Verse:Tdūrzů/Knench: Difference between revisions
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/m pʰ b f w n tʰ t˭ d θ ð ts s z ɬ ʂ j ŋ kʰ k˭ g x h l r/ {{angbr|''m p b f w n t tt d th dh ts s z σ sz y ng k kk g kh h l r''}} | /m pʰ b f w n tʰ t˭ d θ ð ts s z ɬ ʂ j ŋ kʰ k˭ g x h l r/ {{angbr|''m p b f w n t tt d th dh ts s z σ sz y ng k kk g kh h l r''}} | ||
Allophonic palatalization occurs before /i/ or /j/. /ŋ kʰ k˭ g x/ palatalize to alveolopalatals /ɲ tɕʰ tɕ˭ dʑ ɕ/. | Allophonic palatalization occurs before /ɛ/, /i/ or /j/. /ŋ kʰ k˭ g x/ palatalize to alveolopalatals /ɲ tɕʰ tɕ˭ dʑ ɕ/. | ||
====Mutations==== | ====Mutations==== | ||
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"Already lenited" consonants lenite as follows: f w th dh kh Ø > nf, nw, nth, ndh, nkh, n | "Already lenited" consonants lenite as follows: f w th dh kh Ø > nf, nw, nth, ndh, nkh, n | ||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
/a ɛ i ɔ u ə a: ɛ: i: ɔ: u: ə:/ = {{angbr|a e i o u ø á é í ó ú ǿ}} | /a ɛ i ɔ u ə a: ɛ: i: ɔ: u: ə:/ = {{angbr|a e i o u ø á é í ó ú ǿ}} | ||
Revision as of 03:36, 24 September 2016
Venetian Hebrew (ngiwrith /ˈɲiwriθ/) is a basilect of Hebrew spoken in Lõis's Northern Italy, Austria and Southern Germany.
Introduction
Phonology
Orthography
Consonants
/m pʰ b f w n tʰ t˭ d θ ð ts s z ɬ ʂ j ŋ kʰ k˭ g x h l r/ ⟨m p b f w n t tt d th dh ts s z σ sz y ng k kk g kh h l r⟩
Allophonic palatalization occurs before /ɛ/, /i/ or /j/. /ŋ kʰ k˭ g x/ palatalize to alveolopalatals /ɲ tɕʰ tɕ˭ dʑ ɕ/.
Mutations
Words can undergo initial lenition, as in Irish and Tiberian Hebrew. p- b- t- d- k- g- > f- w- th- dh- kh- Ø-
"Already lenited" consonants lenite as follows: f w th dh kh Ø > nf, nw, nth, ndh, nkh, n
Vowels
/a ɛ i ɔ u ə a: ɛ: i: ɔ: u: ə:/ = ⟨a e i o u ø á é í ó ú ǿ⟩
Word-final /i/ is silent and palatalizes the preceding consonant.
Prosody
Stress
Stress is always penultimate.
Intonation
Phonotactics
Morphophonology
Morphology
Nouns and adjectives
Nouns are either masculine or feminine, and inflect for number. Adjectives agree with nouns in gender and number.
- The regular feminine singular suffix is -ø or -th.
- The regular masculine plural suffix is -i after consonants and -yø after vowels.
- The regular feminine plural is -uth.
køfor, køfori (m) = village, villages
bagbøg, bagbøgi (m) = bottle, bottles
i, iyø (m) = island, islands
kkiszø, kkiszøyø (m) = squash, squashes
gøfø, gøfuth (f) = corpse, corpses
tagrith, tagriyuth (f) = incident, incidents
Verbs
Clauses take the form of inflected pronoun + preposition/aspect marker + verbal noun.
Copula
| → Person ↓ Truth value |
1sg | 2sg.m | 2sg.f | 3sg.m | 3sg.f | 1pl.in | 2pl | 3pl |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Affirmative | ni | to | ad | u | i | nan | ti | em |
| Interrogative | ini | intø | int | imu | imi | inan | inti | iyum |
| Negative | eni | ekhø | ekh | enu | enø | enen | ekhi | enøm |
Syntax
Constituent order
Noun phrase
The definite article is a clitic:
- Singular: -az (after C) or -zø (after V)
- Plural: -il
Examples:
- hadhør = a room
- hadhraz = the room
- hadhør godhul = a big room
- hadhør godhulaz = the big room
- boti godhuli = big houses
- boti godhulil = the big houses