Tveðo: Difference between revisions

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:[[Teifyzh/Lexicon]]
Placeholder for Sanskrito-Thai-esque sister of Nurian
:[[Teifyzh/Swadesh list]]
==Todo==
*''yṇfi'' = truth
*''nir'' = water
*''pawṭh'' = song
*''nawḍ'' = land
*''awṇ'' = man
*''rhwṇṭ'' = round
*''swga'' = sad
*''cyḷi'' = branch
*''tywyn'' = island
 
==Introduction==
'''{{PAGENAME}}''' (English: /ˈteɪ.vɚ/; native name: ''teifyzh mozh'' /ˈtɛivəɻ mɔɻ/) is a Dravidian language spoken in Lõis's Madagascar (''Teifyzh Tywyn'' in Teifyzh). It is inspired by Welsh.
 
*1-10: ont, rhant, mwnt, nant, aent, awr, oezh, eṭh, ompath, path
*20-100: irffath, mwffath, nawsffath, aeffath, awrffath, oezhffath, eṭhffath, toṇhwr, nwr
 
==Phonology==
===Orthography===
===Consonants===
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
|+'''{{PAGENAME}} consonants'''
! colspan="2"|
!Labial
!Dental
!Alveolar
!Retroflex
!Velar
!Glottal
|-
! rowspan="2"|Nasal
! | <small>voiceless</small>
|'''mh''' /m̊/
|'''nh''' /n̊/
|
|'''ṇh''' /ɳ̊/
|'''ngh''' /ŋ̊/
|
|-
! | <small>voiced</small>
|'''m''' /m/
|'''n''' /n/
|
|'''ṇ''' /ɳ/
|'''ng''' /ŋ/
|
|-
! rowspan="2"|Stop
! | <small>voiceless</small>
|'''p''' /p/
|'''t''' /t/
|
|'''ṭ''' /ʈ/
|'''c''' /k/
|
|-
! | <small>voiced</small>
|'''b''' /b/
|'''d''' /d/
|
|'''ḍ''' /ɖ/
|'''g''' /g/
|
|-
! rowspan="2"|Fricative
! | <small>voiceless</small>
|'''ph, ff''' /f/
|'''th''' /θ/
|'''s''' /s/
|'''ṭh''' /ʂ/
|'''ch''' /χ/
|'''h''' /h/
|-
|-
! | <small>voiced</small>
|'''f''' /v/
|'''dd''' /ð/
|'''z''' /z/
|'''zh, ḍḍ''' /ʐ~ɻ/
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2"|Liquid
! | <small>voiceless</small>
|
|'''ll''' /ɬ/
|'''rh''' /r̥/
|'''ḷḷ''' /ꞎ/
|
|
|-
! | <small>voiced</small>
|
|'''l''' /l/
|'''r''' /r/
|'''ḷ''' /ɭ/
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"|Approximant
|'''w''' /w/
|
|
|
|
|
|}
 
===Vowels===
'''a ae aw e ei i o oe w y'''
 
===Prosody===
====Stress====
====Intonation====
 
===Phonotactics===
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. -->
===Morphophonology===
==Morphology==
===Pronouns===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 350px; text-align: center;"
|+
|-
!style="width: 50px; "|
!style="width: 100px; "|Singular
!style="width: 100px; "|Plural
|-
!|1
|''nawn'' (gen. ''e-N'', oblique ''en-'')
|''nawncaḷ'' (gen. ''encaḷ'')
|-
!|1 + 2
|
|''nawf'' (gen. ''nam'')
|-
!|2
|''nî'' (gen. ''w-N'', oblique ''wn-'')
|''nîncaḷ'' (gen. ''wncaḷ'')
|-
!|3 (animate)
|''awr''
|''awrchaḷ''
|-
!|3 (inanimate)
|''ad''
|''aechaḷ''
|}
 
===Nouns===
{{PAGENAME}} nouns decline in 7 cases and two numbers. The declension system is rather complex as each noun displays several different principal parts and and ending allomorphs also vary based on the noun.
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 440px; text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3"| '''General noun paradigm'''
|-
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|-
!|Nominative
|''[0]''||{{abbtip|-caḷ after nasals and obstruents; -chaḷ after liquids and vowels|''[2]c(h)aḷ''}}
|-
!|Accusative
|''[1]i'' (''-ae'' after ''i'')||''[2]c(h)aḷi''
|-
!|Genitive
|''[3]'' + nasal mutation||''[2]c(h)aḷ'' + nasal mutation
|-
!|Dative
|''[1]ych''||''[2]c(h)aḷych''
|-
!|Instrumental
|''[1]ol''||''[2]c(h)aḷol''
|-
!|Ablative
|''[1]ynol''||''[2]c(h)aḷynol''
|-
!|Locative
|''[3]yl''||''[2]c(h)aḷyl''
|}
 
The declension might be best illustrated with example nouns:
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 440px; text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3"| ''pawl'' 'kind, type'
|-
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|-
!|Nominative
|''pawl''||''pawlchaḷ''
|-
!|Accusative
|''pawli''||''pawlchaḷi''
|-
!|Genitive
|''pawl'' + nasal mutation||''pawlchaḷ'' + nasal mutation
|-
!|Dative
|''pawlych''||''pawlchaḷych''
|-
!|Instrumental
|''pawlol''||''pawlchaḷol''
|-
!|Ablative
|''pawlynol''||''pawlchaḷynol''
|-
!|Locative
|''pawlyl''||''pawlchaḷyl''
|}
 
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 440px; text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3"| ''mara'' 'tree'
|-
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|-
!|Nominative
|''mara''||''mara'''n'''caḷ''
|-
!|Accusative
|''mara'''th'''i''||''marancaḷi''
|-
!|Genitive
|''mar'''eth''''' + nasal mutation||''marancaḷ'' + nasal mutation
|-
!|Dative
|''marathych''||''marancaḷych''
|-
!|Instrumental
|''marathol''||''marancaḷol''
|-
!|Ablative
|''marathynol''||''marancaḷynol''
|-
!|Locative
|''marethyl''||''marancaḷyl''
|}
 
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 440px; text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3"| ''maga'' 'son'
|-
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|-
!|Nominative
|''maga''||''maga'''nc'''aḷ''
|-
!|Accusative
|''maga'''n'''i''||''magancaḷi''
|-
!|Genitive
|''mag'''en''''' + nasal mutation||''magancaḷ'' + nasal mutation
|-
!|Dative
|''maganych''||''magancaḷych''
|-
!|Instrumental
|''maganol''||''magancaḷol''
|-
!|Ablative
|''maganynol''||''magancaḷynol''
|-
!|Locative
|''magenyl''||''magancaḷyl''
|}
 
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 440px; text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3"| ''myṭhi'' 'egg'
|-
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|-
!|Nominative
|''myṭhi''||''myṭhichaḷ''
|-
!|Accusative
|''myṭhi'''ae'''''||''myṭhichaḷi''
|-
!|Genitive
|''myṭhi'' + nasal mutation||''myṭhichaḷ'' + nasal mutation
|-
!|Dative
|''myṭhich''||''myṭhichaḷych''
|-
!|Instrumental
|''myṭhiol''||''myṭhichaḷol''
|-
!|Ablative
|''myṭhinol''||''myṭhichaḷynol''
|-
!|Locative
|''myṭhiyl''||''myṭhichaḷyl''
|}
 
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 440px; text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3"| ''gwîḍ'' 'house'
|-
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|-
!|Nominative
|''gwîḍ''||''gwî'''ṭh'''caḷ''
|-
!|Accusative
|''gwî'''ṭh'''i''||''gwîṭhcaḷi''
|-
!|Genitive
|''gwî'''ṭh''''' + nasal mutation||''gwîṭhcaḷ'' + nasal mutation
|-
!|Dative
|''gwîṭhych''||''gwîṭhcaḷych''
|-
!|Instrumental
|''gwîṭhol''||''gwîṭhcaḷol''
|-
!|Ablative
|''gwîṭhynol''||''gwîṭhcaḷynol''
|-
!|Locative
|''gwîṭhyl''||''gwîṭhcaḷyl''
|}
 
===Adjectives===
Adjectives do not agree with nouns but are conjugated like verbs in predicative position. Attributive adjectives are unmarked.
 
Examples of attributive adjectives:
 
*''nall'' 'good'; ''peri'' 'big'; ''cinh'' 'small'; ''pazhae'' 'old'; ''pydi'' 'new'
 
Conjugation of predicative adjectives (present tense):
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 440px; text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3"| '''Personal endings'''
|-
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|-
!|1
|''-en''||''-o''
|-
!|2
|''-ae''||''-iaḷ''
|-
!|3.c
|''-or''||''-oḷ''
|-
!|3.n
|''-ad''||''-an''
|}
 
Example:
*1sg: ''nallen; perien''
*2sg: ''nallae; periae''
*3sg.c: ''nallor; perior''
*3sg.n: ''nallad; periad''
*1pl: ''nallo; perio''
*2pl: ''nalliaḷ, periaḷ''
*3pl.c: ''nalloḷ, perioḷ''
*3pl.n: ''nallan, perian''
 
 
Adverbs are formed from adjectives with the suffix ''-og'': ''nall'''og''''' 'well', ''pydi'''og''''' 'again'.
 
===Verbs===
 
====Person and tense suffixes====
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 440px; text-align: center;"
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''sei'' 'do'
! colspan="2" | '''Non-past'''
|-
! Singular !! Plural
|-
!|1
|''sei·b·en''||''sei·b·o''
|-
!|2
|''sei·b·ae''||''sei·b·iaḷ''
|-
!|3.c
|''sei·b·or''||''sei·b·oḷ''
|-
!|3.n
|''sei·b·ad''||''sei·b·an''
|}
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 440px; text-align: center;"
!rowspan="2" | ''sei'' 'do'
! colspan="2" | '''Past'''
|-
! Singular !! Plural
|-
!|1
|''sei·d·en''||''sei·d·o''
|-
!|2
|''sei·d·ae''||''sei·d·iaḷ''
|-
!|3.c
|''sei·d·or''||''sei·d·oḷ''
|-
!|3.n
|''sei·d·ad''||''sei·d·an''
|}
 
==Syntax==
===Constituent order===
===Noun phrase===
The definite article is like in Welsh:
*''y'' before C
*''yr'' after C or word initially, and before V
*'''r'' after V, and before V
 
Examples: ''y mara'' 'the tree'; ''yr yṇfi'' 'the truth'.
 
===Verb phrase===
===Sentence phrase===
===Dependent clauses===
<!-- etc. etc. -->
 
==Example texts==
===UDHR, Article 1===
:''Ell nabarchaḷ pyzantaboḷ caṭhasog mol offonog medyffyl mol yryfigaḷyl. Awrchaḷ pesoḷ pagythezyw mol yḷḷananfi, mol gwoeṇṭ coḷ naḍant orwar orwarych sagwdareth owiddyl.''
:All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act toward one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
 
==Other resources==
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->
 
<!-- Template area -->
 
 
[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Languages]]

Revision as of 00:57, 12 July 2018

Placeholder for Sanskrito-Thai-esque sister of Nurian

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