Ilithian/Verbs: Difference between revisions

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m (jebh- sounds too much like Slavic jeb and Sanskrit yabh)
mNo edit summary
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| ''-ů, -m, -mi'' || ''-va'' || ''-me'' || ''-é'' || ''-vahé'' || ''-mahé''
| ''-ů, -m, -mi'' || ''-va'' || ''-me'' || ''-é'' || ''-vahé'' || ''-midé''
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| ''jungů'' || ''jungava'' || ''jungame'' || ''jungé'' || ''jungavahé'' || ''jungamahé''
| ''jungů'' || ''jungava'' || ''jungame'' || ''jungé'' || ''jungavahé'' || ''jungamidé''
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| ''jungšů'' || ''jungšava'' || ''jungšame'' || ''jungšé'' || ''jungšavahé'' || ''jungšamahé''
| ''jungšů'' || ''jungšava'' || ''jungšame'' || ''jungšé'' || ''jungšavahé'' || ''jungšamidé''
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| ''šventám'' || ''šventáva'' || ''šventáme'' || ''šventáj'' || ''šventávahé'' || ''šventámahé''
| ''šventám'' || ''šventáva'' || ''šventáme'' || ''šventáj'' || ''šventávahé'' || ''šventámidé''
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| ''šventášů'' || ''šventášava'' || ''šventášame'' || ''šventášé'' || ''šventášavahé'' || ''šventášamahé''
| ''šventášů'' || ''šventášava'' || ''šventášame'' || ''šventášé'' || ''šventášavahé'' || ''šventášamidé''
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| ''šešventá'' || ''šešventáva'' || ''šešventáme'' || ''šešventáj'' || ''šešventávahé'' || ''šešventámahé''
| ''šešventá'' || ''šešventáva'' || ''šešventáme'' || ''šešventáj'' || ''šešventávahé'' || ''šešventámidé''
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| ''harejů'' || ''harejava'' || ''harejame'' || ''harejé'' || ''harejavahé'' || ''harejamahé''
| ''harejů'' || ''harejava'' || ''harejame'' || ''harejé'' || ''harejavahé'' || ''harejamidé''
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| ''haréšů'' || ''haréšava'' || ''haréšame'' || ''haréšé'' || ''haréšavahé'' || ''haréšamahé''
| ''haréšů'' || ''haréšava'' || ''haréšame'' || ''haréšé'' || ''haréšavahé'' || ''haréšamidé''
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| ''džehará'' || ''džeharéva'' || ''džeharéme'' || ''džeharejé'' || ''džeharévahé'' || ''džeharémahé''
| ''džehará'' || ''džeharéva'' || ''džeharéme'' || ''džeharejé'' || ''džeharévahé'' || ''džeharémidé''
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| ''ašoušem'' || ''ašouševa'' || ''ašoušeme'' || ''ašoušé'' || ''ašouševahé'' || ''ašoušemahé''
| ''ašoušem'' || ''ašouševa'' || ''ašoušeme'' || ''ašoušé'' || ''ašouševahé'' || ''ašoušemidé''
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| ''ašouššů'' || ''ašouššava'' || ''ašouššame'' || ''ašouššé'' || ''ašouššavahé'' || ''ašouššamahé''
| ''ašouššů'' || ''ašouššava'' || ''ašouššame'' || ''ašouššé'' || ''ašouššavahé'' || ''ašouššamidé''
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| ''bendhů'' || ''bendhava'' || ''bendhame'' || ''bendhé'' || ''bendhavahé'' || ''bendhamahé''
| ''bendhů'' || ''bendhava'' || ''bendhame'' || ''bendhé'' || ''bendhavahé'' || ''bendhamidé''
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| ''benšů'' || ''benšava'' || ''benšame'' || ''benšé'' || ''benšavahé'' || ''benšamahé''
| ''benšů'' || ''benšava'' || ''benšame'' || ''benšé'' || ''benšavahé'' || ''benšamidé''
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Revision as of 22:35, 1 September 2022

Affixes

TODO: optative endings

Infinitive -ti from -tey, like in Balto-Slavic

Primary endings

Indicative

Active Passive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
1st -ů, -m, -mi -va -me -é -vahé -midé
2nd -š, -si -ta -te -sé -tahé -hvé
3rd -t -tou -nt -té -touhé -nté

Secondary endings

Indicative

Active Passive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
1st -á- > -ou, -(e)je > -í, -je > -ji -va -me -má -vaha -maha
2nd -ch -ta -te -tá -taha -hva
3rd -Ø -tou -n -ta -touha -anta

Imperative endings

Active Passive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
1st - - - - - -
2nd -Ø, -dhi -ta -te -se -tá -hvá
3rd -tu -tou -ntu -tá -toudhá -antá


Verb classes

Past perfective comes from PIE perfects or root aorists

Nasal infix class

Infinitive: jugti = to join, to connect

Gerundive: jugtí (jest)

Participles:

  • jungas, junganť = pres. active participle
  • jungamin = passive participle
  • jungšas, jungšanť = future active ptcp.

Primary conjugation

Present indicative

Active Passive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
1st jungů jungava jungame jungé jungavahé jungamidé
2nd jundžeš jundžeta jundžete jundžesé jundžetahé jundžehvé
3rd jundžet jundžetou jungant jundžeté jundžetouhé junganté

Secondary conjugation

Imperfect indicative

Active Passive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
1st jejugou jejugava jejugame jejugamá jejugavaha jejugamaha
2nd jejudžech jejudžeta jejudžete jejudžešá jejudžetaha jejudžehvé
3rd jejudže jejudžetou jejugan jejudžeta jejudžetouha jejuganta

Future indicative

Active Passive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
1st jungšů jungšava jungšame jungšé jungšavahé jungšamidé
2nd jungšaš jungšata jungšate jungšasé jungšatahé jungšahvé
3rd jungšat jungšatou jungšant jungšaté jungšatouhé jungšanté

Imperative endings

Active Passive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
1st - jungava! jungame! - jungavá! jungamahá!
2nd jundže! jundžedhi! jundžeta! jundžete! jundžese! jundžetá! jundžehvé!
3rd jundžetu! jundžetou! jungantu! jundžetá! jundžetouhá! jungantá!

-áti verbs

Infinitive: šventáti = to worship

Gerundive: šventátí (jest)

Participles:

  • šventous, šventánť = pres. active participle
  • šventámin = passive participle
  • šventášas, šventášanť = future active ptcp.

Primary conjugation

Present indicative

Active Passive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
1st šventám šventáva šventáme šventáj šventávahé šventámidé
2nd šventáš šventáta šventáte šventásé šventátahé šventáhvé
3rd šventát šventátou šventánt šventáté šventátouhé šventánté

Secondary conjugation

Imperfect indicative

Active Passive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
1st ješventou ješventáva ješventáme ješventámá ješventávaha ješventámaha
2nd ješventách ješventáta ješventáte ješventášá ješventátaha ješventáhvé
3rd ješventá ješventátou ješventán ješventáta ješventátouha ješventánta

Future indicative

Active Passive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
1st šventášů šventášava šventášame šventášé šventášavahé šventášamidé
2nd šventášaš šventášata šventášate šventášasé šventášatahé šventášahvé
3rd šventášat šventášatou šventášant šventášaté šventášatouhé šventášanté

Imperative endings

Active Passive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
1st - šventáva! šventáme! - šventává! šventámahá!
2nd šventá! šventádhi! šventáta! šventáte! šventáse! šventátá! šventáhvé!
3rd šventátu! šventátou! šventántu! šventátá! šventátouhá! šventántá!

Preterite indicative

Active Passive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
1st šešventá šešventáva šešventáme šešventáj šešventávahé šešventámidé
2nd šešventásta šešventáta šešventáte šešventášé šešventátahé šešventáhvé
3rd šešventá šešventátou šešventár šešventáté šešventátouhé šešventáré

-ejeti

Infinitive: harejeti = to anger

Gerundive: harejetí (jest)

Participles:

  • harejas, harejanť = pres. active participle
  • harejamin = passive participle
  • haréšas, haréšanť = future active ptcp.

Primary conjugation

Present indicative

Active Passive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
1st harejů harejava harejame harejé harejavahé harejamidé
2nd hareješ harejeta harejete harejesé harejetahé harejehvé
3rd harejet harejetou harejant harejeté harejetouhé harejanté

Secondary conjugation

Imperfect indicative

Active Passive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
1st jeharejí, jeharý jeharejeva jeharejeme jeharejemá jeharejevaha jeharejemaha
2nd jeharejech jeharejeta jeharejete jehareješá jeharejetaha jeharejehvé
3rd jehareje jeharejetou jeharejen jeharejeta jeharejetouha jeharejenta

Future indicative

Active Passive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
1st haréšů haréšava haréšame haréšé haréšavahé haréšamidé
2nd haréšaš haréšata haréšate haréšasé haréšatahé haréšahvé
3rd haréšat haréšatou haréšant haréšaté haréšatouhé haréšanté

Imperative endings

Active Passive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
1st - harejeva! harejeme! - harejevá! harejemahá!
2nd hareje! harejedhi! harejeta! harejete! harejese! harejetá! harejehvé!
3rd harejetu! harejetou! harejentu! harejetá! harejetouhá! harejentá!

Preterite indicative

Active Passive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
1st džehará džeharéva džeharéme džeharejé džeharévahé džeharémidé
2nd džeharésta džeharéta džeharéte džeharésé džeharétahé džeharéhvé
3rd džeharé, džehareje džeharétou džeharýr džeharété džeharétouhé džeharýré

-jeti

Infinitive: ašoušeti = to hear

Gerundive: ašoušetí (jest)

Participles:

  • ašoušís, ašoušenť = pres. active participle
  • ašoušemin = passive participle
  • ašouššas, ašouššanť = future active ptcp.

Primary conjugation

Present indicative

Active Passive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
1st ašoušem ašouševa ašoušeme ašoušé ašouševahé ašoušemidé
2nd ašoušeš ašoušeta ašoušete ašoušesé ašoušetahé ašoušehvé
3rd ašoušet ašoušetou ašoušent ašoušeté ašoušetouhé ašoušenté

Secondary conjugation

Imperfect indicative

Active Passive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
1st jášouši jášouševa jášoušeme jášoušemá jášouševaha jášoušemaha
2nd jášoušech jášoušeta jášoušete jášoušešá jášoušetaha jášoušehvé
3rd jášouše jášoušetou jášoušen jášoušeta jášoušetouha jášoušenta

Future indicative

Active Passive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
1st ašouššů ašouššava ašouššame ašouššé ašouššavahé ašouššamidé
2nd ašouššaš ašouššata ašouššate ašouššasé ašouššatahé ašouššahvé
3rd ašouššat ašouššatou ašouššant ašouššaté ašouššatouhé ašouššanté

Imperative endings

Active Passive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
1st - ašouševa! ašoušeme! - ašouševá! ašoušemahá!
2nd ašouše! ašoušedhi! ašoušeta! ašoušete! ašoušese! ašoušetá! ašoušehvé!
3rd ašoušetu! ašoušetou! ašoušentu! ašoušetá! ašoušetouhá! ašoušentá!

Thematic root class

Infinitive: bensti = to bind

Gerundive: benstí (jest)

Participles:

  • bendhas, bendhanť = pres. active participle
  • bandhamin = passive participle
  • benšas, benšanť = future active ptcp.

Primary conjugation

Present indicative

Active Passive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
1st bendhů bendhava bendhame bendhé bendhavahé bendhamidé
2nd bendheš bendheta bendhete bendhesé bendhetahé bendhehvé
3rd bendhet bendhetou bendhant bendheté bendhetouhé bendhanté

Secondary conjugation

Imperfect indicative

Active Passive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
1st jebendhou jebendhava jebendhame jebendhamá jebendhavaha jebendhamaha
2nd jebendhech jebendheta jebendhete jebendhešá jebendhetaha jebendhehva
3rd jebendhe jebendhetou jebendhan jebendheta jebendhetouha jebendhanta

Future indicative

Active Passive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
1st benšů benšava benšame benšé benšavahé benšamidé
2nd benšaš benšata benšate benšasé benšatahé benšahvé
3rd benšat benšatou benšant benšaté benšatouhé benšanté

Imperative endings

Active Passive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
1st - bendhava! bendhame! - bendhavá! bendhamahá!
2nd bendhe! bendheta! bendhete! bendhese! bendhetá! bendhehvé!
3rd bendhetu! bendhetou! bendhantu! bendhetá! bendhetouhá! bendhantá!

Root athematic

  • důti (to give): dedům, dedůš, dedůt, ..., dedůnt
  • státi (to stand): sestám, sestáš, sestát, ..., sestánt
  • dhýti (to do): dedhým, dedhýš, dedhýt, ..., dedhýnt
  • bháti (to say): bebhám, bebháš, bebhát, ..., bebhánt
  • anešti (to get): anešmi, anešši, anešt, anešva, anešta, aneštou, anešme, anešte, anešant

bhúti 'to be'

Infinitive: bhúti

Gerundive: bhútí (jest)

Participles:

  • present jsas (m), jsanť (f)
  • future bhúšas, bhúšanť

Present

Singular Dual Plural
1st jesmi jsva jsme
2nd jesi jsta jste
3rd jest jstou jsant

Forms beginning with js- are pronounced with [çs-] if not after a vowel. (The j is a reflex of PIE h₁.)

Future

Singular Dual Plural
1st bhúšů bhúšava bhúšame
2nd bhúšaš bhúšata bhúšate
3rd bhúšat bhúšatou bhúšant

Past ipfv.

Singular Dual Plural
1st bhúm bhúva bhúme
2nd bhúch bhúta bhúte
3rd bhú bhútou bhún

Optative

Singular Dual Plural
1st bhújám bhújáva bhújáme
2nd bhújáš bhújáta bhújáte
3rd bhúját bhújátou bhújánt

Imperative

Singular Dual Plural
1st - bhúva! bhúme!
2nd bhú! bhúdhi! bhúta! bhúte!
3rd bhútu! bhútou! bhúntu!
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