Trans-Sarnathian languages: Difference between revisions
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'''Proto-Trans-Sarnathian''' (a descendant of Proto-[[Akya-Woms languages|Akya-Woms]]?) was spoken 3000 years BP. | '''Proto-Trans-Sarnathian''' (a descendant of Proto-[[Akya-Woms languages|Akya-Woms]]?) was spoken 3000 years BP. | ||
Fortunately for [[Verse:Angai|Angai]]an historical linguists, extremely conservative relatives of | Fortunately for [[Verse:Angai|Angai]]an historical linguists, extremely conservative relatives of Thean within the Trans-Sarnathian branch are spoken in highly mountainous areas. They allow much of Proto-Trans-Sarnathian to be reconstructed. | ||
(Proto-languages are reconstructed in-universe, but this article takes the [https://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/WordOfGod Word of God] point of view unless specified otherwise. In particular, only in-universe reconstructions are indicated with an asterisk.) | (Proto-languages are reconstructed in-universe, but this article takes the [https://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/WordOfGod Word of God] point of view unless specified otherwise. In particular, only in-universe reconstructions are indicated with an asterisk.) | ||
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== Todo == | == Todo == | ||
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h₂aw-bʰorḱ 'enclosure' → Proto-Trans-Sarnathian obʰroc → Late Old | h₂aw-bʰorḱ 'enclosure' → Proto-Trans-Sarnathian obʰroc → Late Old Thean əvʰɣɑc → Middle Thean vəjt → EModTh fi(breathy, final stop tone) → ModTh fi͇ (tone class is D2) 'house' | ||
ḱobreb → PTS cobrɛb → -bəb → p'ʌb → pà (E3) ‘cost’ | ḱobreb → PTS cobrɛb → -bəb → p'ʌb → pà (E3) ‘cost’ | ||
* PTS ə → w | * PTS ə → w | ||
* PTS i → Modern | * PTS i → Modern Thean ⟨ey⟩ | ||
* PTS e → i | * PTS e → i | ||
* PTS a → Modern | * PTS a → Modern Thean ⟨wa⟩ | ||
* PTS o → Modern | * PTS o → Modern Thean ⟨a⟩ | ||
* PTS u → ɨ → Modern | * PTS u → ɨ → Modern Thean /i/ ⟨i⟩ | ||
* PTS ew → ea | * PTS ew → ea | ||
* PTS aw → ea | * PTS aw → ea | ||
Revision as of 20:41, 19 December 2024
Proto-Trans-Sarnathian (a descendant of Proto-Akya-Woms?) was spoken 3000 years BP.
Fortunately for Angaian historical linguists, extremely conservative relatives of Thean within the Trans-Sarnathian branch are spoken in highly mountainous areas. They allow much of Proto-Trans-Sarnathian to be reconstructed.
(Proto-languages are reconstructed in-universe, but this article takes the Word of God point of view unless specified otherwise. In particular, only in-universe reconstructions are indicated with an asterisk.)
Tree
- Proto-Trans-Sarnathian
- Dylathic
- Old Thean (Proto-Theic)
- Shei²¹A¹¹Mi³⁵
- Middle Thean
- Modern Thean (Loosely mono-Gwich'in)
Todo
Proto-Trans-Sarnathian phonology
Vowels
i ɨ u ə e o a
əi əɨ əu ai aɨ au
Consonants
- /m n l r/
- /p t c k kʷ/
- /bʰ dʰ ɟʰ gʰ gʷʰ/
- /pʼ tʼ cʼ kʼ kʷʼ/
- /ç s̠ x xʷ ʔ/
- /j w/
Stress
Word-final
Release
Certain (non-resonant) final consonants and clusters have audible release, whereas others are unreleased.
Released
All obst-obst clusters
All ejectives (but safe to assume single ejectives can become unreleased)
Unreleased
All single non-ejective final stops
Grammar
Nouns
Most nouns had an unmarked form and a marked form (called the singulative for sake of convenience) that was only used for indefinite singular nouns.
For the definite article, the appropriate classifier was used, except for inalienably possessed nouns; the number was marked on the classifier.
List of classifiers
Alienable possession
Inalienable possession
Verbs
Proto-Trans-Sarnathian switched to using Colloquial Welsh-like constructions using inherited verbal nouns. Old finite verb forms were lost by the Proto-Trans-Sarnathian stage aside from a handful.
The auxiliary
Lexicon
- xjeʔ ‘1SG’
- s-lō-s 'drink'
- obʰroc 'tooth'
- copʼrepʼ 'walk'
- s-roj 'to be located'
- bʰēr 'in'
- lakt 'flat'
- ti-lakt 'Dylath' (lit. the flat place)
- ti- nominalizer
- lan '?' -> tilan -> Dylan
- ʔlars 'life'
- Dyl.qalarch 'oneself'
- cʼajbʰ 'water'
- Dyl. tzɂâf