Tveðo: Difference between revisions

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|-
|-
!|Genitive
!|Genitive
|''[3]'' + nasal mutation||''[2]c(h)'' + nasal mutation
|''[3]'' + nasal mutation||''[2]c(h)'' + nasal mutation
|-
|-
!|Dative
!|Dative
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|-
|-
!|Instrumental
!|Instrumental
|''[3]yl''||''[2]c(h)eʟyl''
|''[3]yl''||''[2]c(h)aʟyl''
|}
|}


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|-
|-
!|Genitive
!|Genitive
|''pawl'' + nasal mutation||''pawlcheʟ'' + nasal mutation
|''pawl'' + nasal mutation||''pawlchaʟ'' + nasal mutation
|-
|-
!|Dative
!|Dative
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|-
|-
!|Instrumental
!|Instrumental
|''pawlyl''||''pawlcheʟyl''
|''pawlyl''||''pawlchaʟyl''
|}
|}


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|-
|-
!|Genitive
!|Genitive
|''mar'''eth''''' + nasal mutation||''maranceʟ'' + nasal mutation
|''mar'''eth''''' + nasal mutation||''marancaʟ'' + nasal mutation
|-
|-
!|Dative
!|Dative
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|-
|-
!|Instrumental
!|Instrumental
|''marethyl''||''maranceʟyl''
|''marethyl''||''marancaʟyl''
|}
|}


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|-
|-
!|Genitive
!|Genitive
|''mag'''en''''' + nasal mutation||''maganceʟ'' + nasal mutation
|''mag'''en''''' + nasal mutation||''magancaʟ'' + nasal mutation
|-
|-
!|Dative
!|Dative
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|-
|-
!|Instrumental
!|Instrumental
|''magenyl''||''maganceʟyl''
|''magenyl''||''magancaʟyl''
|}
|}


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|-
|-
!|Genitive
!|Genitive
|''myᴛhi'' + nasal mutation||''myᴛhicheʟ'' + nasal mutation
|''myᴛhi'' + nasal mutation||''myᴛhichaʟ'' + nasal mutation
|-
|-
!|Dative
!|Dative
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|-
|-
!|Instrumental
!|Instrumental
|''myᴛhiyl''||''myᴛhicheʟyl''
|''myᴛhiyl''||''myᴛhichaʟyl''
|}
|}


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|-
|-
!|Genitive
!|Genitive
|''gwî'''ᴛh''''' + nasal mutation||''gwîᴛhceʟ'' + nasal mutation
|''gwî'''ᴛh''''' + nasal mutation||''gwîᴛhcaʟ'' + nasal mutation
|-
|-
!|Dative
!|Dative
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|-
|-
!|Instrumental
!|Instrumental
|''gwîᴛhyl''||''gwîᴛhceʟyl''
|''gwîᴛhyl''||''gwîᴛhcaʟyl''
|}
|}



Revision as of 01:42, 19 September 2016


Todo

  • yɴfi = truth

Introduction

Tveðo is a Dravidian language spoken in Lõis's Madagascar. It is inspired by Welsh, chemical names and Medh Nghêl.

  • 1-10: ont, rhant, mwnt, nant, aent, awr, êzh, eᴛh, ompath, path
  • 20-100: îrffath, mwffath, nawsffath, aeffath, awrffath, êzhffath, eᴛhffath, toɴhwr, nwr

Phonology

Orthography

Consonants

Tveðo consonants
Labial Dental Alveolar Retroflex Velar Glottal
Nasal voiceless mh /m̊/ nh /n̊/ ɴh /ɳ̊/ ngh /ŋ̊/
voiced m /m/ n /n/ ɴ /ɳ/ ng /ŋ/
Stop voiceless p /p/ t /t/ /ʈ/ c /k/
voiced b /b/ d /d/ /ɖ/ g /g/
Fricative voiceless ph, ff /f/ th /θ/ s /s/ sh, ᴛh /ʂ/ ch /χ/ h /h/
voiced f /v/ dd /ð/ z /z/ zh, ᴅᴅ /ʐ~ɻ/
Liquid voiceless ll /ɬ/ rh /r̥/ ʟʟ /ꞎ/
voiced l /l/ r /r/ ʟ /ɭ/
Approximant w /w/

Vowels

a â ae aw e ê ei i î o ô oe w y

Prosody

Stress

Intonation

Phonotactics

Morphophonology

Morphology

Nouns

Tveðo nouns decline in 7 cases and two numbers. The declension system is rather complex as each noun displays several different principal parts and and ending allomorphs also vary based on the noun.

General noun paradigm
Singular Plural
Nominative [0] [2]c(h)aʟ
Accusative [1]i (-ae after i) [2]c(h)aʟi
Genitive [3] + nasal mutation [2]c(h)aʟ + nasal mutation
Dative [1]ych [2]c(h)aʟych
Locative [1]ol [2]c(h)aʟol
Ablative [1]ynol [2]c(h)aʟynol
Instrumental [3]yl [2]c(h)aʟyl

The declension is best illustrated with example nouns:

pawl 'kind'
Singular Plural
Nominative pawl pawlchaʟ
Accusative pawli pawlchaʟi
Genitive pawl + nasal mutation pawlchaʟ + nasal mutation
Dative pawlych pawlchaʟych
Locative pawlol pawlchaʟol
Ablative pawlynol pawlchaʟynol
Instrumental pawlyl pawlchaʟyl


mara 'tree'
Singular Plural
Nominative mara marancaʟ
Accusative marathi marancaʟi
Genitive mareth + nasal mutation marancaʟ + nasal mutation
Dative marathych marancaʟych
Locative marathol marancaʟol
Ablative marathynol marancaʟynol
Instrumental marethyl marancaʟyl


maga 'son'
Singular Plural
Nominative maga maganc
Accusative magani magancaʟi
Genitive magen + nasal mutation magancaʟ + nasal mutation
Dative maganych magancaʟych
Locative maganol magancaʟol
Ablative maganynol magancaʟynol
Instrumental magenyl magancaʟyl


myᴛhi 'egg'
Singular Plural
Nominative myᴛhi myᴛhichaʟ
Accusative myᴛhiae myᴛhichaʟi
Genitive myᴛhi + nasal mutation myᴛhichaʟ + nasal mutation
Dative myᴛhich myᴛhichaʟych
Locative myᴛhiol myᴛhichaʟol
Ablative myᴛhinol myᴛhichaʟynol
Instrumental myᴛhiyl myᴛhichaʟyl


gwîᴅ 'house'
Singular Plural
Nominative gwîᴅ gwîᴛhcaʟ
Accusative gwîᴛhi gwîᴛhcaʟi
Genitive gwîᴛh + nasal mutation gwîᴛhcaʟ + nasal mutation
Dative gwîᴛhych gwîᴛhcaʟych
Locative gwîᴛhol gwîᴛhcaʟol
Ablative gwîᴛhynol gwîᴛhcaʟynol
Instrumental gwîᴛhyl gwîᴛhcaʟyl

Adjectives

Adjectives do not agree with nouns but are conjugated like verbs in predicative position. Attributive adjectives are unmarked.

Examples of attributive adjectives:

  • nall 'good'; peri 'big'; cinh 'small'; pazhae 'old'; pydi 'new'

Conjugation of predicative adjectives (present tense):

Personal endings
Singular Plural
1 -e -w
2 -ae -iaʟ
3.c -or -oʟ
3.n -ad -an

Example:

  • 1sg: nalle; perie
  • 2sg: nallae; periae
  • 3sg.c: nallor; perior
  • 3sg.n: nallad; periad
  • 1pl: nallw; periw
  • 2pl: nalliaʟ, periaʟ
  • 3pl.c: nalloʟ, perioʟ
  • 3pl.n: nallan, perian


Adverbs are formed from adjectives with the suffix -og: nallog 'well', pydiog 'again'.

Verbs

Conjugation of sei 'do':

sei- Non-past
Singular Plural
1 sei·b·e sei·b·w
2 sei·b·ae sei·b·iaʟ
3.c sei·b·or sei·b·oʟ
3.n sei·b·ad sei·b·an
sei- Past
Singular Plural
1 sei·d·e sei·d·w
2 sei·d·ae sei·d·iaʟ
3.c sei·d·or sei·d·oʟ
3.n sei·d·ad sei·d·an

Syntax

Constituent order

Noun phrase

Verb phrase

Sentence phrase

Dependent clauses

Example texts

UDHR, Article 1

ell nabarchaʟ pidantaboʟ caᴛhasog mel offonog medyffyl mel ŷrficheʟyl. awrchaʟ pesoʟ pagythezyw mel yʟʟananfi, mel gwêɴᴛ coʟ naᴅant orwar orwarych sagwdaren owiyl.

Other resources