Verse:Irta/An Indo-Iranian branch

Wortebouch (Lexicon)
Irta/An Indo-Iranian branch/Swadesh list

Irta/An Indo-Iranian branch (d'allemañische sprâçe /d‿al.me.ɲis p˭jaʊs/ or d'Allemañisch) is a West Germanic language spoken in Lõis's Germany, Switzerland and Austria.

Numbers: ein, zwei, drî, feaur, finf, sechs, siben, acht, neun, zên /eɪ̯ŋ, swe, dyi, føː, fiːf, θeː, θə.bu, aɪ̯ʔ, nyŋ, saɪŋ/

Cl = /Cw/?

r = /j/; cr, gr = /tɕ, dʑ/; c, g, ch + front vowel = /s, z, s/; ch = /x/

s = /θ/; z = /s/; sch = /sʰ/

(sc)hm, (sc)hn, (sc)hl, (sc)hr /m̥, n̥, l̥, ʃ/

• dez Hlauz /l̥aʊs/ = lot, fate

a = /a/, â = /aʊ/, âr = /aɪ/, au, aun = /o~oʊ/

e = /ɛ/ (/ə/ in unstressed syllables), ê = /aɪ/, eau, eaun = /ø/

eu = /y/

é, en, én = /e~eɪ/

i = /ə/

î, in = /i/

u, un, an = /ɔ/

û = /u/

Final stops become glottal stops after a vowel, vanish otherwise

Todo

Some sentences:

• Ich spreche fon de Leaube und de Haz. [əh p˭jɛh fu də løb un də has]
• Ist'z daz du behaltes ez fur mir ? [it˭as t˭u bəhaltʰ əs fy mi]
• Wir leaubons him, darum wir fîrons sîn Inwîung. [wi løbu hiŋ dɔjuŋ wi fiju θiŋ iŋwijuŋ]
• Ez git an mir Hunger. [əs k˭ət am mi huŋi]
• Hwaz ist'z daz ez ? [w̥az itaz əs] "What is it?"

Sound changes:

• "pin-pen merger" (to /i/) before final weakening

Some words:

• de Deaumout /døy.moʊʔ/ = meekness, humility
• de Hnaccen /n̊a.k˭u/ = neck
• nein /neɪŋ/ = no; neau /nø/ = not
• denken /diŋ.kʰu/ = think
• de Stein /t˭eɪŋ/ = stone
• de Schlange /l̥aŋ/ = snake
• de Himel /hi.məl/ = sky
• de Eauigkeit /ø.ji.kʰeɪʔ/ = eternity
• driñ /dji/ = in (preposition)

Phonology

Unusually for an L-European language, Irta/An Indo-Iranian branch has phonemic voiceless nasals and resonants. Also unusual is the aspirated sibilant /sʰ/ (written ⟨sch⟩).

Consonants

Irta/An Indo-Iranian branch consonants

		Labial	Dental	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	voiceless	/m̊/	/n̊/
	voiced	/m/	/n/		/ɲ/	/ŋ/
Stop	aspirated	/pʰ/	/tʰ/		/tɕʰ/	/kʰ/	/ʔ/
	voiced	/b/	/d/		/d͡ʑ/	/g/
	tense	/p˭/	/t˭/		[tɕ˭]	[k˭]
Fricative	voiceless	/f/	/θ/	/s/	/ʃ/		/h/
	voiced	/v/	[ð]	/z/
	aspirated			/sʰ/
Approximant	voiceless	/w̥/	/l̥/
	voiced	/w/	/l/		/j/

• /h/ may be written as either ⟨h⟩ or ⟨ch⟩; it is pronounced [x] after consonants.

Vowels

vowels: /a ə i u y ɔ~aʊ ɛ~aɪ e~eɪ o~oʊ ø~øy/, ~ denotes alternation.

The Allemañisch alternation is conditioned by the following rule:

• diphthongs before /ʔ, s, ŋ/ OR before nasals
• monophthongs otherwise?

The alternants are marginally phonemic, e.g. before consonants that don't alternate like /l, h/.

It originally came from the rule "diphthongs in closed syllables, monophthongs in open syllables" (plus diphthongization before /n, s/). This alternation operates after r, -nj > j and attendant vowel coloring.

Morphology

Nouns

Indefinite article:

• ein, einz, et /eɪŋ, eɪs, aɪʔ~ɛ.tʰ‿-/ (c.sg., n.sg., pl)
• de/d', dez, deu /də, dəs, dy/ (c.sg., n.sg., pl.)

Common nouns: -0/-e, -er

• de Frau, deu Frauer /də fjo, dy fjoji/ 'woman'
• de Hrabe, deu Hraber /də ʃap, dy ʃabi/ 'raven'

Neuter nouns: -0, -e

• dez Çind, deu Çinde /də siŋʔ, dy sint/ 'child'

Irregular nouns:

• dez Name, deu Namen /dəs nam, dy namu/ 'name'

Adjectives

Adjectives: predicative -0, attributive -e

• Her starc. /he t˭ajʔ/ 'He is strong.' (cf. AAVE He strong.)
• ein starce Mañ /ə t˭ɛk me/ 'a strong man'

Verbs

Infinitive:

• machen /maxu/

Imperative:

• 2sg: mache /max/
• 2pl: machet /max/

Present tense:

• ich mache /əx max/
• du maches /du max/
• der/deu/ez machet /deː max/
• wir machons /wiː maxu/
• irl machet /il max/
• deul machent /dyl max/

Past tense:

• ich ha gemacht /əx hagəmax/
• du has gemacht /du hak˭əmax/
• der/deu/ez hat gemacht /deː hak˭əmax/
• wir hans gemacht /weː hɔŋəmax/
• irl hat gemacht /il hak˭əmax/
• deul hant gemacht /dyl hɔŋəmax/

Question marker: ist'z daz = /it˭as/

Pronouns

The personal pronouns are as follows:

case	1sg.	2sg.	3sg.				1pl.	2pl.	3pl.
			'he'	'she'	'it' (c.)	'it' (n.)
nom.	ich /əx/	du /du/	her /he/	heu /hy/	en /iŋ, əŋ/	ez /is, əs/	wir /wi/	irl /il/	deul /dyl/
obj.	mir /mi/	dir /di/	him /hiŋ/	hir /hi/			uns /u/	euch /yx/	deim /deɪŋ/
poss.	mîn /miŋ/	dîn /diŋ/	sîn /θiŋ/				unser /uθi/	eucher /yxi/	deir /de/

mîn, dîn, sîn are inflected as follows:

• sg. common mîn /miŋ~mi.n‿-/, sg. neuter mîz /mis~mi.z‿-/, pl. mîne /min/

Syntax

Irta/An Indo-Iranian branch is SVO and zero-copula.

Negation

The negative particle neau /nø/ is placed after a verbal phrase but before a predicative adjective:

• Ich haze dir neau. /əx haz di nø/ "I don't hate you."
• Ez neau grauz genoug. /əs nø dʑoʊs gənoʊʔ/ "It's not big enough."