Modern Windermere: Difference between revisions
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ł > š, ş > z as in Eevo | ł > š, ş > z as in Eevo | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width:700px;text-align:center;" | |||
! colspan="2" | | |||
! |Labial | |||
! |Dental | |||
! |Alveolar | |||
! |Retroflex | |||
! |Palatal | |||
! |Velar | |||
! |Uvular | |||
! |Glottal | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" style="" |Nasal | |||
| '''m''' /m/ | |||
| '''n''' /n/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| '''ng''' /ŋ/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" |Plosive | |||
! |<small>unaspirated</small> | |||
| '''b''' /p/ | |||
| '''d''' /t/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| '''g''' /k/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! |<small>aspirated</small> | |||
| '''p''' /pʰ/ | |||
| '''t''' /tʰ/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| '''c''' /kʰ/ | |||
| | |||
| <b>'</b> /ʔ/ | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" style="" |Affricate | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| '''ts''' /ts/ | |||
| | |||
| '''tś''' /tɕ/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" style="" |Fricative | |||
! |<small>unvoiced</small> | |||
| '''f''' /f/ | |||
| '''th''' /θ/ | |||
| '''s''' /s/ | |||
| '''ṣ''' /ʂ/ | |||
| '''ś''' /ɕ/ | |||
| '''ch''' /x/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! |<small>voiced</small> | |||
| '''v''' /v/ | |||
| '''dh''' /ð/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" |Resonant | |||
| '''w''' /w/ | |||
| | |||
|colspan="2"|'''r''' /ɹ~ɻ/ | |||
| '''y''' /j/ | |||
| | |||
| '''l''' /ʟ/ | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
===Stress=== | ===Stress=== |
Revision as of 14:45, 12 January 2018
Modern Windermere is the sole modern descendant of Classical Windermere.
Diachronics
Phonological history
Grammatical history
- Aspect and trigger largely become derivational devices, cf. the development of PIE aspects and Semitic binyanim.
- Grammaticalization of conjugated auxiliaries, leading to a tense system.
Phonology
ə > 0 after aspirated consonants
r > ɹ
ł > š, ş > z as in Eevo
Consonants
Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m /m/ | n /n/ | ng /ŋ/ | ||||||
Plosive | unaspirated | b /p/ | d /t/ | g /k/ | |||||
aspirated | p /pʰ/ | t /tʰ/ | c /kʰ/ | ' /ʔ/ | |||||
Affricate | ts /ts/ | tś /tɕ/ | |||||||
Fricative | unvoiced | f /f/ | th /θ/ | s /s/ | ṣ /ʂ/ | ś /ɕ/ | ch /x/ | ||
voiced | v /v/ | dh /ð/ | |||||||
Resonant | w /w/ | r /ɹ~ɻ/ | y /j/ | l /ʟ/ |
Vowels
Stress
Stress is almost always final, but can be non-final in function words.
Morphology
Praveen's last idea for Tigal: auxiliary-based
Auxiliaries
Tense auxiliaries
I | thou | he | she | it | we (exc.) | we (inc.) | you (pl.) | they | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
present | mor | moł | mon | mos | mot | mots | mob | mong | mam |
preterite | chelăr | chelăł | chelăn | chelăs | chelăt | chelăts | chelăb | chelăng | chelăm |
future | per | perł | pern | pers | pert | perts | perb | perng | perm |
Syntax
AuxSVO or maybe AuxAVE if ergative
- Mor brits cde clăbüh te tsăgtsog.
- PRES-1SG speak about love and hate
- I speak of love and hate.'