Verse:Mwail/Ker
Proto-Trans-Sarnathian, a descendant of Proto-Akya-Woms, was spoken 3000 years BP.
Fortunately for Angaian historical linguists, extremely conservative relatives of Zzean within the Trans-Sarnathian branch are spoken in highly mountainous areas. They allow much of Proto-Trans-Sarnathian to be reconstructed.
Tree
- Proto-Trans-Sarnathian
Todo
h₂aw-bʰorḱ 'enclosure' → Proto-Trans-Sarnathian obʰroc → Late Old Zzean əvʰɣɑc → Middle Zzean vəjt → EModZz fi(breathy, final stop tone) → ModZz fi͇ (tone class is D2) 'house'
ḱobreb → PTS cobrɛb → -bəb → p'ʌb → pà (E3) ‘cost’
- PTS ə → w
- PTS i → Modern Zzean ⟨ey⟩
- PTS e → i
- PTS a → Modern Zzean ⟨wa⟩
- PTS o → Modern Zzean ⟨a⟩
- PTS u → ɨ → Modern Zzean /i/ ⟨i⟩
- PTS ew → ea
- PTS aw → ea
- PTS ow → wa
- PTS ej → ay
- PTS aj → e
- PTS oj → w
Proto-Trans-Sarnathian phonology
Vowels
i ɨ u ə e o a ē ō ā ī ɨ̄ ū əi əɨ əu aj aɨ au
Consonants
- /m n l r/
- /p t c k kʷ/
- /b d ɟ g gʷ/
- /pʼ tʼ cʼ kʼ kʷʼ/
- /ç s̠ h ʔ/
- /j w/
Stress
Word-final
Grammar
Proto-Trans-Sarnathian switched to using Colloquial Welsh-like constructions using inherited verbal nouns. Old finite verb forms were lost by the Proto-Trans-Sarnathian stage aside from a handful.
Lexicon
- xjeʔ ‘1SG’ (From PAW disjunctive 1SG *h₂yeh₁); Zzean zhi̬
- PAW *sleh₃s → PTS *s-lō-s → Old Zzean *sluəs → lu(C2) → lŵ 'to sit’
- h₂aw-bʰorḱ 'enclosure' → Proto-Trans-Sarnathian obʰroc → Late Old Zzean əvʰɣɑc → Middle Zzean vəjt → EModZz fi(breathy, final stop tone) → ModZz fi͇ (tone class is D2) 'house'
- ḱobreb → PTS k.brɛb → kbəw → p'ʌw → pà (E3) ‘to buy'
- roy ‘in’ → PTS s-roj → rrw̖y ‘interior’
- bʰetr → PTS bʰēr → PTS bʰiən → piən (A2) → piw (A2) → pe̖a ‘(higher register) in (postposition)’; → dialectal pjuː → thw̖ ‘at (postposition)’