SamSkandinavisk adjectives

Adjectives have two paradigms for declension -- a indefinite declension and a definite declension. In the predicative position, the adjective must agree with the gender and number of the noun it refers to. It does not however agree with the definite or indefinite status; The form of the adjective in the predicative position always takes the indefinite form

Similar to other Germanic languages, the comparative is formed by adding -ere to the stem and the superlative is formed by adding -est or -este. A minority of adjectives have irregular declensions, typically they change the stem-vowel by umlaut when forming the comparative and superlative. eg stor (big); comparative större; superlative störst. Some adjectives are further irregular and have totally different stems in the definite form or the plural form of when forming the comparative and superlative. For example, with god (good) the comparative is bettre and the superlative is best.

Adverbs

Adjectives must have a -t suffix added to be used as adverbs.

Rules:

Past participle of verb used as an adjective

Verbs have a past participle which can be used as an adjective that follow similar rules to other adjectives.

Weak Verbs:

Indefinite: The indefinite singular forms end in -(e)t, just like the supine form of the verb. eg tendet (lit, illuminated), aktiveret (enabled)

Indefinite Plural and Definite The indefinite plural and definite forms end in -(e)de, or -te These forms follow the form of the past tense of the weak form. If the past tense ends in -(e)de , it will be -(e)de. If it ends in -te, it will be -te. tendede, aktiverede.

Strong Verbs eg skoren (cut). afbruten (cancelled)

Indefinite Singular:

The indefinite singular forms end in -en when used with common gender nouns eg skoren, afbruten. With Neuter gender nouns, the indefinite singular ends in -et eg skoret, afbrutet -- this is the same as the supine of the verb.

Indefinite plural and Definite: The indefinite plural and definite forms end in -ene. eg skorene, afbrutene.

Past Participles as Adverbs

Weak Verbs

-(e)t eg tendet, aktiveret

Strong Verbs:

-et eg skoret, afbrutet

Comparative

-ere

regardless of indefinite, definite any gender or number and as adverb.

Superlative:

Indefinite singular:

-est for use with both common gender or neuter nouns

Indefinite Plural and Definite:

-este

Adverb:

-est

Adjectives ending in -en

e.g. galen (crazy), open(open),rotten(rotten)

The behave like past participle adjectives (often these originally were)

common -en. (galen, open, rotten) Neuter -et (galen, opet, rottet)

Indefintie plural and definite -ene. (galene, opene, rottene)

Adverb: -et (galet, opet, rottet)

Adjectives ending in -t

eg matt (tired), rett (right)

No need to change for adverb

No need to change for indefinite neuter

Add -e for indefinite plural and definite eg matte, rette

Adjectives ending -d

eg bred (wide) add -t for indefinite neuter e.g. bred > bredt. The d becomes silent

Add -e for definite. eg brede