Modern Windermere

From Linguifex
Revision as of 23:15, 17 February 2018 by Praimhín (talk | contribs) (→‎Syntax)
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Modern Windermere is the sole modern descendant of Classical Windermere. It has remained pretty much unchanged since the time of rith Mărotł.

Todo

21 accents in Windermere?

Diachronics

Phonological history

  • ə > 0 after aspirated consonants and fricatives. This makes the voicing alternation in the Classical Wdm. spirants f and th phonemic.
  • r > ɹ in the Rhythoed dialect (Talman Windermere has an Icelandic/Philly accent and Rhythoed has a British RP-ish accent)
  • l > ʟ in the Wen Dămea dialect
  • ł > ś, ş > ṣ

Grammatical history

  • Aspect largely becomes a derivational device, cf. the development of PIE aspects
  • Grammaticalization of conjugated auxiliaries, leading to a tense system.

Phonology

Consonants

Labial Dental Alveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
Nasal m /m/ n /n/ ng /ŋ/
Plosive unaspirated b /p~b/ d /t~d/ g /k~g/
aspirated p /pʰ~p/ t /tʰ~t/ c /kʰ~k/ ' /ʔ/
Affricate ts /ts/ tsy /tɕ/
Fricative unvoiced f /f/ th /θ/ s /s/ sh /ʂ/ sy /ɕ/ ch /x/
voiced v /v/ dh /ð/
Resonant w /w/ r /ɹ~ɻ~r/ y /j/ l /ʟ~ɫ/

Vowels

Short vowels
Front Central Back
unrounded rounded
Close i /i/ ü /y/ u /u/
Mid e /ɛ/ ă /ə/ o /ɔ/
Open a /a/

Long vowels
Front Central Back
unrounded rounded
Close ie /e:/ üe /ø:/ ua /o:/
Mid ea /ɛ:/ oa /ɔ:/
  • Caveat: ir = ier, ur = uar, etc.
  • [ɨ ʉ] are allophones of /i y/ after /ʂ ɹ/.

The Rhythoed dialect

Rhythoed Windermere is non-rhotic: ir ür ur er or are pronounced /iə yə uə eə oə/. The stops b d g are actually voiced.

Vowels before /ʟ/

Stress

Stress is almost always final, but can be non-final in function words.

Morphology

Verbs

Praveen's last idea for Tigal: auxiliary-based

Auxiliaries

Tense auxiliaries

I thou he she it we (exc.) we (inc.) you (pl.) they
present mor moł mon mos mot mots mob mong mam
preterite chelăr chelăł chelăn chelăs chelăt chelăts chelăb chelăng chelăm
future per perł pern pers pert perts perb perng perm

Syntax

AuxSVO

Mor mi brits cde clăbüh te tsăgtsog.
PRES-1SG LOC speak about love and hate
I speak of love and hate.'
Mot rüech mi tsrin ne troas.
PRES-it bird LOC eat of seed
The bird is eating a seed.