Nurian/Old/Morphology
Nouns
Nurian nouns have singular and plural numbers, and inflect in case/state.
Nouns and adjectives fall into predetermined declension classes, regardless of the etymology. Exceptions are some irregular nouns and adjectives.
Masculine nouns
Masculine nouns typically end in -ą, -į, -ų, or -ūr.
-ą nouns:
Singular | Plural | ||
---|---|---|---|
Absolute | Nominative | aġġiakkāt-ą | aġġiakkāt-ai |
Genitive | aġġiakkāt-at | aġġiakkāt-abeh | |
Construct | aġġiakkāt-ū | aġġiakkāt-uoni |
-į nouns:
Singular | Plural | ||
---|---|---|---|
Absolute | Nominative | thab-į | thab-eih |
Genitive | thab-it | thab-ibeh | |
Construct | thab-ei | thab-īni |
-ų nouns:
Singular | Plural | ||
---|---|---|---|
Absolute | Nominative | fannh-ų | fannh-ūh |
Genitive | fannh-ut | fannh-ubeh | |
Construct | fannh-ui | fannh-ūni |
Feminine nouns
Feminine nouns typically end in -ai, -ei, -ī, -i, or -ui.
-ai nouns:
Singular | Plural | ||
---|---|---|---|
Absolute | Nominative | gand-ai | gand-ar |
Genitive | gand-ą | gand-ābeh | |
Construct | gand-ia | gand-āni |
-ei nouns:
Singular | Plural | ||
---|---|---|---|
Absolute | Nominative | tīm-ei | tīm-er |
Genitive | tīm-ę | tīm-ēbeh | |
Construct | tīm-ia | tīm-ēni |
-ui nouns:
Singular | Plural | ||
---|---|---|---|
Absolute | Nominative | maċċi-ui | maċċi-ur |
Genitive | maċċi-ų | maċċi-ūbeh | |
Construct | maċċi-a | maċċi-ūni |
Neuter nouns
Neuter nouns end in -ah, -ih, -uh, -h, or sometimes other consonants.
-ah nouns:
Singular | Plural | ||
---|---|---|---|
Absolute | Nominative | tett-ah | tett-ų |
Genitive | tett-at | tett-abeh | |
Construct | tett-ā | tett-uoni |
-ih nouns:
Singular | Plural | ||
---|---|---|---|
Absolute | Nominative | vel-ih | vel-ių |
Genitive | vel-it | vel-ibeh | |
Construct | vel-ī | vel-īni |
Also: davih 'valley'
-uh nouns:
Singular | Plural | ||
---|---|---|---|
Absolute | Nominative | ċhid-uh | ċhid-ų |
Genitive | ċhid-ut | ċhid-ubeh | |
Construct | ċhid-ū | ċhid-ūni |
C-stem nouns, C = h (from Thensarian φ):
Singular | Plural | ||
---|---|---|---|
Absolute | Nominative | thūs | thuh-ą |
Genitive | thuh-et | thuh-abeh | |
Construct | thuh-ā | thuh-uoni |
C-stem nouns, C = t, th, d:
Singular | Plural | ||
---|---|---|---|
Absolute | Nominative | bies | bie-dą |
Genitive | bied-et | bied-abeh | |
Construct | bied-ā | bied-uoni |
Also kannans, kannantą 'wife'.
C-stem nouns, C = k, kh, g:
Singular | Plural | ||
---|---|---|---|
Absolute | Nominative | ȝażīs | ȝażik-ą |
Genitive | ȝażiċ-et | ȝażik-abeh | |
Construct | ȝażik-ā | ȝażik-uoni |
ȝ-stem nouns:
Singular | Plural | ||
---|---|---|---|
Absolute | Nominative | jen-āh | jen-aȝą |
Genitive | jen-āt | jen-ābeh | |
Construct | jen-aȝā | jen-aȝuoni |
ħ-stem nouns:
Singular | Plural | ||
---|---|---|---|
Absolute | Nominative | hel-āh | hel-aħą |
Genitive | hel-āt | hel-ābeh | |
Construct | hel-aħā | hel-aħuoni |
C-stem nouns, C none of the above:
Singular | Plural | ||
---|---|---|---|
Absolute | Nominative | uor | uor-ą |
Genitive | uor-et | uor-abeh | |
Construct | uor-ā | uor-uoni |
Adjectives
a adjectives
i adjectives
u adjectives
C adjectives
Verbs
Preverbs
- aC- = some kind of applicative
- di- = in, into
- hei- = with
Object affixes
TAM
Present
Person | tussāni "I pray" (a-stem) |
tareni "I bloom, flourish" (e-stem) |
aillini "I love" (i-stem) |
kassyni "I eat" (ablaut stem) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1SG | tussāni | tareni | aillini | kassyni |
2SG | tussāri | tareri | ailliri | kassyri |
3SG.M | tussą | tarę | aillį | kassy̨ |
3SG.F | tussāh | tareh | aillih | kassyh |
3SG.N | tussā | tare | ailli | kassy |
1EX | tussāmē | taremē | aillimē | kassymē |
1IN | tussānti | tarenti | aillinti | kassynti |
2PL | tussāċċhi | tareċċhi | ailliċċhi | kassyċċhi |
3PL | tussāti | tareti | ailliti | kassyti |
Imperfect
Reduplication rules:
- If word begins with C, redup first CV (V is shortened)
Preterite
Person | tussāni "I pray" (a-stem) |
tareni "I bloom, flourish" (e-stem) |
aillini "I love" (i-stem) |
kassyni "I eat" (ablaut stem) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1SG | tussādī | taredī | aillidī | ċēdī |
2SG | tussai | tarī | aillī | ċēvȳ |
3SG.M | tussāmhi | taremhi | aillimhi | ċēmhi |
3SG.F | tussātthi | taretthi | aillitthi | ċētthi |
3SG.N | tussāsa | taresa | aillisa | ċēsa |
1EX | tussāmer | taremer | aillimer | ċēmer |
1IN | tussānter | tarenter | aillinter | ċēnter |
2PL | tussāċċher | tareċċher | ailliċċher | ċēċċher |
3PL | tussāti | tareti | ailliti | ċēter |