Umbrean/Nouns

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Gender

The gender of the nouns in umbrean is not read from the acctual base form of the noun but something inherent and is semantic most of the times. Semantic gender means that the gender of the noun is decieded more or less by what it refers to rather than arbitrarily decieded by the speakers. The gender is decieded through an hierarchical tree of questions.

Living: "Is it alive?" If so it belongs here, these typicly refer to living beings, parts of living things or the like.

Artificial: "is it created by living things?" If so it belongs here, these typicly refer to things made by living things, machines, tools, houses and the like.

Non-moving: "Does the thing remain unmoving yet isn't artificial?" If so it belongs here, these typicly refer to geographical features, natural things that isn't of biological origin, ex stones, mountains, beaches.

Magical: "Does it move despite not being alive or cannot fit elsewhere?" If so it belongs here, these typicly refer to things of magic, things upon the heaven, the untouchable, the unreachable, the abstractions.

Case

Case Desription:
Ergative Ref The grammatical case that identifies the subject of a transitive verb in ergative-absolutive languages
Accusative Acc The grammatical case used to mark the direct object of an transitive verb
Intransitive Int The grammatical case used in some languages to mark the subject of an transitive verb
Postpositional Pst The grammatical case primarely used for postpositional phrases
Reflexive Ref The grammatical case used to define the subject which is acting upon itself and
hence is both subject and object, also used for middle voice

Declension

The manner in which they are declined according to these criterias are through circumfixes[*] which goes at the begining and end of the word, though some circumfixes are nulled on their prefix part or suffix part.

General

This declension paradigm is general and applied to nouns when uncertain of the acctual paradigm


Name Amount
Singular 1
Paucal 2-6
Plural 6<


Vowel Circumfix
Gender→
Case↓
Mag Liv Art Non
Int (e)- -(u) (ee)- -(ü) (yy)- -(ë)
Erg (i)- -(oo) (e)- -(ü)
Acc (o)- -(a) (e)- -(u)
Pst (oo)- -(y) (ö)- -(ëë)
Ref (ü)- -(ii)


Number→ Singular Paucal Plural
State→
Case↓
Indef. Def. Const. Indef. Def. Const. Indef. Def. Const.
Int Ø- -Ø l- -Ø Ø- -tw s- -Ø glj- -t ž- -Ø žl- -Ø dž- -l
Erg Ø- -s tl- -s l- -ff g- -dzj Ø- -zz l- -zw dzj- -tj
Acc m- -Ø ml- -Ø mt- -l ŋŋ- -Ø ŋl- -Ø ŋk- -l nn- -Ø nl- -tj
Pst Ø- -tš šl- -Ø tš- -l ǧØ- -Øtšwl ǧ- -t Ø- -dž dž- -l
Ref f- -l ft- -l vj- -gw vl- -gw ž- -s ž- -sl

Specific

The acctual paradigm depends on the structure of the nouns rather than being arbitrarily decieded.

Subscripted 0 means original form, wether it is normal, palatalized or labialized. tw exist in the original word and is replaced by d0 which would acctually be dw

Subscripted v means Voiced form of the original, s becomes z, f becomes v and so on, s exists in the original nad it says to be replaced with Fv it would become z

Subscripted u means unvoiced form of the original, z becomes s, v becomes f and so on, z exists in the original nad it says to be replaced with Fu it would become s

Subscripted m means match the voiceness of the original, z exists in the original nad it says fm it would become v, which of course that fm and vm is the same.

Bolded ones refer to the original letter in its entirety, P is for plosives, N is for nasals, F is for fricatives, A is for affricatives. so s in the original and then it says F would mean s is put in place of the F

Prefixal

Nasal
Nasal
NV-
Number→ Singular Paucal Plural
State→
Case↓
Indef. Def. Const. Indef. Def. Const. Indef. Def. Const.
Int Ø NlV Ø NsV Ø NžV Ø Ø
Erg Ø Ø NlV Ø Ø NlV NdzjV
Acc mV mlV mtV ŋŋV ŋlV ŋkV nnV nlV
Pst Ø Ø NV NǧV NǧV Ø NV
Ref NfV Ø NvjV Ø NžV NžV


Plosive
Plosive
PV-
Number→ Singular Paucal Plural
Case↓ State→
Origin↓
Indef. Def. Const. Indef. Def. Const. Indef. Def. Const.
Int p Ø PlV Ø s0pV bljV špV Ø Ø
b z0bV žbV
t ts0V d0ljV V džwlV
d dz0V V
k sk0V g0ljV šk0V Ø
g zg0V žg0V
Erg p Ø t0lV PlV kp0V Ø PlV ts0fV
b d0lV gbV dz0vV
t t0lV kt0V ts0V
d d0lV gd0V dz0V
k t0lV kk0V ts0ǧV
g d0lV gg0V dz0ǧV
Acc All mPV Ø mtV ŋPV Ø ŋkV nPV Ø
Pst p Ø Ø tšf0V ǧPV Ø tšf0V
b džvV džvV
t 0lV ts0V ts0V
d 0lV dz0V dz0V
k Ø tšǧV tšǧV
g džǧV džǧV
Ref p fp0V Ø fjpV Ø špV
b vb0V vjbV žbV
t ft0V fjt0V št0V
d vd0V vjd0V žd0V
k fk0V fjk0V šk0V
g vg0V vjg0V žg0V
Fricatives
Fricative
FV-
Number→ Singular Paucal Plural
Case↓ State→
Origin↓
Indef. Def. Const. Indef. Def. Const. Indef. Def. Const.
Int f Ø f0lV Ø sf0V Ø ž- - žl- - dž- -l
v v0lV zv0V- - ž- - žl- - dž- -l
s s0lV ss0V ž- - žl- - dž- -l
z z0lV zz0V ž- - žl- - dž- -l
š š0lV 0V ž- - žl- - dž- -l
ž ž0lV 0V ž- - žl- - dž- -l
ǧ ǧ0lV 0V ž- - žl- - dž- -l
Erg f - -s tl- -s l- -ff g- -dzj - -zz l- -zw dzj- -tj
v - -s tl- -s l- -ff g- -dzj - -zz l- -zw dzj- -tj
s - -s tl- -s l- -ff g- -dzj - -zz l- -zw dzj- -tj
z - -s tl- -s l- -ff g- -dzj - -zz l- -zw dzj- -tj
š - -s tl- -s l- -ff g- -dzj - -zz l- -zw dzj- -tj
ž - -s tl- -s l- -ff g- -dzj - -zz l- -zw dzj- -tj
ǧ - -s tl- -s l- -ff g- -dzj - -zz l- -zw dzj- -tj
Acc f m- - ml- - mt- -l ŋŋ- - ŋl- - ŋk- -l nn- - nl- -tj
v m- - ml- - mt- -l ŋŋ- - ŋl- - ŋk- -l nn- - nl- -tj
s m- - ml- - mt- -l ŋŋ- - ŋl- - ŋk- -l nn- - nl- -tj
z m- - ml- - mt- -l ŋŋ- - ŋl- - ŋk- -l nn- - nl- -tj
š m- - ml- - mt- -l ŋŋ- - ŋl- - ŋk- -l nn- - nl- -tj
ž m- - ml- - mt- -l ŋŋ- - ŋl- - ŋk- -l nn- - nl- -tj
ǧ m- - ml- - mt- -l ŋŋ- - ŋl- - ŋk- -l nn- - nl- -tj
Pst f - -tš šl- - tš- -l ǧ- -tšwl ǧ- -t - -dž dž- -l
v - -tš šl- - tš- -l ǧ- -tšwl ǧ- -t - -dž dž- -l
s - -tš šl- - tš- -l ǧ- -tšwl ǧ- -t - -dž dž- -l
z - -tš šl- - tš- -l ǧ- -tšwl ǧ- -t - -dž dž- -l
š - -tš šl- - tš- -l ǧ- -tšwl ǧ- -t - -dž dž- -l
ž - -tš šl- - tš- -l ǧ- -tšwl ǧ- -t - -dž dž- -l
ǧ - -tš šl- - tš- -l ǧ- -tšwl ǧ- -t - -dž dž- -l
Ref f f- -l ft- -l vj- -gw vl- -gw ž- -s ž- -sl
v f- -l ft- -l vj- -gw vl- -gw ž- -s ž- -sl
s f- -l ft- -l vj- -gw vl- -gw ž- -s ž- -sl
z f- -l ft- -l vj- -gw vl- -gw ž- -s ž- -sl
š f- -l ft- -l vj- -gw vl- -gw ž- -s ž- -sl
ž f- -l ft- -l vj- -gw vl- -gw ž- -s ž- -sl
ǧ f- -l ft- -l vj- -gw vl- -gw ž- -s ž- -sl

Postfixal