User:Ponzai/Sast
A language created for personal practice and potential inclusion in the Conglomera project.
Background
Phonology
Consonants
Consonants | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bilabial | Labio-dental | Dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
Plosive | p b | t̪ d̪ | t d | k g | |||
Fricative | f v | θ ð | s | ç1 ʝ | ɧ2 | h | |
Lateral fri. | ɬ | ||||||
Flap or tap | ⱱ | ɾ |
1. Is in some dialects replaced with the voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant /ʃ/
2. Is in some dialects replaced with the normal velar fricative /x/.
Vowels
Vowels | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Front | Central | Back | |||||
Close | i | ɨ | |||||
Open-mid | ɔ | ||||||
Near-open | æ | ||||||
Open | a |
The proto-language contains no diphthongs, though several derived languages do.
Phonotactics
Syllabic Structure
C=Consonant
V=Vowel
F=Fricative
P=Plosive
All syllables have the following structure
- (F)C(V)V((F)P)
Orthography
Orthography | |
---|---|
IPA | Romanized |
p | P p |
b | B b |
t̪ | Tt tt |
d̪ | Dd dd |
t | T t |
d | D d |
k | K k |
g | G g |
f | F f |
v | V v |
θ | Tz tz |
ð | Th th |
s | S s |
ç | Ss ss |
ʝ | Z z |
ɧ | Sj sj |
h | H h |
ɬ | L l |
ⱱ | W w |
ɾ | R r |
i | I i |
ɨ | U u |
ɔ | O o |
æ | E e |
a | A a |
Grammar
Nouns
Gender
Sast nouns belong to one of four genders:
- Inanimate - Objects that seem to contain no form of life, like stone.
- Feminine - Animate objects that seem feminine in nature, such as women, or doors.
- Masculine - Animate objects that seem masculine in nature, such as men, or lighthouses.
- Spiritual - Both objects that seem to be supernatural in nature and abstract nouns belong to this gender. Examples being love, fire, or deities.
Nouns inflect differently based on gender, and verbs inflect for the gender of the subject.
Case
Sast nouns are written differently in two cases.
- Nominative
- Accusative
Subjects are writting in nominative form, whereas both accusative and dative objects are written in accusative form.
The case of a noun affects its suffix in most cases.
Generally, the accusative contains fricatives, while the nominative does not. This is however not always the case.
Number
Noun suffixes | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender↓ | Case | |||||
Nominative | Accusative | |||||
Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Inanimate | - | -ad | -at | -a | -ab | -ap |
Feminine | -u | -udd | -usjk | -usst | -ussd | -ulk |
Masculine | -usk | -usg | -isk | -isg | ||
Spiritual | -e | -eg | -ef | -efg |
Pronouns
Personal pronouns
Interogative and relative pronouns
Indefinite pronouns
Verbs
Adjectives
Adverbs Particles Derivational morphology