Verse:Mwail/Quququqquq
In Angai, Quququqquq (/ku:ku:'kʊkkʊk/, natively quququqquq qaqqaäa /kùkùkùkːùk kàkːàáà/ [kʰùvūvūkūɰˀ kʰàkǣǽǣ]) is the most phonologically minimalistic Kawenic language, with just one consonant /k/, two vowels /u a/, and two tones (high, Romanized ä ü and low, Romanized a u). It originated in the island nation of Quqqaäa (lit. 'the Commons', pronounced /'kʊkə/ in English). Today it has official status in Quqqaäa, Aqqaüqüququq (lit. 'Society of Friends'), and the Alliance.
Quququqquq grammar is mainly inspired by Finnic languages. Like Estonian, Quququqquq is a partially fusionalized agglutinative language with a large noun case system.
Quququqquq is the lingua franca of modern Angai.
Todo
auääuauüuauüq - a word like õueaiaäär
The Quququqquq-speaking world
Quqqaäa
The official name of the country is Quqqaäau Uqaqaüquaqquq (Republic of the Commons). It is an eco-fascist country controlling most of the natively Kawenic-speaking area. It is allied with Furnifoo against Āínkiīaánịạkàì theocracies.
Aqqaüqüququq (Philopolis)
Aqqaüqüququq, also called Philopolis in English, is a Liberal democracy unlike Quqqaäa.
It plays a pivotal role in Timeline 3: to the rest of Angai, Aqqaüqüququq is regarded as very ethically progressive and a role model for society, especially in the way they're able to stand up to Quqqaäa (and threats of annexation)
Alliance
Differences between Quqqaäan, Philopolitan, and Alliance Quququqquq
History
Old Quququqquq had two consonants /t k/. After an epidemic hit, speakers could only communicate in a whistled form of the language, which didn't distinguish between the two consonants. When they later developed a written language based on this, the distinction was thus lost. Words that became homophonous were distinguished by compounding and derivation.
Phonology
Allophony
Phonotactics
Initial q must be followed by a vowel
Geminate q may occur after a vowel, including word-finally
Any sequence of vowels/tones are allowed, except äää/aaa/üüü/uuu
Morphology
Nouns and adjectives
Quququqquq nouns and adjectives have 17 cases:
- nominative: the syntactic subject of any verb, intransitive or transitive
- genitive: the possessor of a noun, or the semantic patient of a verb (the noun that undergoes change as a result of a transitive verb)
- partitive: an object of a transitive verb that is not semantically a patient
- illative: 'into'
- inessive: 'in, inside'
- elative: 'out of'
- allative: 'towards; recipient of an act of giving'
- adessive: 'at, by, next to'
- X-ADE qaü Y-NOM is used for 'X has Y': Qauaqqüqua qaü qüqququqau 'Qauaqquq has a cuckoo'
- ablative: 'from; a person from whom something is taken, stolen, etc. from'
Inflection
Nouns and adjectives have four principal parts:
- I: nominative singular (never ends in -qq)
- II: genitive singular (never ends in -q)
- III: genitive plural (often but not always ends in -qa; never ends in -q)
- IV: partitive plural (always ends in -q; sometimes III+q but not always)
Given principal parts nouns are declined as follows:
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | I | II-q |
| genitive | II | III |
| partitive | I-q | IV |
| illative | II-ü | III-ü |
| inessive | II-qqu | III-qqu |
| elative | II-qqüq | III-qqüq |
| allative | II-qua | III-qua |
| adessive | II-qqa | III-qqa |
| ablative | II-qqäq | III-qqäq |
| translative | II-ququ | III-ququ |
| terminative | II-quaä | III-quaä |
| durative | II-quqqü | III-quqqü |
| essive | II-qaua | III-qaua |
| exessive | II-qauäq | III-qauäq |
| comitative | II-qqäqu | III-qqäqu |
| abessive | II-uqqau | III-uqqau |
| instructive | II-qqaqqu | III-qqaqqu |
Examples:
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Verbs
Unlike nouns and adjectives, most verbs have an unchanging stem. There are only two irregular verbs in the language: qaüqa 'to be' and quüqquqa 'to go'.
Quququqquq verbs have several differences from Standard Average European:
- negative verb that marks TAM
- emphatic forms are used to emphasize the subject, instead of subject pronouns (cf. Old Irish)
- impersonal forms
Infinitives end in -uqa or -üqa depending on the verb. The connegative form (the form used after the negative verb) is always identical to the 2sg imperative except in irregular verbs.
The suffix -uqqaqq can optionally be added to plural verb forms. The pragmatics of -uqqaqq are:
- inclusive when used with 1st person
- plural (rather than respectful) when used with 2nd person
- distanced/obviative/"the crowd" when used with 3rd person
Regular -uqa verbs
| indicative mood | imperative mood | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nonpast | past | nonpast emphatic | past emphatic | ||||||||
| per. | no. | affirmative | negative | affirmative | negative | affirmative | negative | affirmative | negative | affirmative | negative |
| 1st | sg. | quqüäqau | äau quqüäqa | quqüäqää | äqqau quqüäqa | quqüäqauqqa | äqauqqa quqüäqa | quqüäqääuqqa | äqqauqqa quqüäqa | - | - |
| 2nd | quqüäqu | äu quqüäqa | quqüäqäqu | äqqu quqüäqa | quqüäqqä | äqäqqä quqüäqa | quqüäqäqqä | äqqäqqä quqüäqa | quqüäqa | äua quqüäqa | |
| 3rd | quqüäquq | äa quqüäqa | quqüäqä | äqq quqüäqa | quqüäquqqa | äqaquqqa quqüäqa | quqüäqäqqa | äqqaqqa quqüäqa | quqüäqqaq | äuqaq quqüäqa | |
| 1st | pl. | quqüäqaüq | äqaüq quqüäqa | quqüäqäaüq | äqqauq quqüäqa | quqüäqaüquqq | äqaüquqq quqüäqa | quqüäqäaüquqq | äqqaüquqq quqüäqa | quqüäqqaüq | äuqaüq quqüäqa |
| 2nd | quqüäququq | äququq quqüäqa | quqüäqäuquq | äqququq quqüäqa | quqüäquququqq | äquququqq quqüäqa | quqüäqäuququqq | äqquququqq quqüäqa | quqüäqqü | äuqü quqüäqa | |
| 3rd | quqüäqüüq | äqüüq quqüäqa | quqüäqäüüq | äqqüüq quqüäqa | quqüäqüüquqq | äqauqq quqüäqa | quqüäqäüüquqq | äqqauqq quqüäqa | quqüäqqaq | äuqaq quqüäqa | |
| impersonal | quqüäqua | äqua quqüäqa | quqüäqäua | äqqua quqüäqa | - | - | - | - | quqüäqqua | äuqua quqüäqa | |
Regular -üqa verbs
-üqa results from assimilation of a stem ending in -u- + -uqa. The rule u-u -> ü is applied whenever a suffix begins with u.
| indicative mood | imperative mood | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nonpast | past | nonpast emphatic | past emphatic | ||||||||
| per. | no. | affirmative | negative | affirmative | negative | affirmative | negative | affirmative | negative | affirmative | negative |
| 1st | sg. | auäqquau | äau auäqqua | auäqquää | äqqau auäqqua | auäqquauqqa | äqauqqa auäqqua | auäqquääuqqa | äqqauqqa auäqqua | - | - |
| 2nd | auäqqü | äu auäqqua | auäqquäqu | äqqu auäqqua | auäqquqä | äqäqqä auäqqua | auäqquäqqä | äqqäqqä auäqqua | auäqqua | äua auäqqua | |
| 3rd | auäqqüq | äa auäqqua | auäqquä | äqq auäqqua | auäqqüqqa | äqaquqqa auäqqua | auäqquäqqa | äqqaqqa auäqqua | auäqquqaq | äuqaq auäqqua | |
| 1st | pl. | auäqquaüq | äqaüq auäqqua | auäqquäaüq | äqqauq auäqqua | auäqquaüquqq | äqaüquqq auäqqua | auäqquäaüquqq | äqqaüquqq auäqqua | auäqquqaüq | äuqaüq auäqqua |
| 2nd | auäqqüquq | äququq auäqqua | auäqquäuquq | äqququq auäqqua | auäqqüququqq | äquququqq auäqqua | auäqquäuququqq | äqquququqq auäqqua | auäqquü | äuqü auäqqua | |
| 3rd | auäqquüüq | äqüüq auäqqua | auäqquäüüq | äqqüüq auäqqua | auäqquüüquqq | äqauqq auäqqua | auäqquäüüquqq | äqqauqq auäqqua | auäqquqaq | äuqaq auäqqua | |
| impersonal | auäqqüa | äqua auäqqua | auäqquäua | äqqua auäqqua | - | - | - | - | auäqququa | äuqaua auäqqua | |
qaüqa 'to be'
quüqquqa 'to go'
This verb uses the stem aqäaq- in the indicative mood and the stem quüqq- in the imperative mood.
| indicative mood | imperative mood | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nonpast | past | nonpast emphatic | past emphatic | ||||||||
| per. | no. | affirmative | negative | affirmative | negative | affirmative | negative | affirmative | negative | affirmative | negative |
| 1st | sg. | aqäaqau | äau aqäaqa | aqäaqää | äqqau aqäaqa | aqäaqauqqa | äqauqqa aqäaqa | aqäaqääuqqa | äqqauqqa aqäaqa | - | - |
| 2nd | aqäaqu | äu aqäaqa | aqäaqäqu | äqqu aqäaqa | aqäaqqä | äqäqqä aqäaqa | aqäaqäqqä | äqqäqqä aqäaqa | quüqqa | äua quüqqa | |
| 3rd | aqäaquq | äa aqäaqa | aqäaqä | äqq aqäaqa | aqäaquqqa | äqaquqqa aqäaqa | aqäaqäqqa | äqqaqqa aqäaqa | quüqqaq | äuqaq quüqqa | |
| 1st | pl. | aqäaqaüq | äqaüq aqäaqa | aqäaqäaüq | äqqauq aqäaqa | aqäaqaüquqq | äqaüquqq aqäaqa | aqäaqäaüquqq | äqqaüquqq aqäaqa | quüqqaüq | äuqaüq quüqqa |
| 2nd | aqäaququq | äququq aqäaqa | aqäaqäuquq | äqququq aqäaqa | aqäaquququqq | äquququqq aqäaqa | aqäaqäuququqq | äqquququqq aqäaqa | quüqqü | äuqü quüqqa | |
| 3rd | aqäaqüüq | äqüüq aqäaqa | aqäaqäüüq | äqqüüq aqäaqa | aqäaqüüquqq | äqauqq aqäaqa | aqäaqäüüquqq | äqqauqq aqäaqa | quüqqaq | äuqaq quüqqa | |
| impersonal | aqäaqua | äqua aqäaqa | aqäaqäua | äqqua aqäaqa | - | - | - | - | quüqqua | äuqua quüqqa | |
Pronouns
Personal pronouns have no nominative forms; emphatic forms of verbs are used instead to emphasize a pronominal subject.
Pronouns have emphatic forms too.
- quqüü 'who, what'
Derivation
Phrasebook
- Uu. 'Yes.'
- Aäa. 'No.'