Ceticilian Cet
Ceticilian Cet is a variant of Cet specifically developed for and maintained by a community called Ceticilia. It is supposed to be a compact, fairly logical and culturally important language to be used in Ceticilia for both cultural and procedural issues. Its vocabulary is mostly derived from West Germanic roots, with a few loanwords from Turkish, Arabic, Hungarian and grammar inspired mostly by that of Hungarian and Turkish.
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Coronal | Palatal | Dorsal | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||||
| Stop | p | b | t | d | t͡ʃ | d͡ʒ | k | ɡ |
| Fricative | f | v | θ | ð | h | |||
| Sibilant | s | z | ʃ | ʒ | ||||
| Approximant | w | l | j | |||||
| Rhotic | r | |||||||
Vowels
| Short | Long | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Front | Cent. | Back | Front | Back | |
| Close | ɪ | ʊ | iː | uː | |
| Mid | ɛ | ə | ɔ | ɛɪ | ɔʊ |
| Open | ä | ai | ɑː | ||
Morphology
Ceticilian Cet's morphology is highly agglutinative, rendering smooth transitions between adjectives, nouns and verbs. Parts of speech may take on each other's role by affixation and word order.
Syntax
Constituent order
The most basic word order of Ceticilian Cet is Subject-Predicate-Object. Unlike English, the word order remains in questions and most relative clauses. Pronouns may be omitted in both subject and object position, if permitted by redundancy in the predicate.
Cases
Case endings marked in bold are required to replace the vowel of the root words with their own in case that word ends in a vowel sound.
Case endings with a () around a vowel may have that vowel omitted if easily pronounceable.
| Case | Front | Back | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | - | - | Subject |
| Accusative | - | - | Direct object |
| Genitive | -(e)s | -(o)s | Possessor, Relation |
| Instrumental | -(e)m | -(o)m | Using |
| Vocative | -a | Calling a name | |
| Dative | -(e)t | -(o)t | Recipient, Direction to |
| Ablative | -ex | -ox | Sender, Direction from |
| Adessive | -é | -ó | By something or someone |
| Perlative | -í | -ú | Through something, Via |
| Locative | -(e)n | -(o)n | In something, on something |
Tenses
In their most basic form, the tenses of Ceticilian Cet are derived from noun cases regarding motion to and from. On top of the basic tenses there are a few grammatical aspects specifying how verbs act over time.
| Past | Present | Future | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Simple | -ex/-ox | - | -(e)t/(o)t |
| Progressive | -eŋx/oŋx | -(e)ŋ/(o)ŋ | -teŋ/toŋ |
| Habitual | -éx/óx | -é/ó | -ét/ót |