Verse:Irta/An Indo-Iranian branch
Irta/An Indo-Iranian branch (d'allemañische sprâçe /d‿al.me.ɲis p˭jɔːs/) is a West Germanic language spoken in Lõis's Germany, Switzerland and Austria.
Numbers: ein, ßwei, drî, feaur, finf, sechs, siben, acht, neun, ßên /eɪ̯ŋ, swe, dyi, føː, fiːf, θeː, θə.bu, aɪ̯ʔ, nyŋ, saʊŋ/
Adjectives: predicative -0, attributive -e
- Der ist starc /deː i t˭ajʔ/ 'he is strong'
- ein starce Mañ /ə t˭ɛːk me/ 'a strong man'
Cl = /Cw/?
r = /j/; cr, gr = /tɕ, dʑ/; c, g, ch + front vowel = /s, z, s/; ch = /x/
s = /θ/; ß = /s/; sch = /sʰ/
(sc)hm, (sc)hn, (sc)hl, (sc)hr /m̥, n̥, l̥, ʃ/
- hlauß /l̥os/ = lot, fate
a = /a/, â = /aʊ/, âr = /aɪ/, au, aun = /o~oʊ/
e = /ɛ/ (/ə/ in unstressed syllables), ê = /aɪ/, eau, eaun = /ø/
eu = /y/
é, en, én = /e~eɪ/
i = /ə/
î, in = /i/
u, un, an = /ɔ/
û = /u/
Final stops become glottal stops after a vowel, vanish otherwise
Verbs:
Infinitive:
- machen /maxu/
Imperative:
- 2sg: mache /max/
- 2pl: machet /max/
Present tense:
- ich mache /əx max/
- du maches /du max/
- der/deu/eß machet /deː max/
- wir machons /wiː maxu/
- irleu machet /ily max/
- deul machent /dyl max/
Past tense:
- ich ha gemacht /əx hagəmax/
- du has gemacht /du hak˭əmax/
- der/deu/eß hat gemacht /deː hak˭əmax/
- wir hans gemacht /weː hɔŋəmax/
- irleu hat gemacht /ily hak˭əmax/
- deul hant gemacht /dyl hɔŋəmax/
Question marker: ist'ß daß = /it˭as/
Todo
- de Deaumout /dø.moʊʔ/ = meekness, humility
Phonology
Orthography
Consonants
| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | voiceless | /m̊/ | /n̊/ | ||||
| voiced | /m/ | /n/ | /ɲ/ | /ŋ/ | |||
| Stop | aspirated | /pʰ/ | /tʰ/ | /tɕʰ/ | /kʰ/ | /ʔ/ | |
| voiced | /b/ | /d/ | /d͡ʑ/ | /g/ | |||
| tense | /p˭/ | /t˭/ | /tɕ˭/ | [k˭] | |||
| Fricative | voiceless | /f/ | /θ/ | /s/ | /ʃ/ | /x/ | /h/ |
| voiced | /v/ | [ð] | /z/ | ||||
| aspirated | /sʰ/ | ||||||
| Approximant | voiceless | /w̥/ | /l̥/ | ||||
| voiced | /w/ | /l/ | /j/ | ||||
Vowels
vowels: /a ə i u y ɔ~aʊ ɛ~aɪ e~eɪ o~oʊ ø~øy/, ~ denotes alternation.
The Allemañisch alternation is conditioned by the following rule:
- diphthongs before /ʔ, s, ŋ/ OR before nasals
- monophthongs otherwise?
The alternants are marginally phonemic, e.g. before consonants that don't alternate like /l, x/.
It originally came from the rule "diphthongs in closed syllables, monophthongs in open syllables" (plus diphthongization before /n, s/). This alternation operates after r, -nj > j and attendant vowel coloring.
Prosody
Stress
Intonation
Phonotactics
Morphophonology
Liaison
Alternations upon suffixation
Morphology
Nouns
Indefinite article:
- ein, einß, et /eɪŋ, eɪs, aɪʔ~ɛ.tʰ‿-/ (c.sg., n.sg., pl)
- de/d', deß, deu /də, dəs, dy/ (c.sg., n.sg., pl.)
Common nouns: -0/-e, -er
- de Frau, deu Frauer /də fjo, dy fjoji/ 'woman'
- de Hrabe, deu Hraber /də ʃap, dy ʃabi/ 'raven'
Neuter nouns: -0, -e
- deß Çind, deu Çinde /də siŋʔ, dy sint/ 'child'
Irregular nouns:
- Name, Namen /nɔm, nɔmu/ 'name'
Pronouns
The personal pronouns are as follows:
| case | 1sg. | 2sg. | 3sg. | 1pl. | 2pl. | 3pl. | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 'he' | 'she' | 'it' (c.) | 'it' (n.) | ||||||
| nom. | ich /əx/ |
du /du/ |
her /he/ |
heu /hy/ |
en /iŋ, əŋ/ |
eß /is, əs/ |
wir /wi/ |
irleu /ily/ |
deul /dyl/ |
| obj. | mir /mi/ |
dir /di/ |
him /hiŋ/ |
hir /hi/ |
uns /u/ |
euch /yx/ |
deim /deɪŋ/ | ||
| poss. | mîn /miŋ/ |
dîn /diŋ/ |
sîn /θiŋ/ |
unser /uθi/ |
eucher /yxi/ |
deier /deji, de/ | |||
mîn, dîn, sîn are inflected as follows:
- sg. common mîn /miŋ~mi.n‿-/, sg. neuter mînß /mis~mi.z‿-/, pl. mîne /min/