Kwenya Greek

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Kwenya (Κοινη) is a Finnic-influenced Hellenic language.


Introduction

Phonology

Orthography

Consonants

  • μ ν γγ = /m n ŋ/ (γκ γχ = /ŋk ŋkʰ/)
  • π τ κ = /p t k/
  • β δ = /b d/
  • φ θ χ = /pʰ tʰ kʰ/
  • σ γ = /s h/
  • ζ = /z/
  • ϝ ρ λ = /w ɾ l/

Vowels

α ε ι ο υ η ω αι ει ευ ια ιο οι ου = /a ə i o wi ja u e i ju ja jo we ɨ/ a ë i o wi ya u e i yu ya yo we ũ

Prosody

Stress

Stress is always initial.

Intonation

Phonotactics

Morphophonology

Morphology

Nouns

nom/acc/gen/voc + Finnic-style cases. No articles or gender due to Finnic influence.

Principal parts: nominative, accusative, genitive, vocative singular; nominative, accusative, genitive plural.

Direct objects of a negated verb are in the genitive.

γλωσσα 'tongue, language'
Singular Plural
Nominative γλωσσα
hlusa
γλωσσαι
hluse
Vocative γλωσσα!
hlusa!
γλωσσαι!
hluse!
Accusative γλωσσαν
hlusan
γλωσσαρ
hlusar
Genitive γλωσσαρ
hlusar
γλωσσων
hlusun
Illative γλωσσανειρ
hlusanir
γλωσσαρειρ
hlusarir
Inessive γλωσσανδο
hlusando
γλωσσωνενδο
hlusunëndo
Elative γλωσσαξε
hlusaksë
γλωσσωνεξε
hlusunëksë
Adessive γλωσσαρειτ
hlusarit
γλωσσωνειτ
hlusunit
Allative γλωσσαβαι
hlusabe
γλωσσωμβαι
hlusumbe
Ablative γλωσσαμπο
hlusampo
γλωσσαπο
hlusapo
Instrumental γλωσσαδω
hlusadu
γλωσσωνδω
hlusundu
Essive γλωσσαπρε
hlusaprë
γλωσσωμπρε
hlusumprë
Translative γλωσσανειν
hlusanin
γλωσσαρειν
hlusarin
Abessive γλωσσαχω
hlusakhu
γλωσσωγχω
hlusankhu
Comitative γλωσσαμε
hlusamë
γλωσσωμμε
hlusummë

οικορ 'house'
Singular Plural
Nominative οικορ
wekor
οικοι
wekwe
Vocative οικε!
wekë!
οικοι!
wekwe!
Accusative οικον
wekon
οικουρ
wekũr
Genitive οικου
wekũ
οικων
wekun
Illative οικονειρ
wekonir
οικουρειρ
wekũrir
Inessive οικουνδο
wekũndo
οικωνενδο
wekunëndo
Elative οικουξε
wekũksë
οικωνεξε
wekunëksë
Adessive οικουρειτ
wekũrit
οικωνειτ
wekunit
Allative οικουβαι
wekũbe
οικωμβαι
wekumbe
Ablative οικομπο
wekompo
οικουπο
wekũpo
Instrumental οικουδω
wekũdu
οικωνδω
wekundu
Essive οικουπρε
wekũprë
οικωμπρε
wekumprë
Translative οικονειν
wekonin
οικουρειν
wekũrin
Abessive οικουχω
wekũkhu
οικωγχω
wekunkhu
Comitative οικουμε
wekũmë
οικωμμε
wekummë

δωρον 'gift'
Singular Plural
Nominative δωρον
duron
δωρα
dura
Vocative δωρον!
duron!
δωρα!
dura!
Accusative δωρον
duron
δωρα
dura
Genitive δωρου
durũ
δωρων
durun
Illative δωρονειρ
duronir
δωραρειρ
durarir
Inessive δωρουνδο δωρωνενδο
Elative δωρουξε δωρωνεξε
Adessive δωρουειτ δωρωνειτ
Allative δωρουβαι δωρωμβαι
Ablative δωρομπο δωραπο
Instrumental δωρουδω δωρωνδω
Essive δωρουπρε δωρωμπρε
Translative δωρονειν δωραρειν
Abessive δωρουχω δωρωγχω
Comitative δωρουμε δωρωμμε

πολιρ 'city'
Singular Plural
Nominative πολιρ πολερ
Vocative πολι! πολερ!
Accusative πολιν πολερ
Genitive πολιωρ πολιων
Illative πολινειρ πολερειρ
Inessive πολιωνδο πολιωνενδο
Elative πολιωξε πολιωνεξε
Adessive πολιωρειτ πολιωνειτ
Allative πολιωβαι πολιωμβαι
Ablative πολιμπο πολεπο
Instrumental πολιωδω πολιωνδω
Essive πολιωπρε πολιωμπρε
Translative πολινειν πολερειν
Abessive πολιωχω πολιωγχω
Comitative πολιωμε πολιωμμε


Adjectives

καλορ 'good' (1st/2nd decl.)
Singular Plural
Attributive καλ(ο)-
kal(o)-
Predicative (male) καλορ
kalor
καλοι
kalwe
Predicative (female) καλη
kalya
καλαι
kale
Predicative (inanimate) καλον
kalon
καλα
kala

ευγενηρ 'polite' (3nd decl.)
Singular Plural
Attributive ευγεν(ο)-
yuhën(o)-
Predicative (male) ευγενηρ
yuhënyar
ευγενειρ
yuhënir
Predicative (female) ευγενηρ
yuhënyar
ευγενειρ
yuhënir
Predicative (inanimate) ευγενερ
yuhënër
ευγενη
yuhënya


Verbs

Principal parts: present stem, past stem

φαγων 'eat' - present active
Singular Plural
male φαγων
phahun
φαγοντερ
phahontër
female φαγουρα
phahũra
φαγουραι
phahũre
inanimate φαγον
phahon
φαγοντα
phahonta

φαγων 'eat' - past active
Singular Plural
male φαγαρ
phahar
φαγαντερ
phahantër
female φαγαρα
phahara
φαγαραι
phahare
inanimate φαγαν
phahan
φαγαντα
phahanta


φαγων 'eat' - present passive
Singular Plural
male φαγομενορ
phahomënor
φαγομενοι
phahomënwe
female φαγομενη
phahomënya
φαγομεναι
phahomëne
inanimate φαγομενον
phahomënon
φαγομενα
phahomëna

φαγων 'eat' - past passive
Singular Plural
male φαγαμενορ
phahomënor
φαγαμενοι
phahomënwe
female φαγαμενη
phahomënya
φαγαμεναι
phahomëne
inanimate φαγαμενον
phahomënon
φαγαμενα
phahomëna


φαγων 'eat' - imperative
Singular Plural
active φαγε!
phahë!
φαγετε!
phahëtë!
passive φαγου!
phahũ
φαγεστε!
phahëstë!

Numbers

All numbers are indeclinable:

1-10: ën, dwi, trya, tëttar, pënta, ësta, ëpta, ohta, ënnya, dëka

11-20: ëndyutru, dwidyutru, tridyutru, tëttardyutru, pëntadyutru, ëstadyutru, ... ikori (< hen deuterou, dyo deuterou, ... "one of the second [ten], two of the second [ten], ..." cf. Estonian üks·teist, kaks·teist, ...)

100: ëkaton

1000: khilya

Syntax

Constituent order

Kwenya is completely head-final.

Noun phrase

Verb phrase

Sentence phrase

Dependent clauses

Example texts

Other resources