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Humpback Whelsh (Mór-fîl) is a tonal language with a Welsh aesthetic. It is meant to be spoken in Humpback Wales, and Old Humpback Whelsh has lent some words to Tigal. It is an in-universe conlang in Verse:Tricin.
Phonology
Consonants
Humpback Whelsh uses these consonants:
| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Palatal | Velar | Labiovelar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | voiceless | mh /m̥/ | nh /n̥/ | ngh /ŋ̊/ | |||||
| voiced | m /m/ | n /n/ | ng /ŋ/ | ngw /ŋʷ/ | |||||
| Plosive | aspirated | p /pʰ/ | t /tʰ/ | c /kʰ/ | |||||
| unaspirated | b /p/ | d /t/ | g /k/ | gw /kʷ/ | |||||
| Fricative | voiceless | ff, ph /f/ | th /θ/ | s /s/ | si /ʃ/ | ch /χ/ | chw /xʷ/ | h /h/ | |
| voiced | f /v/ | dd /ð/ | |||||||
| Trill | voiceless | rh /r̥/ | |||||||
| voiced | r /r/ | ||||||||
| Approximant | voiceless | ll /l̥~ɬ/ | |||||||
| voiced | l /l/ | i /j/ | w /w/ | ||||||
Unlike in Welsh, the consonants written mh nh ngh are true voiceless nasals.
Finals
Humpback Whelsh allows these finals: -b, -d, -g, -m, -n, -ng, -l and -r. The first three are unreleased stops /-p̚ -t̚ -k̚/.
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i /i/ | y /ɨ/ | w /w/ |
| Mid | e /e/ | (ə) | o /o/ |
| Open | a /a/ |
| Diphthongs | Second component | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| First component | front | central | back |
| close | wy /ʊi/ | iw /ɪu/, yw /ɨu/ | |
| mid | ei /əi/, oe /ɔi/ | eu /əɨ/ | ew /ɛu/ |
| open | ae /aɨ, ɑːɨ/ | aw /au/ | |
Tones
Humpback Whelsh has four contrastive tones: level, rising, falling and peaking.
| Tone | Example | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Level | llyr (blow) | /ɬɨr˧/ | |
| Rising | séng (place) | /seŋ˨˥/ | |
| Falling | chà (assist) | /xa˨˩/ | May be slightly creaky voiced. |
| Peaking | rhêud (pebble) | /r̥eɨt̚˦˥˩/ | |
Numbers
0. ngéud 1. ỳd 2. cêng 3. rhâw 4. nod 5. thẁy 6. lleb 7. sèun 8. fen 9. llawr 10. hwr 11. chwàed 12. góed 144. máe 1728. ddẃyl 1728^2. óng