Bearlandic: Difference between revisions

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* Dē jaggter '''will''' dē konin '''sgitē'''.
* Dē jaggter '''will''' dē konin '''sgitē'''.


In subordinate clauses there are generally the same two possibilities:
Note the use of a ''byform'' in the second sentence. In subordinate clauses there are generally the same two possibilities:


* Ig wet dass dē jaggter '''sgit''' dē konin. (I know the hunter shoots the rabbit.)
* Ig wet dass dē jaggter '''sgit''' dē konin. (I know the hunter shoots the rabbit.)

Revision as of 19:32, 26 September 2013

Bearlandic
Bʉrnlannts
Pronunciation[/ˈbœːrnlɑnːts/]
Created by
Native speakersApproximately 20 million (2653)
Iropo-Antilonian languages
  • Berilonian languages
    • Western Berilonian languages
      • Bearlandic
  • Bearlandic
Early form
Old Bearlandic
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.


Background

Bearlandic (Bʉrnlannts, IPA: /ˈbœːrnlɑnːts/) is one of many languages of the planet which is called Virrolt in Bearlandic. The language belongs to the Berilonian language family, which in its turn is a branch of the Iropo-Antilonian language family.



Phonology

Consonants

Bilabial Labio-dental Alveolar Post-alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m /m/ n /n/ ng /ŋ/
Plosive p b /p b/ t d /t d/ k q /k kʷ/
Fricative f v /f v/ s z /s z/ (ʃ) (ç) g /x ~ ɣ/ h /h/
Approximant w /ʋ/ j /j/
Trill r /r/
Lateral app. l /l/

In some dialects /ʃ/ and /ç/ occur as allophones of /s/ and /x ~ ɣ/. The latter is often slightly fronted or palatalized in the standard dialect.

All consonants except /b d ŋ kʷ v z h/ can be geminated.

Vowels

Front Near-front Central Near-back Back
Close i u /i y/ ú /u/
Near-close i u /ɪ ʏ/
Close-mid e /e/ o /o/
Mid e /ə/
Open-mid e ʉ /ɛ œ/ o /ɔ/
Near-open
Open a /a/ a /ɑ/


Bearlandic distinguishes "short" (ɑ ɛ ɪ ɔ ʏ) and "long" (a e i o y) vowels. However, the "long" vowels are actually only pronounced long when they're stressed. Ú and Ʉ (/u/ and /œ/) are usually considered to be neither short nor long, but are, just like the "long" vowels, pronounced long when they're stressed (except when followed by a geminated consonant) and short otherwise.

There are two diphthongs: y, pronounced /ɛɪ̯/ and au, pronounced /aʊ̯/.

Phonotactics

Orthography

Most of the orthography is clear from the tables above, however, the way "short" and "long" vowels are distinguished isn't. "Short" vowels are indicated by doubling the following consonant (which indeed is geminated). If there is no consonant to double (=if the vowel is at the end of a word), a macron is used to indicate its "shortness".

Morphology

Nouns

Nouns don't have cases or genders, only numbers. The plural is usually made by adding -s to the end of the word. If it already ends in -s, -enn is added instead. However, a few nouns don't follow these rules and add -er instead, or don't change at all.

Adjectives

The comparative is formed by adding -err to the end of the adjective, while the superlative ends in -iss. If the adjective ends in a vowel, a -t- is inserted between the stem and the ending.

Verbs

Regular verbs

"walk" "shoot"
Present lop sgit
Past lop-ti sgit-i
Perfect gi-lop-t gi-sgit
Byform lop-ē sgit-ē
Present participle lop-nē sgit-nē
Past participle gi-lop-t-nē gi-sgit-nē

Unfortunately, I don't know how the byform is called in English.

Irregular verbs

"be" "have" "eat" "go" "give"
Present iss heppt et ga gef
Past wast haptē ati gigti giffti
Perfect giassit gihapt giotē gigisst gigifft
Byform zyt, zyti hypē ytē gatē gyvē
Present participle zytnē hepptnē etnē gatnē gefnē
Past participle - hassnē giotnē - gigifftnē

Pronouns

Number Person Subject Object/Reflexive Possessive
Singular 1st ig mi miess
2nd ji ji jiess
3rd masculine hi emm, zigg hiess
3rd feminine zy, zigg zess
3rd neuter dē, zigg dess
Plural 1st wi oss oss
2nd jis jis jisiss
3rd zess hunn, zy hʉn

Articles

There are two articles, the definite article and the indefinite article a.

Numerals

1 a
2 to
3 tri
4 forr
5 vy
6 zett
7 safē
8 ottjo
9 nippē
10 tinn
11 atinn
12 totinn
20 totē
21 atotē
30 tritē
40 forrtē
50 vytē
60 zetttē
70 saftē
80 otttē
90 nipptē
100 horrt
1000 dass

Note: otttē derives from an earlier ottjotē.

Syntax

Bearlandic normally has a SVO word order, but questions have a VSO order. If there is more than one verb in the sentence, there are two possibilities (the verbs are bold):

  • Dē jaggter will sgit dē konin. (The hunter wants to shoot the rabbit.)
  • Dē jaggter will dē konin sgitē.

Note the use of a byform in the second sentence. In subordinate clauses there are generally the same two possibilities:

  • Ig wet dass dē jaggter sgit dē konin. (I know the hunter shoots the rabbit.)
  • Ig wet dass dē jaggter dē konin sgitē.
  • Ig wet dass dē jaggter will sgit dē konin. (I know the hunter wants to shoot the rabbit.)
  • Ig wet dass dē jaggter dē konin will sgitē.

However, sometimes this would change the meaning:

  • Dē jaggter sgit dē konin ossiss hiess verking. (The hunter shoots the rabbit if it's his job.)
  • Dē jaggter sgit dē konin oss dē hiess verking zyt. (The hunter shoots the rabbit because it's his job.)

Sample

Dē fillgikentnē mann hermakti miess aut enn itig mojj bot nat dē pabrúr oss a stoppig mys dē oss pegging oss a aut zworrt zwart gisgat haptē.

The well-known man repaired my old and quite beautiful boat after a stupid girl's uncle by accident had damaged it with an old black sword.