Hawari language: Difference between revisions

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[[File:Hawari B.png|20px|frameless|center]]
[[File:Hawari B.png|20px|frameless|center]]
|-
|-
| '''(12)''' || Bʰ bʰ || bʱ || ٻ || c ||  
| '''(12)''' || Bʰ bʰ || bʱ || ٻ || c || [[File:Hawari Bʰ.png|20px|frameless|center]]
|-
|-
| '''(13)''' || C c || d͡ʒ || ج || c ||  
| '''(13)''' || C c || d͡ʒ || ج || c ||  
[[File:Hawari C.png|20px|frameless|center]]
[[File:Hawari C.png|20px|frameless|center]]
|-
|-
| '''(14)''' || Cʰ cʰ || d͡ʒʱ || ڃ || c ||  
| '''(14)''' || Cʰ cʰ || d͡ʒʱ || ڃ || c || [[File:Hawari Cʰ.png|20px|frameless|center]]
|-
|-
| '''(15)''' || Ç ç || t͡ʃ || چ || c ||  
| '''(15)''' || Ç ç || t͡ʃ || چ || c ||  
[[File:Hawari Ç.png|20px|frameless|center]]
[[File:Hawari Ç.png|20px|frameless|center]]
|-
|-
| '''(16)''' || Çʰ çʰ || t͡ʃʰ || ڇ || c ||  
| '''(16)''' || Çʰ çʰ || t͡ʃʰ || ڇ || c || [[File:Hawari Çʰ.png|20px|frameless|center]]
|-
|-
| '''(17)''' || Č č || .ʃt / ʃt. || ڄ || c ||  
| '''(17)''' || Č č || .ʃt / ʃt. || ڄ || c ||  
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[[File:Hawari D.png|20px|frameless|center]]
[[File:Hawari D.png|20px|frameless|center]]
|-
|-
| '''(20)''' || Dʰ dʰ || dʱ || ڌ || c ||  
| '''(20)''' || Dʰ dʰ || dʱ || ڌ || c || [[File:Hawari Dʰ.png|20px|frameless|center]]
|-
|-
| '''(21)''' || Ḓ ḓ || dˑ || دّ || c || [[File:Hawari Ḓ.png|20px|frameless|center]]
| '''(21)''' || Ḓ ḓ || dˑ || دّ || c || [[File:Hawari Ḓ.png|20px|frameless|center]]
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| '''(22)''' || Đ đ || ð || ذ || c ||  
| '''(22)''' || Đ đ || ð || ذ || c ||  
[[File:Hawari Đ.png|20px|frameless|center]]
[[File:Hawari Đ.png|20px|frameless|center]]
| '''(23)''' || Đʰ đʰ || ðʰ || ڍ || c || [[File:Hawari Đʰ.png|20px|frameless|center]]
|-
|-
| '''(23)''' || Ď ď || d͡ð || دٚ || c ||  
| '''(23)''' || Ď ď || d͡ð || دٚ || c ||  
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| '''(35)''' || F f || f || ف || c || [[File:Hawari F.png|20px|frameless|center]]
| '''(35)''' || F f || f || ف || c || [[File:Hawari F.png|20px|frameless|center]]
|-
|-
| '''(36)''' || Fʰ fʰ || fʰ || فٚ || c ||  
| '''(36)''' || Fʰ fʰ || fʰ || فٚ || c || [[File:Hawari Fʰ.png|20px|frameless|center]]
|-
|-
| '''(37)''' || G g || g || گ || c || [[File:Hawari G.png|20px|frameless|center]]
| '''(37)''' || G g || g || گ || c || [[File:Hawari G.png|20px|frameless|center]]
|-
|-
| '''(38)''' || Gʰ gʰ || gʱ || گٛ || c ||  
| '''(38)''' || Gʰ gʰ || gʱ || گٛ || c || [[File:Hawari Gʰ.png|20px|frameless|center]]
|-
|-
| '''(39)''' || Ĝ ĝ || ʁ̬ || ڠ || c || [[File:Hawari Ĝ.png|20px|frameless|center]]
| '''(39)''' || Ĝ ĝ || ʁ̬ || ڠ || c || [[File:Hawari Ĝ.png|20px|frameless|center]]
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| '''(54)''' || J j || ʒ || ژ || c || [[File:Hawari J.png|20px|frameless|center]]
| '''(54)''' || J j || ʒ || ژ || c || [[File:Hawari J.png|20px|frameless|center]]
|-
|-
| '''(55)''' || Jʰ jʰ || ʒʱ || ڙ || c ||  
| '''(55)''' || Jʰ jʰ || ʒʱ || ڙ || c || [[File:Hawari Jʰ.png|20px|frameless|center]]
|-
|-
| '''(56)''' || ᴶ ʲ || - || ٖ || c || [[File:Hawari ᴶ.png|20px|frameless|center]]
| '''(56)''' || ᴶ ʲ || - || ٖ || c || [[File:Hawari ᴶ.png|20px|frameless|center]]
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| '''(58)''' || K k || k || ک || c || [[File:Hawari K.png|20px|frameless|center]]
| '''(58)''' || K k || k || ک || c || [[File:Hawari K.png|20px|frameless|center]]
|-
|-
| '''(59)''' || Kʰ kʰ || kʰ || ڪ || c ||  
| '''(59)''' || Kʰ kʰ || kʰ || ڪ || c || [[File:Hawari Kʰ.png|20px|frameless|center]]
|-
|-
| '''(60)''' || Ǩ ǩ || q͡x / k͡x (d) || ڳ || c || [[File:Hawari Ǩ.png|20px|frameless|center]]
| '''(60)''' || Ǩ ǩ || q͡x / k͡x (d) || ڳ || c || [[File:Hawari Ǩ.png|20px|frameless|center]]
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| '''(63)''' || L l || l || ل || c || [[File:Hawari al.png|20px|frameless|center]]
| '''(63)''' || L l || l || ل || c || [[File:Hawari al.png|20px|frameless|center]]
|-
|-
| '''(64)''' || Lʰ lʰ || lʰ || ࢦ || c ||  
| '''(64)''' || Lʰ lʰ || lʰ || ࢦ || c || [[File:Hawari Lʰ.png|20px|frameless|center]]
|-
|-
| '''(65)''' || Ĺ ĺ || ɫ || ڵ || c || [[File:Hawari Ĺ.png|20px|frameless|center]]
| '''(65)''' || Ĺ ĺ || ɫ || ڵ || c || [[File:Hawari Ĺ.png|20px|frameless|center]]
|-
|-
| '''(66)''' || Ł ł || ʎ || ݪ || c ||  
| '''(66)''' || Ł ł || ʎ || ݪ || c || [[File:Hawari Ł.png|20px|frameless|center]]
|-
|-
| '''(67)''' || Ļ ļ || ɭ || ڶ || c || [[File:Hawari Ļ.png|20px|frameless|center]]
| '''(67)''' || Ļ ļ || ɭ || ڶ || c || [[File:Hawari Ļ.png|20px|frameless|center]]
|-
|-
| '''(68)''' || Ḽ ḽ || ɫ̩ / ɯ̆ɫ (d) || ڵْ || m ||  
| '''(68)''' || Ḽ ḽ || ɫ̩ / ɯ̆ɫ (d) || ڵْ || m || [[File:Hawari Ḽ.png|20px|frameless|center]]
|-
|-
| '''(69)''' || Ľ ľ || l̩ || لْ || m ||  
| '''(69)''' || Ľ ľ || l̩ || لْ || m || [[File:Hawari Ľ.png|20px|frameless|center]]
|-
|-
| '''(70)''' || M m || m || م || c ||  
| '''(70)''' || M m || m || م || c ||  
[[File:Hawari M.png|20px|frameless|center]]
[[File:Hawari M.png|20px|frameless|center]]
|-
|-
| '''(71)''' || Mʰ mʰ || mʰ || مٚ || c ||  
| '''(71)''' || Mʰ mʰ || mʰ || مٚ || c || [[File:Hawari Mʰ.png|20px|frameless|center]]
|-
|-
| '''(72)''' || Ḿ ḿ || mʲ || مِ || c ||  
| '''(72)''' || Ḿ ḿ || mʲ || مِ || c || [[File:Hawari Ḿ.png|20px|frameless|center]]
|-
|-
| '''(73)''' || N n || n || ن || c || [[File:Hawari N.png|20px|frameless|center]]
| '''(73)''' || N n || n || ن || c || [[File:Hawari N.png|20px|frameless|center]]
|-
|-
| '''(74)''' || Nʰ nʰ || nʱ || ڹ || c ||  
| '''(74)''' || Nʰ nʰ || nʱ || ڹ || c || [[File:Hawari Nʰ.png|20px|frameless|center]]
|-
|-
| '''(75)''' || Ń ń || ɲ || ڼ || c ||  
| '''(75)''' || Ń ń || ɲ || ڼ || c || [[File:Hawari Ń.png|20px|frameless|center]]
|-
|-
| '''(76)''' || Ň ň || ŋ || ݩ || c || [[File:Hawari Ň.png|20px|frameless|center]]
| '''(76)''' || Ň ň || ŋ || ݩ || c || [[File:Hawari Ň.png|20px|frameless|center]]
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| '''(80)''' || Ṅ ṅ || ɳ || نࣸ || c || [[File:Hawari Ṅ.png|20px|frameless|center]]
| '''(80)''' || Ṅ ṅ || ɳ || نࣸ || c || [[File:Hawari Ṅ.png|20px|frameless|center]]
|-
|-
| '''(81)''' || Ņ ņ || n̩ || نْ || m ||  
| '''(81)''' || Ņ ņ || n̩ || نْ || m || [[File:Hawari Ņ.png|20px|frameless|center]]
|-
|-
| '''(82)''' || O o || o/ˑ || ۆ || v || [[File:Hawari O.png|20px|frameless|center]]
| '''(82)''' || O o || o/ˑ || ۆ || v || [[File:Hawari O.png|20px|frameless|center]]
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| '''(90)''' || P p || p || پ || c || [[File:Hawari P.png|20px|frameless|center]]
| '''(90)''' || P p || p || پ || c || [[File:Hawari P.png|20px|frameless|center]]
|-
|-
| '''(91)''' || Pʰ pʰ || pʰ || ڀ || c ||  
| '''(91)''' || Pʰ pʰ || pʰ || ڀ || c || [[File:Hawari Pʰ.png|20px|frameless|center]]
|-
|-
| '''(92)''' || Q q || q || ق || c || [[File:Hawari Q.png|20px|frameless|center]]
| '''(92)''' || Q q || q || ق || c || [[File:Hawari Q.png|20px|frameless|center]]
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| '''(93)''' || R r || r || ر || c || [[File:Hawari R.png|20px|frameless|center]]
| '''(93)''' || R r || r || ر || c || [[File:Hawari R.png|20px|frameless|center]]
|-
|-
| '''(94)''' || Rʰ rʰ || ɾʰ || رٛ || c ||  
| '''(94)''' || Rʰ rʰ || ɾʰ || رٛ || c || [[File:Hawari Rʰ.png|20px|frameless|center]]
|-
|-
| '''(95)''' || Ř ř || ɹ || ڒ || c || [[File:Hawari Ř.png|20px|frameless|center]]
| '''(95)''' || Ř ř || ɹ || ڒ || c || [[File:Hawari Ř.png|20px|frameless|center]]
|-
|-
| '''(96)''' || Řʰ řʰ || ɹʱ || رࣸ || c ||  
| '''(96)''' || Řʰ řʰ || ɹʱ || رࣸ || c || [[File:Hawari Řʰ.png|20px|frameless|center]]
|-
|-
| '''(97)''' || Ŕ ŕ || ɽ / ʀ || ړ || c || [[File:Hawari Ŕ.png|20px|frameless|center]]
| '''(97)''' || Ŕ ŕ || ɽ / ʀ || ړ || c || [[File:Hawari Ŕ.png|20px|frameless|center]]
|-
|-
| '''(98)''' || Ŗ ŗ || r̩ || رْ || m ||  
| '''(98)''' || Ŗ ŗ || r̩ || رْ || m || [[File:Hawari Ŗ.png|20px|frameless|center]]
|-
|-
| '''(99)''' || Ṛ ṛ || ɹ̩ || ڒ࣪ || m ||  
| '''(99)''' || Ṛ ṛ || ɹ̩ || ڒ࣪ || m || [[File:Hawari Ṛ.png|20px|frameless|center]]
|-
|-
| '''(100)''' || S s || s || س || c || [[File:Hawari S.png|20px|frameless|center]]
| '''(100)''' || S s || s || س || c || [[File:Hawari S.png|20px|frameless|center]]
|-
|-
| '''(101)''' || Sʰ sʰ || sʰ || ښ || c ||  
| '''(101)''' || Sʰ sʰ || sʰ || ښ || c || [[File:Hawari Sʰ.png|20px|frameless|center]]
|-
|-
| '''(102)''' || Ş ş || ʃ || ش || c || [[File:Hawari Ş.png|20px|frameless|center]]
| '''(102)''' || Ş ş || ʃ || ش || c || [[File:Hawari Ş.png|20px|frameless|center]]
|-
|-
| '''(103)''' || Şʰ şʰ || ʃʰ || ݜ || c ||  
| '''(103)''' || Şʰ şʰ || ʃʰ || ݜ || c || [[File:Hawari Şʰ.png|20px|frameless|center]]
|-
|-
| '''(104)''' || Ṣ ṣ || sˤ || ص || c || [[File:Hawari Ṣ.png|20px|frameless|center]]
| '''(104)''' || Ṣ ṣ || sˤ || ص || c || [[File:Hawari Ṣ.png|20px|frameless|center]]
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| '''(109)''' || Ť ť || tˑ (l) || تّ || c || [[File:Hawari Ť.png|20px|frameless|center]]
| '''(109)''' || Ť ť || tˑ (l) || تّ || c || [[File:Hawari Ť.png|20px|frameless|center]]
|-
|-
| '''(110)''' || Tʰ tʰ || tʰ || ٿ || c ||  
| '''(110)''' || Tʰ tʰ || tʰ || ٿ || c || [[File:Hawari Tʰ.png|20px|frameless|center]]
|-
|-
| '''(111)''' || Ṯ ṯ || θ || ث || c || [[File:Hawari Ṯ.png|20px|frameless|center]]
| '''(111)''' || Ṯ ṯ || θ || ث || c || [[File:Hawari Ṯ.png|20px|frameless|center]]
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| '''(121)''' || V v || v || ڤ || c || [[File:Hawari V.png|20px|frameless|center]]
| '''(121)''' || V v || v || ڤ || c || [[File:Hawari V.png|20px|frameless|center]]
|-
|-
| '''(122)''' || Vʰ vʰ || vʱ || ڤٚ || c ||  
| '''(122)''' || Vʰ vʰ || vʱ || ڤٚ || c || [[File:Hawari Vʰ.png|20px|frameless|center]]
|-
|-
| '''(123)''' || W w || w || و || s || [[File:Hawari W.png|20px|frameless|center]]
| '''(123)''' || W w || w || و || s || [[File:Hawari W.png|20px|frameless|center]]
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| '''(136)''' || Z z || z || ز || c || [[File:Hawari Z.png|20px|frameless|center]]
| '''(136)''' || Z z || z || ز || c || [[File:Hawari Z.png|20px|frameless|center]]
|-
|-
| '''(137)''' || Zʰ zʰ || zʱ || ڗ || c ||  
| '''(137)''' || Zʰ zʰ || zʱ || ڗ || c || [[File:Hawari Zʰ.png|20px|frameless|center]]
|-
|-
| '''(138)''' || Ż ż || t͡s || ځ || c || [[File:Hawari Ż.png|20px|frameless|center]]
| '''(138)''' || Ż ż || t͡s || ځ || c || [[File:Hawari Ż.png|20px|frameless|center]]

Revision as of 18:54, 1 May 2020

Hawari language
Zimâna Ħāwārî
زۀماٚنا حەٙوەٙری
ZimanaHawari(Tongtsehayi).png
Pronunciation[[Help:IPA|[[[:Template:Zɯ.ˈmɑː.na ˈħæ.wæˑ.riˑ]]]]]
Created byMansenBk
Native tono specific
Ethnicityno specific
Native speakers1 (2020)
Standard forms
Dialect
~15 dialects
Bāyrâẍa Ħāwārømân.png
The Hawari flag

Hawari, natively Ħāwārî (IPA: {hə'wʌɹɪ}, {ˈħæwæˑriˑ}), sometimes also spelled Hwari, is an a posteriori constructed auxillary language in the Northwestern Iranian group of the Indo-European family. Speakers of the language are called Hawars. The total number of Hawari-speakers is 1.

Hawari belongs to the Hawaric Northwestern Iranian group of the Indo-Iranian branch.

Phonology and Orthography

Alphabets and Pronounciation

The most important scripts with IPA Sound type Conscripts
Latin IPA Arabic Tongtsehayi
(1) A a a ا v
(2) Ã ã ã اࣸ v
(3) Ȧ ȧ a / ɛ (f) ا࣪ v
(4) Å å a / - (f) ا࣫ v
(5) Â â ɑ/ˑ/ː اٚ v
(6) Ậ ậ ɔ اٚ࣪ v
(7) Ẫ ẫ ɔ̃ اࣷ v
(8) Ā ā æ/ˑ ەٙ v
(9) Ä ä æː ەٙٙ v
(10) Ă ă ɐ̯ اٛ s
(11) B b b ب c
Hawari B.png
(12) Bʰ bʰ ٻ c
(13) C c d͡ʒ ج c
Hawari C.png
(14) Cʰ cʰ d͡ʒʱ ڃ c
(15) Ç ç t͡ʃ چ c
Hawari Ç.png
(16) Çʰ çʰ t͡ʃʰ ڇ c
(17) Č č .ʃt / ʃt. ڄ c
Hawari Č.png
(18) Ć ć .st / st. ڜ c
Hawari Ć.png
(19) D d d د c
Hawari D.png
(20) Dʰ dʰ ڌ c
(21) Ḓ ḓ دّ c
(22) Đ đ ð ذ c
Hawari Đ.png
(23) Đʰ đʰ ðʰ ڍ c
(23) Ď ď d͡ð دٚ c
Hawari Ď.png
(24) Ḍ ḍ ڊ / ض c
Hawari Ḍ.png
(25) Ḋ ḋ ɖ ډ c
Hawari Ḋ.png
(26) Ḑ ḑ d͡ʑ دٛ c
(27) E e ɛ/ˑ/ː ە v
(28) Ė ė ɛ / - (f) ە࣪ v
(29) Ẽ ẽ ەࣷ v
(30) Ê ê e/ˑ/ː ێ v
(31) Ễ ễ یࣸ v
(32) Ë ë ɯ̃ ەࣸ v
(33) -eh ɛˑh / ɛj (f) / ɛt (f) ے i
(34) -êh eˑh / ej (f) / et (f) ےٛ i
(35) F f f ف c
Hawari F.png
(36) Fʰ fʰ فٚ c
(37) G g g گ c
Hawari G.png
(38) Gʰ gʰ گٛ c
(39) Ĝ ĝ ʁ̬ ڠ c
Hawari Ĝ.png
(40) Ǧ ǧ ɣ غ c
Hawari Ǧ.png
(41) Ģ ģ ɟ گٚ c
Hawari Ģ.png
(42) H h h / j (f) / t (f) ھ i
Hawari H.png
(43) Hʰ hʰ ɦ ھٚ c
(44) Ḧ ḧ h ھْ c
Hawari Ḧ.png
(45) Ĥ ĥ χ̬ ھٛ c
Hawari Ĥ.png
(46) Ħ ħ ħ ح c
Hawari Ħ.png
(47) I i ɯ/ˑ/ː ۀ v
(48) Į į ɯ / - (f) ۀٚ࣪ c
(49) Ǐ ǐ ɯ(ˑ)j ۀی s
(50) Î î i/ˑ ی v
(51) Ī ī یٙٙ v
(52) Ï ï ɪ(ˑ)j یٙ s
(53) Îy îy i(ˑ)j ؽ s
(54) J j ʒ ژ c
Hawari J.png
(55) Jʰ jʰ ʒʱ ڙ c
(56) ᴶ ʲ - ٖ c
(57) Ĵ ĵ ʑ ږ c
Hawari Ĵ.png
(58) K k k ک c
Hawari K.png
(59) Kʰ kʰ ڪ c
(60) Ǩ ǩ q͡x / k͡x (d) ڳ c
Hawari Ǩ.png
(61) Ķ ķ .ks / ks. ګ c
Hawari Ķ.png
(62) Ḳ ḳ c کٚ c
Hawari Ḳ.png
(63) L l l ل c
(64) Lʰ lʰ c
(65) Ĺ ĺ ɫ ڵ c
Hawari Ĺ.png
(66) Ł ł ʎ ݪ c
(67) Ļ ļ ɭ ڶ c
Hawari Ļ.png
(68) Ḽ ḽ ɫ̩ / ɯ̆ɫ (d) ڵْ m
Hawari Ḽ.png
(69) Ľ ľ لْ m
Hawari Ľ.png
(70) M m m م c
Hawari M.png
(71) Mʰ mʰ مٚ c
(72) Ḿ ḿ مِ c
(73) N n n ن c
Hawari N.png
(74) Nʰ nʰ ڹ c
(75) Ń ń ɲ ڼ c
(76) Ň ň ŋ ݩ c
Hawari Ň.png
(77) Ŋ ŋ ŋ (fin) / ŋg (int, med) ݩْ c
Hawari Ŋ.png
(78) Ṋ ṋ نّ c
(79) Ṇ ṇ ɴ نࣷ c
Hawari Ṇ.png
(80) Ṅ ṅ ɳ نࣸ c
Hawari Ṅ.png
(81) Ņ ņ نْ m
Hawari Ņ.png
(82) O o o/ˑ ۆ v
(83) Ō ō ۆٙ v
(84) Ȯ ȯ o / - (f) ۆ࣪ v
(85) Õ õ õ وࣸ v
(86) Ô ô ɔw ۈ s
(87) Ö ö œ ۏ v
(88) Ø ø ø ۋ v
(89) Ǫ ǫ əʊ̯ وࣺ s
(90) P p p پ c
Hawari P.png
(91) Pʰ pʰ ڀ c
(92) Q q q ق c
Hawari Q.png
(93) R r r ر c
Hawari R.png
(94) Rʰ rʰ ɾʰ رٛ c
(95) Ř ř ɹ ڒ c
Hawari Ř.png
(96) Řʰ řʰ ɹʱ رࣸ c
(97) Ŕ ŕ ɽ / ʀ ړ c
Hawari Ŕ.png
(98) Ŗ ŗ رْ m
Hawari Ŗ.png
(99) Ṛ ṛ ɹ̩ ڒ࣪ m
Hawari Ṛ.png
(100) S s s س c
Hawari S.png
(101) Sʰ sʰ ښ c
(102) Ş ş ʃ ش c
Hawari Ş.png
(103) Şʰ şʰ ʃʰ ݜ c
(104) Ṣ ṣ ص c
Hawari Ṣ.png
(105) Ṡ ṡ ʂ سٚ c
Hawari Ṡ.png
(106) Ŝ ŝ ç ݾ c
Hawari Ŝ.png
(107) Š š ʃt͡ʃ. / .ʃt͡ʃ ڛ c
Hawari Š.png
(108) T t t ت c
Hawari T.png
(109) Ť ť tˑ (l) تّ c
(110) Tʰ tʰ ٿ c
(111) Ṯ ṯ θ ث c
Hawari Ṯ.png
(112) Ṭ ṭ ط c
Hawari Ṭ.png
(113) Ṫ ṫ ʈ ټ c
Hawari Ṫ.png
(114) ᵀ ᵗ h (fin) / - (fin, d) / t (med) ة c
(115) Ț ț t͡ɕ تٛ c
(116) U u u و v
(117) Û û uˑ/ː ۉ v
(118) Ũ ũ ũ وࣷ v
(119) Ü ü y/ˑ/ː ۊ v
(120) Ů ů f (fin), v (med) c
Hawari Ů.png
(121) V v v ڤ c
Hawari V.png
(122) Vʰ vʰ ڤٚ c
(123) W w w و s
Hawari W.png
(124) Ŵ ŵ ɸ ۄ c
Hawari Ŵ.png
(125) Ẃ ẃ ɯw ڡ c
(126) Ẁ ẁ ew ڡٚ c
(127) Ẇ ẇ ڡٙ m
Hawari Ẇ.png
(128) Wu wu wu وُ v
(129) ᵂ ʷ ʷ ٝ c
(130) X x x خ c
Hawari X.png
(131) Ẍ ẍ x (fin), ɣ (med) غْ c
Hawari Ẍ.png
(132) Ẋ ẋ ks ــٛٚـ c
Hawari Ẋ.png
(133) Y y j ی s
Hawari Y.png
(134) Yî yî ji/ˑ یِ v
(135) ʸ ʸ ʲ ِ c
(136) Z z z ز c
Hawari Z.png
(137) Zʰ zʰ ڗ c
(138) Ż ż t͡s ځ c
Hawari Ż.png
(139) Ẓ ẓ ظ c
Hawari Ẓ.png
(140) Ž ž d͡z څ c
Hawari Ž.png
(141) Ẑ ẑ ʐ ژࣺ c
Hawari Ẑ.png
(142) ʔ ɂ ʔ ئ c
Hawari ʔ.png
(143) ʿ ʿ ʕ ع c
Hawari ʿ.png

Grammar

Personal pronouns

Singular Plural
1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Masc. Fem. Neutr. Impers. Plur. Polite.
(English) I you (sing.) he she it you (impers.) we you (plur.) you (pol.) they
Nominative āz
ئەٙز

تۉ
ew
ئەو
we
وە
to
تۆ
ûn
ئۉن
em
ئەم
şomâ
شۆماٚ
hûn
ھۉن
unhâ
ئونھاٚ
Dative minêh
مۀنےٛ
tebîʲ
تەبیٖ
êwār
ئێوەٙر
îwār
ئیوەٙر
tiwār
تۀوەٙر
ûnêh
ئۉنےٛ
emêh
ئەمےٛ
şomâyêh
شۆماٚیےٛ
hinêh
ھۀنےٛ
unhâyêh
ئۉنھاٚیےٛ
Accusative minu
مۀنو

تەٙ
êwān
ئێوەٙن
îwān
ئیوەٙن
tʷān
تٝەٙن
ûnu
ئۉنو
emu
ئەمو
şomâyu
شۆماٚیو
hinâ
ھۀناٚ
unhâyu
ئونھاٚیو
Possessive min
مۀن
tvậy
تڤاٚ࣪ی
ewîn
ئەوین
îwîn
ئیوین
tiwîn
تۀوین
ńegov
ڼەگۆڤ

ماٚ
şimîn
شۀمین
hûnem
ھۉنەم
ńîĥov
ڼیھٛۆڤ

Nouns

Declension of Nouns

Ending with a semi- or consonant besides h, ǐ, ï and y
Entire Word
Singular Plural
Normal Pos1 Pos2 Pos3 Normal Pos1 Pos2 Pos3
Nominative - -o
ۆ-
-a
ا-

ێ-
-ân
اٚن-
-âno
اٚنۆ-
-âna
اٚنا-
-ânê
اٚنێ-
Dative -êh
ےٛ-
-êyo
ێیۆ-
-êya
ێیا-
-êyê
ێیێ-
-ânêh
اٚنےٛ-
-ânêyo
اٚنێیۆ-
-ânêya
اٚنێیا-
-ânêyê
اٚنێیێ-
Accusative -u
و-
-uyo
ویۆ-
-uya
ویا-
-uyê
ویێ-
-ânu
اٚنو-
-ânuyo
اٚنویۆ-
-anuya
اٚنویا-
-ânuyê
اٚنویێ-
(((Stem)))
Singular Plural
Normal Pos1 Pos2 Pos3 Normal Pos1 Pos2 Pos3
Nominative
Dative
Accusative
Ending with an n
Entire Word
Singular Plural
Normal Pos1 Pos2 Pos3 Normal Pos1 Pos2 Pos3
Nominative - -o
ۆ-
-a
ا-

ێ-
-hâ
ھاٚ-
-hâyo
ھاٚیۆ-
-hâya
ھاٚیا-
-hâyê
ھاٚیێ-
Dative -êh
ےٛ-
-êyo
ێیۆ-
-êya
ێیا-
-êyê
ێیێ-
-hâyêh
ھاٚیےٛ-
-hâyêto
ھاٚیێتۆ-
-hâyêta
ھاٚیێتا-
-hâyêtê
ھاٚیێتێ-
Accusative -u
و-
-uyo
ویۆ-
-uya
ویا-
-uyê
ویێ-
-hâyu
ھاٚیو-
-hâyuto
ھاٚیوتۆ-
-hâyuta
ھاٚیوتا-
-hâyutê
ھاٚیوتێ-
Ending with a vowel

The vowels able to let a noun be declined like the following chart shows: ã, â, ẫ, ậ, ä, e, ẽ, ë, ī, õ, ö, ø, ũ, û

Entire Word
Singular Plural
Normal Pos1 Pos2 Pos3 Normal Pos1 Pos2 Pos3
Nominative - -yo
یۆ-
-ya
یا-
-yê
یێ-
-yân
یاٚن-
-yâno
یاٚنۆ-
-yâna
یاٚنا-
-yânê
یاٚنێ-
Dative -yêh
یےٛ-
-yêto
یێتۆ-
-yêta
یێتا-
-yêtê
یێتێ-
-yânêh
یاٚنےٛ-
-yânêyo
یاٚنێیۆ-
-yânêya
یاٚنێیا-
-yânêyê
یاٚنێیێ-
Accusative -yu
یو-
-yuto
یوتۆ-
-yuta
یوتا-
-yutê
یوتێ-
-yânu
یاٚنو-
-yânuyo
یاٚنویۆ-
-yânuya
یاٚنویا-
-yânuyê
یاٚنویێ-
Ending with a y
Entire Word
Singular Plural
Normal Pos1 Pos2 Pos3 Normal Pos1 Pos2 Pos3
Nominative - -o
ۆ-
-a
ا-

ێ-
-ân
اٚن-
-âno
اٚنۆ-
-âna
اٚنا-
-ânê
اٚنێ-
Dative -êh
ےٛ-
-êto
ێتۆ-
-êta
ێتا-
-êtê
ێتێ-
-ânêh
اٚنےٛ-
-ânêyo
اٚنێیۆ-
-ânêya
اٚنێیا-
-ânêyê
اٚنێیێ-
Accusative -u
و-
-uto
وتۆ-
-uta
وتا-
-utê
وتێ-
-ânu
اٚنو-
-ânuyo
اٚنویۆ-
-ânuya
اٚنویا-
-ânuyê
اٚنویێ-
Ending with an h
Except final h
Singular Plural
Normal Pos1 Pos2 Pos3 Normal Pos1 Pos2 Pos3
Nominative - -yo
یۆ-
-ya
یا-
-yê
یێ-
-yân
یاٚن-
-yâno
یاٚنۆ-
-yâna
یاٚنا-
-yânê
یاٚنێ-
Dative -yêh
یےٛ-
-yêto
یێتۆ-
-yêta
یێتا-
-yêtê
یێتێ-
-yânêh
یاٚنےٛ-
-yânêyo
یاٚنێیۆ-
-yânêya
یاٚنێیا-
-yânêyê
یاٚنێیێ-
Accusative -yu
یو-
-yuto
یوتۆ-
-yuta
یوتا-
-yutê
یوتێ-
-yânu
یاٚنو-
-yânuyo
یاٚنویۆ-
-yânuya
یاٚنویا-
-yânuyê
یاٚنویێ-
When the two last consonants are y and h (with a vowel between them), or also for nouns ending with ᵗ
Except final h/ᵗ
Singular Plural
Normal Pos1 Pos2 Pos3 Normal Pos1 Pos2 Pos3
Nominative - -to
تۆ-
-ta
تا-
-tê
تێ-
-tân
تاٚن-
-tâno
تاٚنۆ-
-tâna
تاٚنا-
-tânê
تاٚنێ-
Dative -têh
تےٛ-
-têyo
تێیۆ-
-têya
تێیا-
-têyê
تێیێ-
-tânêh
تاٚنےٛ-
-tânêyo
تاٚنێیۆ-
-tânêya
تاٚنێیا-
-tânêyê
تاٚنێیێ-
Accusative -tu
تو-
-tuyo
تویۆ-
-tuya
تویا-
-tuyê
تویێ-
-tânu
تاٚنو-
-tânuyo
تاٚنویۆ-
-tânuya
تاٚنویا-
-tânuyê
تاٚنویێ-
-ȧ-(consonant)
Entire Word
Singular Plural
Normal Pos1 Pos2 Pos3 Normal Pos1 Pos2 Pos3
Nominative - -a-o
ا-ۆ-
-e-a
ە-ا-
-a-ê
ا-ێ-
-e-ân
ە-اٚن-
-e-âno
ە-اٚنۆ-
-e-âna
ە-اٚنا-
-e-ânê
ە-اٚنێ-
Dative -a-êh
ا-ےٛ-
-a-êyo
ا-ێیۆ-
-a-êya
ا-ێیا-
-a-êyê
ا-ێیێ-
-e-ânêh
ە-اٚنےٛ
-e-ânêyo
ە-اٚنێیۆ-
-e-ânêya
ە-اٚنێیا-
-e-ânêyê
ە-اٚنێیێ
Accusative -e-u
ە-و-
-e-uyo
ە-ویۆ-
-e-uya
ە-ویا-
-e-uyê
ە-ویێ-
-e-ânu
ە-اٚنو-
-e-ânuyo
ە-اٚنویۆ-
-e-ânuya
ە-اٚنویا-
-e-ânuyê
ە-اٚنویێ

If the consonant is a y, h, ʸ, ǐ or ï, the "y" shown in the last chart turns into t.

Other rules

Ǐ turns to iy, ï to ïy, ô to ậw, ǫ to öw, ẃ to iw, ẁ to êw, č to şt and ć to st, when being the final letter of an unflexed word. When the last vowel is å, ė, į or ȯ, it disappears in the flexed form of a word.

This page is under construction, as of April 2020.