Idavic languages: Difference between revisions

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active vs stative verbs turns into agent-oriented vs patient oriented in Netagin, but turns into tense in other Idavic languages
active vs stative verbs turns into agent-oriented vs patient oriented in Netagin, but turns into tense in other Idavic languages
=== Pronouns ===
=== Pronouns ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" width=500px
!| ||  1sg || 2sg ||  3sg  ||  1pl || 2pl || 3pl
|-
! Independent
| ''vēlu'' || ''vēbu'' || ''-'' || ''vēći'' || ''vinīʔi'' || ''-''
|-
! Emphatic
| ''hanlī'' || ''hanbā'' || (demonstratives) || ''hanćā''  || ''hannīʔi'' || (demonstratives)
|-
! Alienable
| ''le-'' || ''be-'' || ''ʔin-'' || ''će-'' || ''neʔe-'' || ''ʔehe-''
|-
! Inalienable
| ''-al'' || ''-ab'' || ''-ī'' || ''-ćā'' || ''-nīʔi'' || ''-ūs''
|-
|}
=== Nouns ===
=== Nouns ===
{|class=wikitable style=text-align:center
{|class=wikitable style=text-align:center

Revision as of 22:08, 20 July 2022

Idavic languages/Lexicon
Idavic languages/Swadesh
Idavic
Created by
Geographic
distribution
Etalocin, eastern Txapoalli, Bjeheond
Linguistic classificationOne of Tricin's primary language families
Proto-languageProto-Idavic (PId)

Idavic or Idavo-Etalocian is a Trician language family which includes Dodellic. The urheimat is central-western Etalocin.

Inspiration: Semitic, IE

Proto-Idavic grammar was very similar to that of Classical Netagin. Modern Idavic languages native to Etalocin have various typologies depending on the sprachbund.

Family tree

  • Idavic
    • Netagic (the only tricons branch)
    • Siro
    • Ouřefr (Czech + Dutch)
    • Eodlan (Skolt Sami and Old English inspired)
    • Pategic
      • Dodellic
      • sth with Sanskrit stops (but vowels shouldn't be Sanskrit-y; a bit more like Lithuanian?)
      • Pategian
      • some labialless language
      • Shalaian

Phonology

Consonants

Proto-Idavic had about 26 consonants and had a distinction between front and back coronals and front and back velars.

Labial Front coronal Back coronal Front velar Back velar Glottal
Nasal m /m/ n /n̪~n̠/ ŋ /ɲ~ŋ/
Plosive voiceless p /p/ t /t̪/ ť /t̠/ /k̟/ k /k̠/ ʔ /ʔ/
voiced b /b/ d /d̪/ ď /d̠/ ǵ /g̟/ g /g̠/
Fricative s /s̟/ š /s̠/ /x̟/ x /x̠/ h /h/
Affricate c /t̪s̟/ č /t̠s̠/
Resonant w /w/ l /l̪/ r /r/, ľ /ɺ/ y /j/

s c were lamino-dental, and š č were retracted apico-alveolar.

Vowels

Proto-Idavic had a vowel system similar to that of Proto-Balto-Slavic.

Proto-Netagin vowels
Front Back
short long short long
Close i /ɪ/ ī /i:/ u /ʊ/ ū /u:/
Open e /æ/ ē /æ:/ a /ɑ/ ā /ɑ:/

Diphthongs: ay aw ey ew

Suprasegmentals

  • Pitch accent: modal (á), creaky (ã)
    • Creaky voice is the source of glottal reinforcement in Shalaian, gemination in Netagin and Khmerization in Eodlan.

Morphology

Triconsonantal but only Netagin preserves this

active vs stative verbs turns into agent-oriented vs patient oriented in Netagin, but turns into tense in other Idavic languages

Pronouns

1sg 2sg 3sg 1pl 2pl 3pl
Independent vēlu vēbu - vēći vinīʔi -
Emphatic hanlī hanbā (demonstratives) hanćā hannīʔi (demonstratives)
Alienable le- be- ʔin- će- neʔe- ʔehe-
Inalienable -al -ab -ćā -nīʔi -ūs

Nouns

decl. A decl. B decl. C decl. D
singular plural singular plural singular plural singular plural
Absolute state lēti lētāla ʔisteleḱi ʔistelahaḱi yāḱi ŋiyāḱi -in -ijē
Construct state lēta- lētā- ʔisteleḱa- ʔistelahaḱa- yāḱe- ŋiyāḱe- - -

Verbs

Binyan Intransitive Transitive Applicative Transgressive Verbal noun
1 *1i2a3 *-(e)12a3 *-i1in2a3 *1a2ō3 *1a2ī3, *1e2ī3
2 *qa12ū3 *-u12i3 *-u1yn2i3 *qa12ō3 *qa12ē3
3 *qa1a2u3 *-a12i3 *-a1in2i3 *qa1a2ō3 *qa12a3e
4 *ŋa12u3 *-ud1u2i3 *-uŋ1in2i3 *ŋa12ō3 *ta12ū3e
5 *qi1:a2u3 *-u1:i2i3 *-u1:in2i3 *qi1:a2ō3 *qu1:a2ē3
6 *1a22u3 *-u1a22i3 *-u12in2i3 *qy1a22ō3 *te1a22ē3
7 *qi21a2u3 *-i21a2i3 *-i21yn2u3 *qi21a2ō3 *qu21a23e
8 *1as2u3 *-u1as2i3 *-u1isin2o3 *1as2ō3 *tu1as2ē3
9 *1i2a3u3 *-i12a3i3 *-i1in2i3u3 *1a2a3ō3 *tu12a3ē3
10 *1i31a2u3 *-i1i31a2i3 *-i1i31in2u3 *1i31a2ō3 *1i31a2ē3

Syntax

Proto-Idavic was rigidly head-initial with a morphosyntax similar to Lushootseed or Austronesian. Most present-day Idavic languages (except Netagin) are less head-initial.