Idavic languages

Idavic languages/Lexicon

Idavic languages/Swadesh

Idavic
Created by	–
Geographic distribution	Etalocin, eastern Txapoalli, Bjeheond
Linguistic classification	One of Tricin's primary language families
Proto-language	Proto-Idavic (PId)

Idavic or Idavo-Etalocian is a Trician language family which includes Dodellic. The urheimat is central-western Etalocin.

Inspiration: Afro-Asiatic, IE

How does this become Netagin tricons?

Family tree

• Idavic
  • Shalaic (j > r, dł > l?)
    • Shalaian (Salisho-Welsh)
  • Varkic
    • Varkun (quasi-Sami)
  • Netagic (the only tricons branch)
    • Netagin (Optimized for piyyutim)
  • Nabŋaic
    • Sésjallese (Hiberno-Arabic)
    • Ouřefr (Czech + Dutch)
  • Pategic
    • Dodellic
      • Dodellian
      • Þeoþlewisæþ
    • Pategian
    • Verapamil

Phonology

• Consonants: b d dł j g gʷ p t tł č k kʷ q s ł š h ʔ m n ŋ l r w y ř (ř is a retroflex approx.)
• Vowels: a e i u ā ē ī ū
• Pitch accent: modal (á), creaky (ã)
  • Creaky voice is the source of glottal reinforcement in Shalaian and vowel shifts in Netagin.

Shalaian diachronics

• b > v; ɓ > b; g > y, kh, or CL; j > ʒ; ng > ng3 > n3
• Grimm's law: p t č kʷ q > f θ ʃ x H
• q G q' > H ayin q
• further shifts: kʷ' > kʷ > xʷ
• Vowel shifts: ā > ō > /əʊ/, u > /ɒ/, iw > /ju:/
• final -ā -ī shorten to -a -i
• Loss of initial glottal stop, then loss of non-prevocalic /r/
• Historical long vowels (also /ɑː/ from historical /ar/) shorten before /ʕ/
• H and ayin merge with /h/ and hamza

Phonotactics

Allowed root clusters

Allowed clusters with no glottal stop:

• mC: mn ml mr my m3 mb md mj mg mp mt mtł ms mł mč mk mkw mq mh
• nC: nm nr n3 ny nw nd ndł nj ng nt ntł ns nš nč nk nkw nq nh
• lC: lm ln l3 ly lw lb ld lj lg lp lt ls lč lk lkw lq lh
• rC: rm rn r3 ry rw rb rd rdł rj rg rp rt rł rtł rs rč rk rkw rq rh
• 3C: 3m 3n 3l 3r 3y (never initial) 3w 3b 3d 3dł 3j 3g 3p 3t 3s 3ł 3tł 3č 3k 3kw 3q
• Cm: nm lm rm 3m dm jm gm tm sm šm čm łm tłm km kwm qm hm
• Cn: mn ln 3n bn dn jn gn pn tn sn šn čn łn tłn kn kwn qn hn
• Cl: ml nl 3l rl bl dl jl fl tl sl šl čl kl kwl ql hl
• Cr: mr nr għr vr br dr jr pr tr sr šr čr kr kwr qr hr
• Cy: my ny ly ry 3y (never initial) by py dy ty sy šy ły dły tły gy ky qy hy
• Cw: nw 3w dw dłw jw tw tłw sw łw čw qw
• C3: m3 n3 l3 r3 b3 d3 j3 p3 t3 tł3 ł3 s3 š3 č3 k3 kw3 q3
• XX: any cluster of 2 obstruents are allowed, as long as they agree in voicing and are not both dorsal (k, g, kw, gw, q); in addition, s + voiced stop and š + voiced stop

Morphology

Triconsonantal but only Netagin preserves this

Syntax

Lifted from German: V2, SAuxOV, verb final in subordinate clauses

Derivation

Proto-Idavic had an extensive array of derivational affixes.

Root extensions: suffixes

• Creaky voice marked intensive or transitive verbs like the Semitic geminate binyan
• -ay (h): deverbal noun
• With prefixed verbs, the stress shift derives verbal nouns: *ri·kʷā́n 'to rest' → ·ríkʷan 'rest'. This is the source of some infinitives being marked with stress shifts in Shalaian (riwháin, ríwhain 'sleep').
• -gʷidi (i): augmentative; derives nouns
• -t (i): verbal noun, resultative
• -aʕ (a): agentive
• -ī́r: causative verbs
• -áy: causative, change of state
• -ā́l: transitive or causative verbs
• dan-: applicative, like German be-
• tar-: frequentative
• nar-: telic
• šu-: mis-, over-
• ur-: causative, change of state
• ri-: detransitivizer, passive
• -mak: nominalizer
• ⟨n⟩: continuative? frequentative?
• C1aC2- reduplicant: graduative
• -jan: instrument noun

Todo: separable prefixes