Idavic languages

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Idavic languages/Lexicon
Idavic languages/Swadesh
Idavic
Created by
Geographic
distribution
Etalocin, eastern Txapoalli, Bjeheond
Linguistic classificationOne of Tricin's primary language families
Proto-languageProto-Idavic (PId)

Idavic or Idavo-Etalocian is a Trician language family which includes Dodellic. The urheimat is central-western Etalocin.

Inspiration: Afro-Asiatic, IE

How does this become Netagin tricons?

Family tree

  • Idavic
    • Varkic
    • Netagic (the only tricons branch)
    • Nabŋaic
    • Pategic
      • Dodellic
      • sth with Sanskrit stops (but vowels shouldn't be Sanskrit-y; a bit more like Lithuanian?)
      • Pategian

Phonology

Proto-Idavic had a distinction between dental and alveolar~retroflex consonants, which survives in Netagin.

  • Consonants: Netagin plus g kw gw xw and minus ś ź ć
  • Vowels: a e i u ā ē ī ū
  • Pitch accent: modal (á), creaky (ã)
    • Creaky voice is the source of glottal reinforcement in Shalaian and vowel shifts in Netagin.

Shalaian diachronics

  • b > v; ɓ > b; g > y, kh, or CL; j > ʒ; ng > ng3 > n3
  • Grimm's law: p t č kʷ q > f θ ʃ x H
  • q G q' > H ayin q
  • further shifts: kʷ' > kʷ > xʷ
  • Vowel shifts: ā > ō > /əʊ/, u > /ɒ/, iw > /ju:/
  • final -ā -ī shorten to -a -i
  • Loss of initial glottal stop, then loss of non-prevocalic /r/
  • Historical long vowels (also /ɑː/ from historical /ar/) shorten before /ʕ/
  • H and ayin merge with /h/ and hamza

Phonotactics

Morphology

Triconsonantal but only Netagin preserves this

Syntax

Lifted from German: V2, SAuxOV, verb final in subordinate clauses

Derivation

Proto-Idavic had an extensive array of derivational affixes.

Root extensions: suffixes

  • Creaky voice marked intensive or transitive verbs like the Semitic geminate binyan
  • -ay (h): deverbal noun
  • With prefixed verbs, the stress shift derives verbal nouns: *ri·kʷā́n 'to rest' → ·ríkʷan 'rest'. This is the source of some infinitives being marked with stress shifts in Shalaian (riwháin, ríwhain 'sleep').
  • -gʷidi (i): augmentative; derives nouns
  • -t (i): verbal noun, resultative
  • -aʕ (a): agentive
  • -ī́r: causative verbs
  • -áy: causative, change of state
  • -ā́l: transitive or causative verbs
  • dan-: applicative, like German be-
  • tar-: frequentative
  • nar-: telic
  • šu-: mis-, over-
  • ur-: causative, change of state
  • ri-: detransitivizer, passive
  • -mak: nominalizer
  • n: continuative? frequentative?
  • C1aC2- reduplicant: graduative
  • -jan: instrument noun

Todo: separable prefixes