User:Juhhmi/Ljopva: Difference between revisions

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'''Ljopva''' /ɭɔⱱɐ/ is an ''a priori'' language spoken in the fantasy world Akekata. The speakers of Ljopva reside on the Twin Islands, which have been blamed by central spellcasters and major religions for allowing the practice of "evil" forms of sorcery. The language can be described as isolative-fusional, head-final, having  
'''Ljopva''' or Ḷoṗa /ɭɔⱱɐ/ is an ''a priori'' language spoken in the fantasy world Akekata. The speakers of Ljopva reside on the Twin Islands, which have been blamed by central spellcasters and major religions for allowing the practice of "evil" forms of sorcery. The language can be described as isolative-fusional, head-final, topic-prominent, split-S and having a free word order with AOV being the most frequent. 


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
WIP
 
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg"  
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center"
!   
!   
! Bilabial
! Bilabial
! Labio-dental
! Labio-dental
! Dental
! Alveolar
! Alveolar
! Post-alveolar
! Retroflex
! Retroflex
! Palatal
! Palatal
! Velar
! Velar
! Uvular
!Pharyngeal
!Epiglottal
! Glottal
! Glottal
|-
|-
Line 23: Line 18:
| ɱ
| ɱ
|  
|  
|  
| ɳ
|  
| ɲ
|  
| ŋ
|
|
|   
|   
|
|
| 
|-
|-
! Plosive
! Plosive
Line 37: Line 27:
| p̪  
| p̪  
|  
|  
|  
| ʈ
| ɖ
| c
|
| k
|  
| ʔ 
|
|
|
|
| 
|-
|-
! Fricative
! Fricative
|  
|  
| v
| f
|
|  
|  
|
| ʂ
| ʂ
|
| ç ʑ
|  
| x
|  
| h
|
|
| 
|-
|-
! Approximant
! Approximant
|
|
|  
|  
|  
|  
|
|
|
|
|   
|j  
|
|
|  
|  
|  
|  
| 
|-
|-
! Trill
! Trill
|  
| ʙ
|  
|  
|
|
|  
|  
|
|
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|
|
|  
|  
|
|
| 
|-
|-
!Flap or tap
!Flap or tap
|  
|  
| ⱱ
| ⱱ
|
|
|  
|  
| ɽ
| ɽ
|  
|  
|
| 
|
|  
|  
|   
|   
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! Lateral fricative
! Lateral fricative
|
|
|
|  
|  
| ɬ
| ɬ
|
|   
|   
|  
|  
|  
|  
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
! Lateral approximant
! Lateral approximant
|
|
|
|  
|  
| l
| l
|
| ɭ
| ɭ
|  
|  
|   
|   
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! Lateral flap
|
|
|
|
|
| 
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}
|}
Co-articulated consonants: k͡p


===Vowels===
===Vowels===


====Monophthongs====
====Monophthongs====
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center"
!  
!  
! Front
! Front
Line 175: Line 118:
| ɔ
| ɔ
|-
|-
! Near-open
!Open
|
|a
| ɐ
|
|-
! Open
|  
|
|
|
|
|}
|}
===Sound changes===
lordlang>godlang>old spellang>spellang; old spellang loans into old ljopva>ljopva
*ku>kʷ><br>kʷe>k͡ve>k͡ⱱɛ>k͡ⱱa>ⱱa<br>kʷ/V_∅>w
*ka>xa
*gu>gʷ>k͡p
*g/V_V>k; g/V_∅>ɰ>x
*b>β>w
*p/∅_V>pʋ>p̪; p/V_V>pʋ>ⱱ
*pr>ʙ
*m>ɱ
*n/_V[rounded]>ɳ
*n/_V[front]>ɲ
*n/_k>ŋ
*ŋkʷ>ŋw>ŋ͡ʋ>ŋ͡ɱ>ɱ
*s/V_∅>ç>h>:<br>s/_V[front vowel]>ɕ; s/_V[back vowel]>ʂ
*sʷ>sʋ>sf><br>>f<br>sf/i_∅>s͡f (whistle)
*l/_V[rounded]>ɭ
*lʷ>ɭ
*ls>lɬ>ɬ
*li/V_>lj>j
*t/V_V>ɾ<br>ɾ/_V[back]>ɽ; ɾ/_V[front]>ʔ
*t/_V[rounded]>ʈ
*ti>tʲi>ci
*ki>ci
*ci/[unstressed]>çi>ɕi<br>ɕi/V_∅>ɕ; ɕi/V_C>ʝ>j; ɕi/V_V>ʑ
*ɛ>a
*e>ɛ; ɛ/C[labio-dental]_>a
*ʌ>ɔ
*i>ɨ
*ɯ>u>ɵ
*u>o>ɤ
==Phonotactics==
Syllables require an onset, which can't be a flap or tap,
==Suprasegmentals==


===Stress===
===Stress===


===Tone===
Only in eastern dialects: e.g. ''ti'' /cí/ vs. ''ki'' /cì/


==Orthography==
==Orthography==


===Native script===
===Native script===
Written from right to left in zigzag rows consisting of hexagons. Logographic symbols, loaned from Spellang, form the nucleus of writing: the symbols are surrounded by a six-place template for morphemic symbols tied with the core to form expressions and clauses.


===Romanization===
===Romanization===


==Morphophonology==
==Morphophonology==
processes when combining




==Morphology==
==Morphology==
===Pronoun===
===Noun===
====Class====
expressed by the first consonant
*concept (laterals)
*coreful, animate (fricatives)
* coreless, inanimate (plosives)
coreful inanimates loan words from spellang
====Particles====
*agentive for agents of transitive verbs and volitional subjects of intransitive verbs
* possessive
===Adjective===
===Verb===
====Tense====
====Aspect====
====Mood====
potentials: physical vs. magical
evidentials: visual, sensory, hearsay, foretelling (--> destiny?)
relative form: "brown is-(relative), cat-(topic) there sits" (The cat, which is brown, sits there.)
contrastive form: "good with-drawing I-am, bad with-sports I-am-(contrastive)" (I'm good at drawing but bad at sports.) vs. "good with-drawing I-am-(contrastive), bad pens I-have" (I'm good at drawing even though I have bad pens.")
===Topic===
====Presentation====
====Referring====
once a topic has been presented, it is the one being referred to and the topic of relative clauses
==Syntax==
===Word order===
*PV or AV in intransitive
*APV in transitive
*AP<sub>1</sub>VP<sub>2</sub> or AP<sub>1</sub>P<sub>2</sub>V in ditransitive (where P<sub>1</sub> is the theme and P<sub>2</sub> is the recipient)

Latest revision as of 19:53, 5 November 2014

Ljopva or Ḷoṗa /ɭɔⱱɐ/ is an a priori language spoken in the fantasy world Akekata. The speakers of Ljopva reside on the Twin Islands, which have been blamed by central spellcasters and major religions for allowing the practice of "evil" forms of sorcery. The language can be described as isolative-fusional, head-final, topic-prominent, split-S and having a free word order with AOV being the most frequent.

Phonology

Consonants

Bilabial Labio-dental Alveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal ɱ ɳ ɲ ŋ
Plosive p̪ ʈ c k ʔ
Fricative f ʂ ç ʑ x h
Approximant j
Trill ʙ
Flap or tap ⱱ ɽ
Lateral fricative ɬ
Lateral approximant l ɭ

Co-articulated consonants: k͡p

Vowels

Monophthongs

Front Central Back
Close ɨ
Close-mid ɵ ɤ
Mid e
Open-mid ɛ ɔ
Open a

Sound changes

lordlang>godlang>old spellang>spellang; old spellang loans into old ljopva>ljopva

  • ku>kʷ>
    kʷe>k͡ve>k͡ⱱɛ>k͡ⱱa>ⱱa
    kʷ/V_∅>w
  • ka>xa
  • gu>gʷ>k͡p
  • g/V_V>k; g/V_∅>ɰ>x
  • b>β>w
  • p/∅_V>pʋ>p̪; p/V_V>pʋ>ⱱ
  • pr>ʙ
  • m>ɱ
  • n/_V[rounded]>ɳ
  • n/_V[front]>ɲ
  • n/_k>ŋ
  • ŋkʷ>ŋw>ŋ͡ʋ>ŋ͡ɱ>ɱ
  • s/V_∅>ç>h>:
    s/_V[front vowel]>ɕ; s/_V[back vowel]>ʂ
  • sʷ>sʋ>sf>
    >f
    sf/i_∅>s͡f (whistle)
  • l/_V[rounded]>ɭ
  • lʷ>ɭ
  • ls>lɬ>ɬ
  • li/V_>lj>j
  • t/V_V>ɾ
    ɾ/_V[back]>ɽ; ɾ/_V[front]>ʔ
  • t/_V[rounded]>ʈ
  • ti>tʲi>ci
  • ki>ci
  • ci/[unstressed]>çi>ɕi
    ɕi/V_∅>ɕ; ɕi/V_C>ʝ>j; ɕi/V_V>ʑ
  • ɛ>a
  • e>ɛ; ɛ/C[labio-dental]_>a
  • ʌ>ɔ
  • i>ɨ
  • ɯ>u>ɵ
  • u>o>ɤ

Phonotactics

Syllables require an onset, which can't be a flap or tap,


Suprasegmentals

Stress

Tone

Only in eastern dialects: e.g. ti /cí/ vs. ki /cì/

Orthography

Native script

Written from right to left in zigzag rows consisting of hexagons. Logographic symbols, loaned from Spellang, form the nucleus of writing: the symbols are surrounded by a six-place template for morphemic symbols tied with the core to form expressions and clauses.

Romanization

Morphophonology

processes when combining


Morphology

Pronoun

Noun

Class

expressed by the first consonant

  • concept (laterals)
  • coreful, animate (fricatives)
  • coreless, inanimate (plosives)

coreful inanimates loan words from spellang

Particles

  • agentive for agents of transitive verbs and volitional subjects of intransitive verbs
  • possessive

Adjective

Verb

Tense

Aspect

Mood

potentials: physical vs. magical

evidentials: visual, sensory, hearsay, foretelling (--> destiny?)

relative form: "brown is-(relative), cat-(topic) there sits" (The cat, which is brown, sits there.)

contrastive form: "good with-drawing I-am, bad with-sports I-am-(contrastive)" (I'm good at drawing but bad at sports.) vs. "good with-drawing I-am-(contrastive), bad pens I-have" (I'm good at drawing even though I have bad pens.")

Topic

Presentation

Referring

once a topic has been presented, it is the one being referred to and the topic of relative clauses


Syntax

Word order

  • PV or AV in intransitive
  • APV in transitive
  • AP1VP2 or AP1P2V in ditransitive (where P1 is the theme and P2 is the recipient)
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