User:Juhhmi/Ljopva

Ljopva or Ḷoṗa /ɭɔⱱɐ/ is an a priori language spoken in the fantasy world Akekata. The speakers of Ljopva reside on the Twin Islands, which have been blamed by central spellcasters and major religions for allowing the practice of "evil" forms of sorcery. The language can be described as isolative-fusional, head-final, topic-prominent, split-S and having a free word order with AOV being the most frequent.

Phonology

Consonants

	Bilabial	Labio-dental	Alveolar	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal		ɱ		ɳ	ɲ	ŋ
Plosive		p̪		ʈ	c	k	ʔ
Fricative		f		ʂ	ç	x	h
Approximant					j
Trill	ʙ
Flap or tap		ⱱ		ɽ
Lateral fricative			ɬ
Lateral approximant			l	ɭ

Vowels

Monophthongs

	Front	Central	Back
Close		ɨ
Close-mid		ɵ	ɤ
Mid	e
Open-mid	ɛ		ɔ
Near-open		ɐ

Sound changes

lord>god>old spell>spell; old spellang loans into old ljopva>ljopva

• ku>kʷ>
  kʷe>k͡ve>k͡ⱱɛ>k͡ⱱa>ⱱa
  kʷ/V_∅>w
• gu>gʷ>k͡p
• g/V_V>k; g/V_∅>ɰ
• b>β>w
• p/∅_V>p̪; p/V_V>ⱱ
• pr>ʙ
• m>ɱ
• s/V_∅>ç>h>:
  s/_V[front vowel]>ɕ; s/_V[back vowel]>ʂ
• n/_k>ŋ
• n/_V[rounded]>ɳ
• n/_V[front]>ɲ
• ŋkʷ>ŋw>ŋ͡ʋ>ŋ͡ɱ>ɱ
• t/V_V>ɾ
  ɾ/_V[back]>ɽ; ɾ/_V[front]>ʔ
• t/_V[rounded]>ʈ
• sʷ>sʋ>sf>
  >f
  sf/i_∅>s͡f (whistle)
• l/_V[rounded]>ɭ
• lʷ>ɭ
• ls>lɬ>ɬ
• li>lj>j
• ki>ci; ci/[unstressed]>ɕj
  ɕj/V_∅>ɕ; ɕj/V_C>ʝ>j; ɕj/V_V>ʑ
• ti>tʲi>ci
• e>ɛ
• ɛ>a
• ʌ>ɔ
• i>ɨ
• ɯ>u
• u>o

Phonotactics

Syllables require an onset, which can't be a flap or tap,

Morphophonology

processes when combining

Morphology

Noun

Class

expressed by the first consonant

• concept (laterals)
• coreful, animate (fricatives)
• coreless, inanimate (plosives)

coreful inanimates loan words from spellang

Particles

• agentive for agents of transitive verbs and volitional subjects of intransitive verbs
• possessive

Verb

Mood

potentials: physical vs. magical evidentials: visual, sensory, hearsay, foretelling

Topic

Referring

once a topic has been presented, it is the one being referred to and the topic of relative clauses

Syntax

Word order

• PV or AV in intransitive
• APV in transitive
• AP₁VP₂ or AP₁P₂V in ditransitive (where P₁ is the theme and P₂ is the recipient)