Eta-Talmic/Swadesh list

The following is a comparative Swadesh list for Proto-Talmic and the (non-Tigolic) Talmic languages. For the Tigolic languages, see Tigol/Swadesh list.

1-19	English	PTal	Thensarian	Nurian	Qazhrian	Tsjoen	Mategian	Roshterian
1	I	nā	nā	nā	nō		na	nia
2	thou			vēr
3	he; she; it
4	we
5	you
6	they
7	this
8	that
9	here
10	there
11	who
12	what			tās
13	where
14	when
15	how
16	not			nīh
17	all
18	many
19	some
20-39	English	PTal	Thensarian	Nurian	Qazhrian	Tsjoen	Mategian	Roshterian
20	few
21	other
22	one
23	two
24	three
25	four
26	five
27	big
28	long
29	wide
30	thick
31	heavy
32	small
33	short
34	narrow
35	thin
36	woman		cabnants	kammąs	kavër			bleit
37	man (male)
38	person
39	child (a youth)		tectas	tettah	tëzh			ṯeit
40-59	English	PTal	Thensarian	Nurian	Qazhrian	Tsjoen	Mategian	Roshterian
40	wife
41	husband
42	mother
43	father
44	animal
45	fish
46	bird
47	dog
48	louse
49	snake
50	worm
51	tree
52	forest
53	stick (of wood)
54	fruit
55	seed
56	leaf
57	root
58	bark (of tree)
59	flower
60-79	English	PTal	Thensarian	Nurian	Qazhrian	Tsjoen	Mategian	Roshterian
60	grass
61	rope
62	skin (of a person)
63	meat (as in flesh)
64	blood
65	bone
66	fat (noun)
67	egg
68	horn
69	tail
70	feather (rather not down)
71	hair
72	head
73	ear
74	eye
75	nose
76	mouth
77	tooth (rather not molar)
78	tongue
79	fingernail
80-99	English	PTal	Thensarian	Nurian	Qazhrian	Tsjoen	Mategian	Roshterian
80	foot
81	leg
82	knee
83	hand
84	wing
85	belly
86	guts
87	neck
88	back
89	breast
90	heart
91	liver
92	to drink
93	to eat
94	to bite
95	to suck
96	to spit
97	to vomit
98	to blow (as wind)
99	to breathe
100-119	English	PTal	Thensarian	Nurian	Qazhrian	Tsjoen	Mategian	Roshterian
100	to laugh
101	to see
102	to hear
103	to know (a fact)
104	to think
105	to smell (sense odor)
106	to fear
107	to sleep
108	to live
109	to die
110	to kill
111	to fight
112	to hunt (transitive)
113	to hit
114	to cut
115	to split
116	to stab (or stick)
117	to scratch (an itch)
118	to dig
119	to swim
120-139	English	PTal	Thensarian	Nurian	Qazhrian	Tsjoen	Mategian	Roshterian
120	to fly
121	to walk
122	to come
123	to lie (as on one's side)
124	to sit
125	to stand
126	to turn (change direction)
127	to fall (as in drop)
128	to give
129	to hold (in one's hand)
130	to squeeze
131	to rub
132	to wash
133	to wipe
134	to pull
135	to push
136	to throw
137	to tie
138	to sew
139	to count
140-159	English	PTal	Thensarian	Nurian	Qazhrian	Tsjoen	Mategian	Roshterian
140	to say
141	to sing
142	to play
143	to float
144	to flow
145	to freeze
146	to swell
147	sun
148	moon
149	star
150	water
151	to rain
152	river
153	lake
154	sea (as in ocean)
155	salt
156	stone
157	sand
158	dust
159	earth (as in soil)
160-179	English	PTal	Thensarian	Nurian	Qazhrian	Tsjoen	Mategian	Roshterian
160	cloud
161	fog
162	sky
163	wind (as in breeze)
164	snow
165	ice
166	smoke
167	fire
168	ashes
169	to burn (intransitive)
170	road
171	mountain
172	red
173	green
174	yellow
175	white
176	black
177	night
178	day (daytime)
179	year
180-199	English	PTal	Thensarian	Nurian	Qazhrian	Tsjoen	Mategian	Roshterian
180	warm (as in weather)
181	cold (as in weather)
182	full
183	new
184	old
185	good
186	bad
187	rotten (as, a log)
188	dirty
189	straight
190	round
191	sharp (as a knife)
192	dull (as a knife)
193	smooth
194	wet
195	dry (adjective)
196	right (correct)
197	near
198	far
199	right (side)
200-207	English	PTal	Thensarian	Nurian	Qazhrian	Tsjoen	Mategian	Roshterian
200	left (side)
201	at
202	in
203	with (accompanying)
204	and
205	if
206	because
207	name

Sandbox

No.	English	Proto-Talmic
1	I	nā
2	you (singular)	wēr
3	he	ham
4	we
5	you (plural)
6	they
7	this	mē, sē
8	that	kwē
9	here
10	there
11	who	tou
12	what	taqʷs
13	where
14	when
15	how
16	not	miso (indicative), δā /daː/ (imperative)
17	all	bās-
18	many	aur-
19	some	cuíth, cuíthe
20	few	qāθa-
21	other	unsom
22	one	kʷēməm
23	two	tiθōr
24	three	nasge
25	four	δaube
26	five	soliθe
27	big	aφardam
28	long	fosni-?
29	wide	θənkojom
30	thick	boktom
31	heavy	garməm
32	small	cell, ceill /tʃɛʟ/
33	short	dois, doise /dœs/
34	narrow	snaŋ, snaiŋ /snaŋ/
35	thin	floir, floire /fʟœl/
36	woman	kabnənts /kawnə/ (f)
37	man (adult male)	soss-
38	man (human being)	kwarəm
39	child	tektə
40	wife	kabnənts
41	husband	sostəm
42	mother	ēmmas
43	father	annōr
44	animal	cúth, cúthar (f)
45	fish	bún, búin /bʉːn, byːn/ (m)
46	bird	duír, duírte (m)
47	dog	saub-
48	louse	clae, claea (m)
49	snake	sóm, sóma (m)
50	worm	luabhadh, luabhta (m)
51	tree	mārom
52	forest	feog, feogar (f) /foːg, foːgəl/
53	stick	aeras, aersa (m)
54	fruit	skorajos (m)
55	seed	φlatnəm (m)
56	leaf	tamē
57	root	fonas, fonsa /fɔnəs, fɔnsə/ (m)
58	bark (of a tree)	sukt- (m)
59	flower	kwatərs
60	grass	cnó, cnóa (m)
61	rope	léd, léda (m)
62	skin	saŋŋ (f)
63	meat	ŋobhtha, ŋobhthar /ŋɔfθə/ (f)
64	blood	ʁeibō (f)
65	bone	smodh, smodhar (f)
66	fat (noun)	úgha, úghaí (m)
67	egg
68	horn	tonθās (f)
69	tail	wlok- (m)
70	feather	snárra, snárrar (f)
71	hair	frenn, freinn (m)
72	head	wīrom; bastəm
73	ear	φantā (f)
74	eye	weikws (f)
75	nose	beon, beonta (m)
76	mouth	cú, cúa (m)
77	tooth	traqis /tɾɛŋ/ (f)
78	tongue (organ)	sár, sáir (m)
79	fingernail	cábh, cáibh (m)
80	foot	mogh, moghar (f)
81	leg	dinen, dinner (f)
82	knee	stégal, stéglar (f)
83	hand	tīmē
84	wing	sterr, sterrar (f)
85	belly	deŋ, deŋar (f)
86	guts	túibher (f)
87	neck	riφtos (n)
88	back	blíon, blíona (m)
89	breast	doc, docar (f)
90	heart	gún, gúnta (m)
91	liver	suirte, suirter (f)
92	to drink	gnúi, gnúigh, gnúiín, gnúithe, gnúi
93	to eat	desc, cáigh, déicín, déctha, descach
94	to bite	asúgh, asúgh, asúghín, asúghta, asú
95	to suck	sát, sátaigh, sítín, sátatha, sátach
96	to spit	scíobh, scíobhaigh, scíobhín, scíobhta, scíobhach
97	to vomit	líobh, líobhaigh, líobhín, líobhta, líobhach
98	to blow	sráil, sráiligh, sráilín, sráilte, sráilech
99	to breathe	níomh, níomhaigh, níomhín, níomhta, níomhach
100	to laugh	ŋasar, ŋasraigh, ŋasrín, ŋasarta, ŋasrach
101	to see	tóil, tóimigh, ésrín, tóimte, dácha
102	to hear	sobhal, sobhlaigh, sobhlín, sobhalta, soibhel
103	to know	laidh cáid ú le X
104	to think	docan, docnaigh, docnín, docnata, docan
105	to smell	toŋŋ, toŋŋaigh, tiŋŋín, toŋŋta, taŋŋ
106	to fear	laidh gobhas ar X
107	to sleep	éint, éintigh, éintín, éintete, éintech /iːnt, iːntəx/
108	to live	arm, armaigh, armín, armta, arm
109	to die	asaŋ, asŋaigh, asŋín, asŋata, asaiŋŋt
110	to kill	fuithen, fuithnigh
111	to fight	nes, nesaigh, nesín, nesta, nesach
112	to hunt	nacht, nachtaigh, nachtín, nachtata, nachtach
113	to hit	soŋŋ, sógaigh, sóigín, sógtaigh, saŋŋ
114	to cut	tremh, tremhaigh, treimhín, tremhta, tremhach
115	to split	crós, crósigh, crisín, crosta, crasta
116	to stab	baisil, baisligh, baislín, baiselte, baislech
117	to scratch	srioch, srioch, sriochaín, sriochta, sriochach
118	to dig	dolabh, dolabhaigh, dolabhín, dolabhta, dolabhach
119	to swim	derraiŋ, derraiŋigh, derraiŋín, derraiŋte, derraiŋŋt
120	to fly	eádh, eádhaigh, eádhín, eádhata, eádh
121	to walk	crígh, crígh, críghín, críghte, crígh
122	to come	déir, sordaigh, déirín, sordata, sord
123	to lie (as in a bed)	aird, airdigh, airdín, airdete, aird (to be lying)
124	to sit	dolas, dolasaigh, doilesín, dolasta, dolas
125	to stand	dothach, dothaigh, dothín, dothata, dothach
126	to turn (intransitive)	fulda, fálaigh, fulmáín, fáltaigh, fálach
127	to fall	rolath, rolathaigh, rolathín, rolastaigh, rolas
128	to give	scobh, arfaigh, áibín, scobhta, ascabh
129	to hold	dóm, dómaigh, dómín, dómta, dóm
130	to squeeze	nioc, niocaigh, nicín, nioctha, nioc
131	to rub	róich, róichigh, róichín, róichte, róichech
132	to wash	blae, blae, blaeín, blaetha, blae
133	to wipe	clodh, clodhaigh, clidhín, clóta, cladh
134	to pull	uiper, uiprigh, uiprín, uiperte, uiprech
135	to push	srao, srao, sraoín, sraotha, srao
136	to throw	scún, scúnaigh, scúinín, scúnta, scún
137	to tie	madhan, madhnaigh, madhnín, madhnata, madhnach
138	to sew	miath, miathaigh, miathín, miathata, miathach
139	to count	slach, slachaigh, slachaín, slachta, slach
140	to say	gémh, tobhaigh, tibhín, toichte, gelŋa
141	to sing	gál, gálaigh, gálín, gálta, gálach /gɑʟ, gɑʟəx/
142	to play	bothal, bothlaigh, bothlín, bothalta, bothlach
143	to float	torbh, torbhaigh, tirbhín, torbhata, tarbh
144	to flow	rulc, rulcaigh, rulcaín, rulctha, rulcach
145	to freeze	ásc, áscaigh, áscaín, áscata, áscach
146	to swell
147	sun	andō
148	moon	sausmam
149	star	ilmē
150	water	jenaqʷs
151	rain	quids
152	river	leqnom
153	lake	wekwtī
154	sea	smó, smóa /smoː, smoːə/ (m), fón, fóna (m)
155	salt	caeth, caetha (m)
156	stone	neild, neilder (f)
157	sand	ŋorr, ŋorra (m)
158	dust	síogh (m)
159	earth	luabh /ʟuəv/ (f)
160	cloud	beŋŋa, beŋŋar /bɛŋə, bɛŋəl/ (f)
161	fog	stioch, stiocha /stɪx, stɪxə/ (m)
162	sky	gweusō (f)
163	wind	coll, colla /kɔʟ/ (m)
164	snow	suíobh, suíobha /siːv/ (m)
165	ice	ʁagutom
166	smoke
167	fire	stuφs
168	ash
169	to burn	fuith, fuist
170	road	griabh /gɾiəv/ (f)
171	mountain	scaimh /skɛw/ (m)
172	red	lós, lósa /ʟɵːs/
173	green	bes, besa /bɛs/
174	yellow	raech, raecha /ɾeːx/
175	white	eo, eotha /ɵː/
176	black	ŋiúl, ŋiúil /ŋʊʟ/
177	night	míon, míonar /miːn/ (m)
178	day	ruaigh, ruaithe /ɾyəj/ (m)
179	year	fál, fálta /ˈfaːʟ/ (m)
180	warm	fúnn, fúnna /fʉːn/
181	cold	srabh, sraibh /sɾav/
182	full	tuíoch, tuích
183	new	serŋ, serŋa /sɛlŋ/
184	old	daer, daera
185	good	sámh, sáimh /saːw, seːw/
186	bad	foig, foige
187	rotten	ŋáiden, ŋáidin
188	dirty	tagar, tagair
189	straight	biúl, biúil
190	round	snú, snúa /snʉː/
191	sharp (as a knife)	ŋiath, ŋéith
192	dull (as a knife)	lonnan, lonnain
193	smooth	bád, báid
194	wet	gias, géis
195	dry	ŋrae, ŋraea
196	correct	merg, meirg
197	near	stágh, stáigh
198	far	ŋelan, ŋelain
199	right	soŋan
200	left	breth
201	at	dē
202	in	dē
203	with	co
204	and	ankw
205	if
206	because
207	name	welis