View source for Umbrean/Verbs

==Voices==
Umbrean language has 4 voices, Active, Anti-passive, Passive and Applicative.
===Active===
Active voice is the standard in main clauses but never occures in relative clauses.

Commonly used for:

'''Action focus''': When the focus is on the action more than any specific participent.

===Anti-Passive===
Anti-passive voice raises the  Agent to a Subject status. It is grammaticly neccisery in Relative and noun clauses

Commonly used for:

'''Agent Focus''': When the focus is on the agent doing the action rather than the action itself

'''{{lg|Volition}}''': The agent intends the action upon the object.

'''Reflexive''': The agent does it upon itself. '''I wash myself'''

===Passive===

'''Patient Focus''': When the focus is on the patient having the action done upon

'''Anti-volition''': The agent doesn't intends the action upon the object.

'''Reciprocal''': Subjects do it onto each other. ''Adam and Jenny cut each others hair''

===Circumstantial===
The Circumstantial voice raises an oblique argument to the subject of the verb and demotes all other arguments into oblique ones making them intransitive.

This voice requires a postpositional particle infront of the verb and the proper verbal form.

'''Oblique Focus''': When the focus is on the oblique of the sentence

'''{{lg|Politeness}}''': When one speaks in polite manners.

==Moods==
===Indicative===
Indicative mood is standard mood. 

Used for:

'''Factual''': Stating when something is factually true. "Water '''boils''' at 100°"

'''Probable''': When things are likely to be true. "Josh '''is''' at the store"

===Optative===
Optative mood expresses desired, wished or hoped things.

Used for:

'''Desiderative''': Expresses something that is desired, english "wish to" or "want to". "I '''want to see''' your paper"

'''Hopes''': Expresses a hope for something to be true "I '''hope'''' that emily '''got''' there"

'''Wishes''': Expresses a wish for something to be true. "I '''wish for''' world peace"

'''{{lg|Hortative mood|Hortative}}''': Expresses encouragement for the event. "'''Let us''' go to the theater!"

===Subjunctive===
Subjunctive expresses {{lg|Irrealis|irrealis}}

Used for:

'''Potential''': Expresses the action being possibly true.

'''Oppinion''': Expresses opinion of the speaker

'''Improbable''': Expresses when things are unlikely to be true.

'''Doubt''': Expresses when the speaker doubts the action having occured.

===Imperative===

'''Demand''': Expresses a demand for the action to occure

'''Command''': Expresses a commandment for the action to occure.

==Tenses==
===Present===

{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center;"
! Tense
! Aspect
|-
| Present
| Continuative <br> Progressive
|}

The present tense is used for following.

'''Acctual present''':  This expresses an action that is being done at the very moment. "I '''am going'''".
{{AT-prog.prs|present}}

'''Continued Present''': The continuation of a previously halted event. "I '''continued walking'''"
{{AT-ctn.prs|present}}

===Aortis===

{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center;"
! Tense
! Aspect
|-
| Past
| Perfective
|}

'''An action that was done in the past''': Expresses an action that is viewed as a completed event. 
{{AT-pfv.pst|Aortis}}

===Consequentum===

{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center;"
! Tense
! Aspect
|-
| Past<br>Present
| Prospective
|}

'''Consequentative''': Describes an action being the consequence of something else previously in the past. 

'''Post-Past''': Describes an action that happened or is happening after another in the past.
{{AT-pro.pst/act|Consequentum}}
{{AT-pro.prs/act|Consequentum}}

===Causum===

{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center;"
! Tense
! Aspect
|-
| Future<br>Present
| Retrospective
|}

'''Causative''': Expresses events that is or will cause something

'''Pre-future''': Expresses an event that happens now or later before a future event

{{AT-ret.fut/act|Causum}}
{{AT-ret.prs/act|Causum}}

===Past Initio===

{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center;"
! Tense
! Aspect
|-
| Past
| Inceptive
|}

'''Started past''': Describes anaction being started in the past.
{{AT-incep.pst|Past<br>Initio}}

===Futurum===

{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center;"
! Tense
! Aspect
|-
| Future
| Perfective
|-
| Present<br>Future
| Habitual
|}

'''Future Event''': Expresses an action that will be done in the future.
{{AT-pfv.fut|Futurum}}

'''Habitual''': Expresses an action done habitually in the present or future
{{AT-hab.prs|Futurum}}
{{AT-hab.fut|Futurum}}

===Futurum Consequenta===

{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center;"
! Tense
! Aspect
|-
| Future
| Prospective
|}

The Fuspectum tense describes an event taking place after another event that is in the present or future.

'''Consequentative Future''': Describes an action that will happen because of something else.

'''Consequence''': Describes an action that is the consequence of previous actions

'''Neccesitive Future''': Describes an action that must happen or highly likely to happen because of earlier events

'''Post-future''': Describes an action that happens in the future after another one. 

{{AT-pro.fut/act|Futurum Consequenta}}

===Historal Causum===

{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center;"
! Tense
! Aspect
|-
| Past
| Retrospective
|}

{{AT-ret.pst/act|Historal<br>Causum}}

'''Past causative''': Describes an action in the past being the cause of other events in time after.

'''Result of Present''': Expresses events that has its condition still fullfilled in the presens or past

'''Pre-past''': Describes an action that happened in the past prior to another.

'''Historical''': Describes an event that occured in the past and is accepted as historical fact.

===Futurum Initio===

{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center;"
! Tense
! Aspect
|-
| Future
| Inceptive
|}

'''Initiate future''': Describes an event that is started in the future.
{{AT-incep.fut|Futurum Initio}}

===Initio===

{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center;"
! Tense
! Aspect
|-
| Present
| Inceptive
|-
| Future
| Continuative
|}

'''Inceptive Present''': Describes an action that is started in the present. "'''''I am starting to walk'''''"
{{AT-incep.prs|Initio}}

'''Conitnued future''': Describes an action that will be continued in the future after havingbeen ceased prior. "'''''I will conitnue walking'''''"
{{AT-ctn.fut|Initio}}

'''Progressive future''': Describes an action that is progressed in the future. "'''''I will be going'''''"
{{AT-prog.fut|Initio}}

===Futurum Termius===

{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center;"
! Tense
! Aspect
|-
| Future
| Pausative <br> Terminative
|}


'''Paused future''': Describes an event or action that will be paused and then resumed in the future.
{{AT-pas.fut|Futermius}}

'''Terminated future''': Describes an event or action that will be terminated in the future and never continued.
{{AT-term.fut|Futermius}}

'''Non-existent future''': Describes an event that is unlikely to ever occure and most likely never will.

===Plerum===

{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center;"
! Tense
! Aspect
|-
| Future<br>Past<br>Present
| Genericative
|}

The Plerum tense describes an event or state that is universal, habitual or recurrsive.

'''Universal''': Expresses things that are universal, independed of time and space. "water '''boils''' at 100°"

'''Habitual''': Expresses things that one does habitually. "I '''walk''' to work"

'''Cyclic''': Expresses things that occures in a cyclic or semicyclic manner.

{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center;"
| colspan=13 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Plerum'''
|-
| colspan=1 | 
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Plerum'''
| colspan=1 | 
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Plerum'''
| colspan=1 | 
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Plerum'''
| colspan=1 | 
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Plerum'''
| colspan=1 | 
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Plerum'''
| colspan=1 | 
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Plerum'''
| colspan=1 | 
|- style="border-top:2px solid;"
{{AT-Bottom}}
|}

===Ingressus===

{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center;"
! Tense
! Aspect
|-
| Past
| Pausative <br> Continuative
|}

'''Paused action''': Expresses an action that was temporarly paused. "'''''I was walking and then stopped for icecream'''''"

'''An action interrupted by another action''':  Expresses an action that was in progress when another action took place. "'''''I was walking when he came along'''''"

{{AT-pas.pst|Ingressus}}

'''Resumed action''': Expresses an action that was resumed after having been stopped. "'''''I continued walking'''''"

{{AT-ctn.pst|Ingressus}}

'''Progressed Past''': Describes an action that was progressed in the past. "'''''I was walking'''''"
{{AT-prog.pst|Ingressus}}

===Pausa===

{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center;"
! Tense
! Aspect
|-
| Present
| Pausative
|}

The Pausa tense describes an event that is being paused in the present, about to be paused or has recently been paused.

{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center;"
| colspan=1 | 
| colspan=5 bgcolor=#c0e4cf | '''Event'''
| colspan=2 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Pausa'''
| colspan=5 | 
|- style="border-top:2px solid;"
{{AT-Bottom}}
|}

===Finitum===

{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center;"
! Tense
! Aspect
|-
| Present <br> Past
| Terminative
|}

The Finitum tense describes an event that is being terminated, finished or stopped and an event that was stopped or finished in the past.

{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center;"
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4cf | '''Event'''
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Finitum'''
| colspan=11 | 
|-
| colspan=1 | 
| colspan=5 bgcolor=#c0e4cf | '''Event'''
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Finitum'''
| colspan=6 | 
|- style="border-top:2px solid;"
{{AT-Bottom}}
|}
[[Category:Umbrean]]