View source for Common Elvish

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Common Elvish is ...
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==Introduction==

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<!-- ***Phonology*** -->
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Vowel inventory
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==History==


*/m/ before /i/ > /f/ 
Ex: murá "dead" > fira "dead" (PHIR-)

Ex: hūlá "fiery" > níra


Ilfira


The root for "death" has a nominal stem (NÚR-) and an adjectival stem (PHIR-)

núru "death"

maur > NÚR-




fira




il- "not/un-" (Adamic al)

ilfirin

==Phonology==


Vowel inventory
Consonant inventory
Syllable structure
Stress
Intonation

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===Orthography===
===Consonants===

===Vowels===
===Prosody===
====Stress====
====Intonation====



===Phonotactics===
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. -->
===Morphophonology===
==Morphology==

In CE words are either DARK or BRIGHT:

: ''HÚ'' "dog"

: ''ALBA'' "person"

Sounds other than L and N are conserved at the end of roots:

: ''qaúl'' "speech" > ''QUË'' "speech"

: ''maúr'' > ''NÚR'' "death"

With the article open syllables are long and closed syllables short:

: ''HÚ'' "dog" > ''u húo'' 

: ''ALBA'' "person" > ''i elbi''

The plural:

: ''u húo'' "the dog" > ''i níe'' "the dogs"

:  ''i elbi '' "the person" > ''u orgu'' "the persons"

Third-person agreement does not trigger euphony:

: ''u quënda'' "he is the language" / ''quënda u'' "he, the language"

: ''ou quëndaë'' "he [X]-s the language", ''quëndaë ou'' "he is [X]-ed by the language"

: ''óua quëndáëa'' "the language of his", ''quëndáëa óua'' "the language to him"

Masculine agreement in first-person triggers: 

: ''nu belen'' "I am a speaker" / ''belen nu'' "I, the speaker"
: ''angu belein'' "I speak" / ''belein angu'' "I am spoken"
: ''arcnu beléian'' "a speaker of mine" / ''beléian arcnu'' "a speaker to me" 

Feminine agreement in first-person triggers:
: ''mi golon'' "I am a speaker" / ''golon mi'' "I, the speaker"
: ''ambi goloun'' "I speak" / ''goloun ambi'' "I am spoken"
: ''dalpmi golóuan'' "a speaker of mine"  / ''golóuan dalpmi'' "a speaker to me" 



the first position is the subject followed by a copula;  sentences are SOV (the object is always NEUTER); and the possessor is always the second element:

: ''u húo ëa quënda'' "

: ''ou hóua quëndaë bel'' "the dog speaks the language"

: ''quëndáëa óua hóuada''  "the dog's language"


Compare

: ''óua quëndáëa'' "the  language of his"

: ''óua gondáëa'' "the languages"


Masculine roots:

: hú, u húo, i níe, 

: hóua, ou hóua, ei néia, 

: hóuada, óua hóuada, éia néiada



Neuter roots
quënda, i benda, u gonda 
quëndaë, ei bendaë, ou gondaë 
quëndáëa, éia bendáëa, óua gondáëa

quënda (when non-subject of non-pronouns)
benda (when subject of non-pronouns or connected to masculine pronouns)
gonda (when subject of non-pronouns or connected to pronouns)









quëndáëa /kʷɨndaːɨ̯a/

a/ë > aë > áëa

m > mb > lpm
n > nd > ∅
n > ng > rkn
l > lb > mbl
r > rd > ndr

dalpmi / darcnu

i (n) > e-i (#) > a-e-i (#)

i (v) > i-e > i-e-a

e (v) > 

P > P-L > P-L-T > P-L-T-N

N N-R-M (I)
N N-R-H (U)

M > M-L-N  > M-L-N-D
D-R-P-

u><i, e><o, a><y

u>o, i>e, a>y

ai ē

i > ei > eia

If a pure root ends in a vowel, the singular is formed by adding ''-RV'' (canonic ''-l''). If the last vowel is ''i'' or ''u'', however, one adds ''-e'' or ''-o'' instead. 

:''QUE-'' > ''quele'' "sound"

:''HÚ-'' > ''húo'' "dog"

If a suffix is added to the root, there may be two singulars; one passive ending in ''-a'' (Adamic ''-a''') and one active in ''-ë''.

:''QUË-'' + ''-n-'' [passive nominal affix] > ''quënda'' "speech" / ''quendë'' "speaker"



The personal pronouns:

: ''nu'' "I (masc.)", ''mi'' "I (fem.)"

: ''luo, rie'' "you (sin.)"

: ''ou, ei'' "he, she"

lunda "flood", lundë "rain"

==Sound Laws==

Common Elvish

*If two bordering syllables/syllable portions possess the same consonant, the consonant of the weakest syllable (portion) disappears.<br>
EX: Adamic  ''vāl'' "person" and ''vār'' "people" become ''alf'' (not ''*falf'') and ''elbi''.<br>

*Assimilation:
*Harmony: [a > e > i] or [i > e > a]<br>
*Mutation: consonants extend grade until there is only one.<br>
m/n + p -mb [extension of p]<br>
m/n + t -nd [extension of t]<br>
r/l + f -lb [extension of l]<br>
r/l + c -rd [extension of r]<br>
r/l + m = -lm [extension of m]<br>
r/l + n = -rn [extension of n]<br>
*/s/ and /d/ can only happen before /a/, and if the opposite were to happen, the nucleus would be dropped.

alba "people" [alf, elbi]
arda "things" [arc, irida]
alma "high faculties" [a, elmi]
arna "emotions, sensations" [an, erni]
amba "time" [amf, embi]
anda "space" [anc, inida]
-
endar "land", arni "lands"
embal "celestial body", ambeli...

NA > ni [0], nae [1]
alba enir
ni, pe, ae
MA
NA
PA
TA
LA
RA
-
ALBA
ARDA
AMBA
ANDA
ALMA
ARNA

iru > eri > ere
anu > ni

===Consonants===


===Vowels===
===Prosody===
====Stress====
====Intonation====

===Phonotactics===
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. -->
==Black Speech==

==Syntax==
===Constituent order===
===Noun phrase===
===Verb phrase===
===Sentence phrase===
===Dependent clauses===
<!-- etc. etc. -->

==Example texts==
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==Other resources==
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https://folk.uib.no/hnohf/primelv.htm


[[Category:Common Elvish]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]