Adwan - Revision history

Sware: Infobox and wikified

2021-07-15T12:10:59Z

Infobox and wikified

Lctrgzmn: /* Cases */

2019-12-10T02:24:56Z

Cases

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:24, 10 December 2019
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	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|-		\|-
	\| Nominative \|\| -a		! Nominative
			\| -a
	\|-		\|-
	\| Accusative \|\| -w		! Accusative
			\| -w
	\|-		\|-
	\| Genitive \|\| -y		! Genitive
			\| -y
	\|-		\|-
	\| Dative \|\| -u		! Dative
			\| -u
	\|-		\|-
	\| Locative \|\| -e		! Locative
			\| -e
	\|-		\|-
	\| Ablative \|\| -o		! Ablative
			\| -o
	\|-		\|-
	\| Instrumental \|\| -i		! Instrumental
			\| -i
	\|}		\|}

Lctrgzmn: /* Cases */

2019-12-10T02:23:49Z

Cases

@@ Line 113: / Line 113: @@
 # Locative case: marks the location of an action; marks nouns for which movement has no direction; used to form adverbs of place
 # Ablative case: marks the source of an action; defines an object as the <i>antidirection</i> or <i>source</i> of a directed action, motion-related or not
-# Instrumental case: marks the instrument or means by which an action is defined or executed; used to form adverbs of manner;
+# Instrumental case: marks the instrument or means by which an action is defined or executed; used to form adverbs of manner
 == Syntax ==
 Adwan generally has free word order, even in the case of compound clauses, as subordination is nontrivially expressed in general phrases. While Adwan word order is generally free, the standard unmarked word order follows a VOS pattern, though justifications for this are entirely based on the historical cliticization of now extinct personal pronouns, which can be identified by the general pattern of marking grammatical person of a verb agent (or subject) on a <i>noun</i> argument of the verb, rather than on the verb itself.

Lctrgzmn at 03:24, 9 December 2019

2019-12-09T03:24:06Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:24, 9 December 2019
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	==== Cases ====		==== Cases ====
			Nouns in Adwan are inflected for grammatical case.
			# Nominative case: marks the agent of a transitive verb and the subject of an intransitive verb
			# Accusative case: marks the patient or direct object of a transitive verb
			# Genitive case: marks the complement of a noun phrase; marks nouns as relational; marks the subject of an impersonal phrase; used to form adverbs of time
			# Dative case: marks the recipient or benefactor of a ditransitive verb; defines an object as the <i>direction</i> or <i>destination</i> of a directed action, motion-related or not
			# Locative case: marks the location of an action; marks nouns for which movement has no direction; used to form adverbs of place
			# Ablative case: marks the source of an action; defines an object as the <i>antidirection</i> or <i>source</i> of a directed action, motion-related or not
			# Instrumental case: marks the instrument or means by which an action is defined or executed; used to form adverbs of manner;
	== Syntax ==		== Syntax ==
	Adwan generally has free word order, even in the case of compound clauses, as subordination is nontrivially expressed in general phrases. While Adwan word order is generally free, the standard unmarked word order follows a VOS pattern, though justifications for this are entirely based on the historical cliticization of now extinct personal pronouns, which can be identified by the general pattern of marking grammatical person of a verb agent (or subject) on a <i>noun</i> argument of the verb, rather than on the verb itself.		Adwan generally has free word order, even in the case of compound clauses, as subordination is nontrivially expressed in general phrases. While Adwan word order is generally free, the standard unmarked word order follows a VOS pattern, though justifications for this are entirely based on the historical cliticization of now extinct personal pronouns, which can be identified by the general pattern of marking grammatical person of a verb agent (or subject) on a <i>noun</i> argument of the verb, rather than on the verb itself.

Учхљёная: Categories.

2019-12-06T14:14:37Z

Categories.

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:14, 6 December 2019
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	== Syntax ==		== Syntax ==
	Adwan generally has free word order, even in the case of compound clauses, as subordination is nontrivially expressed in general phrases. While Adwan word order is generally free, the standard unmarked word order follows a VOS pattern, though justifications for this are entirely based on the historical cliticization of now extinct personal pronouns, which can be identified by the general pattern of marking grammatical person of a verb agent (or subject) on a <i>noun</i> argument of the verb, rather than on the verb itself.		Adwan generally has free word order, even in the case of compound clauses, as subordination is nontrivially expressed in general phrases. While Adwan word order is generally free, the standard unmarked word order follows a VOS pattern, though justifications for this are entirely based on the historical cliticization of now extinct personal pronouns, which can be identified by the general pattern of marking grammatical person of a verb agent (or subject) on a <i>noun</i> argument of the verb, rather than on the verb itself.

			[[Category:Languages]]
			[[Category:A priori]]

Lctrgzmn: /* Nouns */

2019-12-06T05:09:20Z

Nouns

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:09, 6 December 2019
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	Adwan exhibits little to no standalone determiners as free morphemes. Instead, an array of determiner infixes are used with nouns, with determiner and possessive infixes exhibiting a complementary distribution (i.e., determiner infixes and posssessive infixes can never be found together in the same noun, each being seen as exclusive to the other). Thus, in order to express <i>"This is my dog"</i>, the determiners corresponding to 'this' and 'my' would need to belong to separate head nouns. Consider the infix <i>-ent-</i>. While the utterance <i>'purgenta'</i> and <i>'purgina'</i> roughly translate to 'this dog' and 'my dog', the corresponding expressions for 'this is my dog' and 'this dog is mine' would require the determiner infix <i>-ent-</i> corresponding to 'this' and the determiner infix <i>-in-</i> corresponding to 'my' would need to be situated in entirely different nouns; as mentioned above, the empty noun stem <i>h</i> is used in these sorts of situations, as shown below:		Adwan exhibits little to no standalone determiners as free morphemes. Instead, an array of determiner infixes are used with nouns, with determiner and possessive infixes exhibiting a complementary distribution (i.e., determiner infixes and posssessive infixes can never be found together in the same noun, each being seen as exclusive to the other). Thus, in order to express <i>"This is my dog"</i>, the determiners corresponding to 'this' and 'my' would need to belong to separate head nouns. Consider the infix <i>-ent-</i>. While the utterance <i>'purgenta'</i> and <i>'purgina'</i> roughly translate to 'this dog' and 'my dog', the corresponding expressions for 'this is my dog' and 'this dog is mine' would require the determiner infix <i>-ent-</i> corresponding to 'this' and the determiner infix <i>-in-</i> corresponding to 'my' would need to be situated in entirely different nouns; as mentioned above, the empty noun stem <i>h</i> is used in these sorts of situations, as shown below:
	* <i>Purg<u>ina</u>r h<u>enta</u>.</i><br>Purg-in-a-r h-ent-a<br>dog-1.POSS-NOM-3 Ø-PROX-NOM<br>"This is my dog."		* <i>Purg<u>ina</u>r h<u>enta</u>.</i><br><i>Purg-in-a-r h-ent-a</i><br>dog-1.POSS-NOM-3 Ø-PROX-NOM<br>"This is my dog."
	* <i>H<u>ina</u>r purg<u>enta</u>.</i><br>H-in-a-r purg-ent-a<br>Ø-1.POSS-NOM-3 dog-PROX-NOM<br>"This dog is mine."		* <i>H<u>ina</u>r purg<u>enta</u>.</i><br><i>H-in-a-r purg-ent-a</i><br>Ø-1.POSS-NOM-3 dog-PROX-NOM<br>"This dog is mine."

	==== Cases ====		==== Cases ====

Lctrgzmn at 04:44, 6 December 2019

2019-12-06T04:44:57Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:44, 6 December 2019
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	== Syntax ==		== Syntax ==
			Adwan generally has free word order, even in the case of compound clauses, as subordination is nontrivially expressed in general phrases. While Adwan word order is generally free, the standard unmarked word order follows a VOS pattern, though justifications for this are entirely based on the historical cliticization of now extinct personal pronouns, which can be identified by the general pattern of marking grammatical person of a verb agent (or subject) on a <i>noun</i> argument of the verb, rather than on the verb itself.

Lctrgzmn: /* Nouns */

2019-12-06T04:39:32Z

Nouns

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:39, 6 December 2019
Line 99:		Line 99:
	Noun morphology is largely agglutinative with varying mechanisms of agglutination based on the grammatical category and paradigm involved. Noun case can be viewed as appending a vowel suffix to the stem of a noun, and varying that stem according to the necessary case, i.e., case distinctions are made by variations in a single vowel.		Noun morphology is largely agglutinative with varying mechanisms of agglutination based on the grammatical category and paradigm involved. Noun case can be viewed as appending a vowel suffix to the stem of a noun, and varying that stem according to the necessary case, i.e., case distinctions are made by variations in a single vowel.

	Nouns may be marked for possession, where a possessed noun is marked for its possessor. Because of this, Adwan has no possessive pronouns, and in fact employs an empty nominal stem ("h", which incidentally is called the "pseudopronoun") in predicative constructions denoting possession such as "<i>that's mine!</i>". The affixes involved in marking nouns for possession are actually <i>infixes</i>, fitting in between the noun stem and the case ending. Therefore, since the infix for the 1st person is <i>-in-</i>, it follows that the noun <i>purga</i> ("dog"), would be expressed as <i>purgina</i> for the English translation of "my dog".		Nouns may be marked for possession, where a possessed noun is marked for its possessor. Because of this, Adwan has no possessive pronouns, and in fact employs an empty nominal stem ("h", which incidentally is called the "pseudopronoun" as it is used for non-noun arguments to a verb, see pseudopronoun section for more details) in predicative constructions denoting possession such as "<i>that's mine!</i>". The affixes involved in marking nouns for possession are actually <i>infixes</i>, fitting in between the noun stem and the case ending. Therefore, since the infix for the 1st person is <i>-in-</i>, it follows that the noun <i>purga</i> ("dog"), would be expressed as <i>purgina</i> for the English translation of "my dog".

	Adwan exhibits little to no standalone determiners as free morphemes. Instead, an array of determiner infixes are used with nouns, with determiner and possessive infixes exhibiting a complementary distribution (i.e., determiner infixes and posssessive infixes can never be found together in the same noun, each being seen as exclusive to the other). Thus, in order to express <i>"This is my dog"</i>, the determiners corresponding to 'this' and 'my' would need to belong to separate head nouns. Consider the infix <i>-ent-</i>. While the utterance <i>'purgenta'</i> and <i>'purgina'</i> roughly translate to 'this dog' and 'my dog', the corresponding expressions for 'this is my dog' and 'this dog is mine' would require the determiner infix <i>-ent-</i> corresponding to 'this' and the determiner infix <i>-in-</i> corresponding to 'my' would need to be situated in entirely different nouns; as mentioned above, the empty noun stem <i>h</i> is used in these sorts of situations, as shown below:		Adwan exhibits little to no standalone determiners as free morphemes. Instead, an array of determiner infixes are used with nouns, with determiner and possessive infixes exhibiting a complementary distribution (i.e., determiner infixes and posssessive infixes can never be found together in the same noun, each being seen as exclusive to the other). Thus, in order to express <i>"This is my dog"</i>, the determiners corresponding to 'this' and 'my' would need to belong to separate head nouns. Consider the infix <i>-ent-</i>. While the utterance <i>'purgenta'</i> and <i>'purgina'</i> roughly translate to 'this dog' and 'my dog', the corresponding expressions for 'this is my dog' and 'this dog is mine' would require the determiner infix <i>-ent-</i> corresponding to 'this' and the determiner infix <i>-in-</i> corresponding to 'my' would need to be situated in entirely different nouns; as mentioned above, the empty noun stem <i>h</i> is used in these sorts of situations, as shown below:

Lctrgzmn: /* Nouns */

2019-12-06T04:38:09Z

Nouns

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:38, 6 December 2019
Line 99:		Line 99:
	Noun morphology is largely agglutinative with varying mechanisms of agglutination based on the grammatical category and paradigm involved. Noun case can be viewed as appending a vowel suffix to the stem of a noun, and varying that stem according to the necessary case, i.e., case distinctions are made by variations in a single vowel.		Noun morphology is largely agglutinative with varying mechanisms of agglutination based on the grammatical category and paradigm involved. Noun case can be viewed as appending a vowel suffix to the stem of a noun, and varying that stem according to the necessary case, i.e., case distinctions are made by variations in a single vowel.

	Nouns may be marked for possession, where a possessed noun is marked for its possessor. Because of this, Adwan has no possessive pronouns, and in fact employs an empty nominal stem ("h", which incidentally is the ~~stem for~~ "~~pronouns~~") in predicative constructions denoting possession such as "<i>that's mine!</i>". The affixes involved in marking nouns for possession are actually <i>infixes</i>, fitting in between the noun stem and the case ending. Therefore, since the infix for the 1st person is <i>-in-</i>, it follows that the noun <i>purga</i> ("dog"), would be expressed as <i>purgina</i> for the English translation of "my dog".		Nouns may be marked for possession, where a possessed noun is marked for its possessor. Because of this, Adwan has no possessive pronouns, and in fact employs an empty nominal stem ("h", which incidentally is called the "pseudopronoun") in predicative constructions denoting possession such as "<i>that's mine!</i>". The affixes involved in marking nouns for possession are actually <i>infixes</i>, fitting in between the noun stem and the case ending. Therefore, since the infix for the 1st person is <i>-in-</i>, it follows that the noun <i>purga</i> ("dog"), would be expressed as <i>purgina</i> for the English translation of "my dog".

	Adwan exhibits little to no standalone determiners as free morphemes. Instead, an array of determiner infixes are used with nouns, with determiner and possessive infixes exhibiting a complementary distribution (i.e., determiner infixes and posssessive infixes can never be found together in the same noun, each being seen as exclusive to the other). Thus, in order to express <i>"This is my dog"</i>, the determiners corresponding to 'this' and 'my' would need to belong to separate head nouns. Consider the infix <i>-ent-</i>. While the utterance <i>'purgenta'</i> and <i>'purgina'</i> roughly translate to 'this dog' and 'my dog', the corresponding expressions for 'this is my dog' and 'this dog is mine' would require the determiner infix <i>-ent-</i> corresponding to 'this' and the determiner infix <i>-in-</i> corresponding to 'my' would need to be situated in entirely different nouns; as mentioned above, the empty noun stem <i>h</i> is used in these sorts of situations, as shown below:		Adwan exhibits little to no standalone determiners as free morphemes. Instead, an array of determiner infixes are used with nouns, with determiner and possessive infixes exhibiting a complementary distribution (i.e., determiner infixes and posssessive infixes can never be found together in the same noun, each being seen as exclusive to the other). Thus, in order to express <i>"This is my dog"</i>, the determiners corresponding to 'this' and 'my' would need to belong to separate head nouns. Consider the infix <i>-ent-</i>. While the utterance <i>'purgenta'</i> and <i>'purgina'</i> roughly translate to 'this dog' and 'my dog', the corresponding expressions for 'this is my dog' and 'this dog is mine' would require the determiner infix <i>-ent-</i> corresponding to 'this' and the determiner infix <i>-in-</i> corresponding to 'my' would need to be situated in entirely different nouns; as mentioned above, the empty noun stem <i>h</i> is used in these sorts of situations, as shown below:

Lctrgzmn: /* Nouns */

2019-12-06T04:36:08Z

Nouns

@@ Line 97: / Line 97: @@
 == Morphology ==
 === Nouns ===
 == Syntax ==