Besagren - Revision history

Jukethatbox at 02:21, 19 November 2023

2023-11-19T02:21:16Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:21, 19 November 2023
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	{{Infobox language		{{Infobox language
	\|name = Besagren		\|name = Besagren
	\|nativename = besodxun<br/>cerissu besodxun		\|nativename = besodxun<br/>cerissu besodxun
	\|pronunciation = [beˈsaddʒi]<br/>[ˈkeruʃu beˈsoddʒun]		\|pronunciation = beˈsaddʒi<br/>ˈkeruʃu beˈsoddʒun
	\|~~region~~ = Western Evandor (Besagren Plateau)		\|states = Western Evandor (Besagren Plateau)
	\|ethnicity = Besagrens		\|ethnicity = Besagrens
	\|speakers = {{formatnum:62000000}}		\|speakers = {{formatnum:62000000}}
	\|date = 2312		\|date = 2312
	\|setting = [[Verse:Calémere\|Calémere]]		\|setting = [[Verse:Calémere\|Calémere]]
	\|familycolor = ~~#33FF99~~		\|familycolor = Dravidian
	\|fam1 = [[Evandorian languages]]		\|fam1 = [[Evandorian languages]]
	\|fam2 = Central Evandorian		\|fam2 = Central Evandorian
	\|fam3 = Íscégon		\|fam3 = Íscégon
	\|creator = [[User:Lili21~~\|Lili21]]~~		\|creator = User:Lili21
	\|created = Sep 2017		\|created = Sep 2017
	\|script = Íscégon script for Besagren		\|script = Íscégon script for Besagren

Lili21 at 10:26, 10 July 2018

2018-07-10T10:26:17Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:26, 10 July 2018
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{Infobox language		{{Infobox language
	\|name = Besagren		\|name = Besagren
	\|nativename = ~~besadxi~~<br/>cerissu ~~besadxi~~		\|nativename = besodxun<br/>cerissu besodxun
	\|pronunciation = [beˈsaddʒi]<br/>[~~ˈkeriʃu beˈsaddʒi~~]		\|pronunciation = [beˈsaddʒi]<br/>[ˈkeruʃu beˈsoddʒun]
	\|region = Western Evandor (Besagren Plateau)		\|region = Western Evandor (Besagren Plateau)
	\|ethnicity = Besagrens		\|ethnicity = Besagrens
Line 16:		Line 16:
	\|script = Íscégon script for Besagren		\|script = Íscégon script for Besagren
	}}		}}
	'''Besagren''' (natively ''(~~cerissu~~) ~~besadxi~~'' [(~~ˈkeriʃu~~) ~~beˈsaddʒi~~]) is an [[Evandorian languages\|Evandorian language]] of the planet of [[Verse:Calémere\|Calémere]] (Bes.: ''Caemmiri'' [kaˈemmiri]), belonging to the Central Evandorian branch, one of the various modern descendants of [[Íscégon]] (Bes.: ''~~issèu~~'' or ''~~cerissu~~ issèunu''), the most important classical language in Western Evandorian civilization. It has therefore many similarities with the planet's main lingua franca, [[Cerian]] (Bes.: ''~~chaddèdxu~~''), a fellow Íscégon descendant, even if the two languages are not mutually intelligible.		'''Besagren''' (natively ''(cerussu) besodxun'' [(ˈkeruʃu) beˈsoddʒun]) is an [[Evandorian languages\|Evandorian language]] of the planet of [[Verse:Calémere\|Calémere]] (Bes.: ''Caemmiri'' [kaˈemmiri]), belonging to the Central Evandorian branch, one of the various modern descendants of [[Íscégon]] (Bes.: ''isseun'' or ''cerussu issèunu''), the most important classical language in Western Evandorian civilization. It has therefore many similarities with the planet's main lingua franca, [[Cerian]] (Bes.: ''charredxeu''), a fellow Íscégon descendant, even if the two languages are not mutually intelligible.

	Besagren is spoken by around 62 million people, mostly in Besagret ([beˈsag(g)ret]) but also in a few former Besagren colonies in Púríton and Ceránento, as well as among descendents of Besagren immigrants to other former colonies of Western powers.		Besagren is spoken by around 62 million people, mostly in Besagret ([beˈsag(g)ret]) but also in a few former Besagren colonies in Púríton and Ceránento, as well as among descendents of Besagren immigrants to other former colonies of Western powers.

Lili21: /* Consonants */

2018-07-10T10:24:42Z

Consonants

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:24, 10 July 2018
Line 51:		Line 51:
	A few notes about consonants:		A few notes about consonants:
	* /l/ is limited to a few reborrowings from Íscégon or borrowings from other languages with that sound (e.g. [[Nordulaki]], [[Auralian]], or [[Nivarese]]). Many speakers merge it with /r/, especially in colloquial registers.		* /l/ is limited to a few reborrowings from Íscégon or borrowings from other languages with that sound (e.g. [[Nordulaki]], [[Auralian]], or [[Nivarese]]). Many speakers merge it with /r/, especially in colloquial registers.
	* The /rr/ sequence is always pronounced [rʒ] (e.g. ''~~irrema~~'' "city" [~~irˈʒema~~]) and some linguists analyze it as being /rʒ/.		* The /rr/ sequence is always pronounced [rʒ] (e.g. ''irraima'' "city" [irˈʒajma]) and some linguists analyze it as being /rʒ/.
	* The contrast between /s/ and /ʃ/ is neutralized before other consonants, with the only phone used in that context being [ʃ] (e.g. ''urrustu'' "hawk" [urˈʒuʃtu]).		* The contrast between /s/ and /ʃ/ is neutralized before other consonants, with the only phone used in that context being [ʃ] (e.g. ''urrustu'' "hawk" [urˈʒuʃtu]).
	* Dento-alveolar /d/ and retroflex /ɖ/ are sometimes said to be allophones of the same phoneme, with [ɖɖ] being geminate /dd/, as geminate [dd] only occurs as part of intervocalic /dʒ/ (~~both are found in~~ ''~~Chaddedxì~~'' "Ceria" [~~tʃaɖɖedˈdʒi~~]). The [ɖ] sound also never occurs outside of [ɖɖ] and [ɳɖ] - the latter being the usually realization of /nd/, e.g. ''Ebandu'' "Evandor" [ˈebaɳɖu]. However, both [d] and [ɖɖ] may occur word-initially (cf. ''~~ddotà~~'' [~~ɖɖoˈta~~] "~~Calémerian avocado~~" and ''~~dicca~~'' [~~ˈdikka~~] "~~girl~~"), and therefore some linguists consider them to be different phonemes.		* Dento-alveolar /d/ and retroflex /ɖ/ are sometimes said to be allophones of the same phoneme, with [ɖɖ] being geminate /dd/, as geminate [dd] only occurs as part of intervocalic /dʒ/ (e.g. ''Charredxì'' "Ceria" [tʃarʒedˈdʒi]). The [ɖ] sound also never occurs outside of [ɖɖ] and [ɳɖ] - the latter being the usually realization of /nd/, e.g. ''Ebandu'' "Evandor" [ˈebaɳɖu]. However, both [d] and [ɖɖ] may occur word-initially (cf. ''ddun'' [ɖɖun] "mouth" and ''dassu'' [ˈdaʃu] "nine"), and therefore some linguists consider them to be different phonemes.

	===Vowels===		===Vowels===

Lili21 at 10:02, 10 July 2018

2018-07-10T10:02:37Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:02, 10 July 2018
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	<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. -->		<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. -->
	===Morphophonology===		===Morphophonology===
	==Morphology==		<!--==Morphology==
	===Nouns===		===Nouns===
	Besagren's nominal morphology is both more conservative and innovative than Cerian: it has retained plural inflections for most nouns (unlike Cerian, which only has an indefinite plural, although an innovation) but has lost case. Besagren has largely generalized the plural ending for consonant nouns, including a generalized ''-n-''. This plural suffix ''-nè'' (with possible consonant assimilation) is usually always accented.		Besagren's nominal morphology is both more conservative and innovative than Cerian: it has retained plural inflections for most nouns (unlike Cerian, which only has an indefinite plural, although an innovation) but has lost case. Besagren has largely generalized the plural ending for consonant nouns, including a generalized ''-n-''. This plural suffix ''-nè'' (with possible consonant assimilation) is usually always accented.
Line 116:		Line 116:

	===Verbs===		===Verbs===
			-->
	==Syntax==		==Syntax==
	===Constituent order===		===Constituent order===

Lili21: /* Consonants */

2018-02-04T18:33:42Z

Consonants

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:33, 4 February 2018
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	\|-		\|-
	! Fricatives		! Fricatives
	\| \|\| '''f''' f \|\| '''s''' s \|\| '''s''' ʃ<br/>'''x''' ʒ \|\| \|\| \|\|		\| \|\| '''f''' f \|\| '''s''' s \|\| '''ss''' ʃ<br/>'''x''' ʒ \|\| \|\| \|\|
	\|-		\|-
	! Approximants		! Approximants

Lili21 at 09:32, 22 January 2018

2018-01-22T09:32:47Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:32, 22 January 2018
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	{{Infobox language		{{Infobox language
	\|name = Besagren		\|name = Besagren
	\|~~nativname~~ = besadxi<br/>cerissu besadxi		\|nativename = besadxi<br/>cerissu besadxi
	\|pronunciation = [beˈsaddʒi]<br/>[ˈkeriʃu beˈsaddʒi]		\|pronunciation = [beˈsaddʒi]<br/>[ˈkeriʃu beˈsaddʒi]
	\|region = Western Evandor (Besagren Plateau)		\|region = Western Evandor (Besagren Plateau)

Lili21 at 16:39, 18 January 2018

2018-01-18T16:39:12Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:39, 18 January 2018
Line 16:		Line 16:
	\|script = Íscégon script for Besagren		\|script = Íscégon script for Besagren
	}}		}}
	'''Besagren''' (natively ''(cerissu) besadxi'' [(ˈkeriʃu) beˈsaddʒi]) is an [[Evandorian languages\|Evandorian language]] of the planet of [[Verse:Calémere\|Calémere]] (Bes.: ''Caemmiri'' [kaˈemmiri]), belonging to the Central Evandorian branch, one of the various modern descendants of [[Íscégon]] (Bes.: ''issèu'' or ''cerissu issèunu''), the most important classical language in Western Evandorian civilization. It has therefore many similarities with the planet's main lingua franca, [[Cerian]] (Bes.: ''chaddèdxu''), a fellow Íscégon descendant, even if the two languages are not ~~mutuaully~~ intelligible.		'''Besagren''' (natively ''(cerissu) besadxi'' [(ˈkeriʃu) beˈsaddʒi]) is an [[Evandorian languages\|Evandorian language]] of the planet of [[Verse:Calémere\|Calémere]] (Bes.: ''Caemmiri'' [kaˈemmiri]), belonging to the Central Evandorian branch, one of the various modern descendants of [[Íscégon]] (Bes.: ''issèu'' or ''cerissu issèunu''), the most important classical language in Western Evandorian civilization. It has therefore many similarities with the planet's main lingua franca, [[Cerian]] (Bes.: ''chaddèdxu''), a fellow Íscégon descendant, even if the two languages are not mutually intelligible.

	Besagren is spoken by around 62 million people, mostly in Besagret ([beˈsag(g)ret]) but also in a few former Besagren colonies in Púríton and Ceránento, as well as among descendents of Besagren immigrants to other former colonies of Western powers.		Besagren is spoken by around 62 million people, mostly in Besagret ([beˈsag(g)ret]) but also in a few former Besagren colonies in Púríton and Ceránento, as well as among descendents of Besagren immigrants to other former colonies of Western powers.

Lili21 at 16:38, 18 January 2018

2018-01-18T16:38:21Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:38, 18 January 2018
Line 16:		Line 16:
	\|script = Íscégon script for Besagren		\|script = Íscégon script for Besagren
	}}		}}
	'''Besagren''' (natively ''(cerissu) besadxi'' [(ˈkeriʃu) beˈsaddʒi]) is an [[Evandorian languages\|Evandorian language]] of the planet of Calémere (Bes.: ''Caemmiri'' [kaˈemmiri]), belonging to the Central Evandorian branch, one of the various modern descendants of [[Íscégon]] (Bes.: ''issèu'' or ''cerissu issèunu''), the most important classical language in Western Evandorian civilization. It has therefore many similarities with the planet's main lingua franca, [[Cerian]] (Bes.: ''chaddèdxu''), a fellow Íscégon descendant, even if the two languages are not mutuaully intelligible.		'''Besagren''' (natively ''(cerissu) besadxi'' [(ˈkeriʃu) beˈsaddʒi]) is an [[Evandorian languages\|Evandorian language]] of the planet of [[Verse:Calémere\|Calémere]] (Bes.: ''Caemmiri'' [kaˈemmiri]), belonging to the Central Evandorian branch, one of the various modern descendants of [[Íscégon]] (Bes.: ''issèu'' or ''cerissu issèunu''), the most important classical language in Western Evandorian civilization. It has therefore many similarities with the planet's main lingua franca, [[Cerian]] (Bes.: ''chaddèdxu''), a fellow Íscégon descendant, even if the two languages are not mutuaully intelligible.

	Besagren is spoken by around 62 million people, mostly in Besagret ([beˈsag(g)ret]) but also in a few former Besagren colonies in Púríton and Ceránento, as well as among descendents of Besagren immigrants to other former colonies of Western powers.		Besagren is spoken by around 62 million people, mostly in Besagret ([beˈsag(g)ret]) but also in a few former Besagren colonies in Púríton and Ceránento, as well as among descendents of Besagren immigrants to other former colonies of Western powers.

Lili21: Created page with "{{Infobox language |name = Besagren |nativname = besadxi
cerissu besadxi |pronunciation = [beˈsaddʒi]
[ˈkeriʃu beˈsaddʒi] |region = Western..."

2018-01-18T16:37:31Z

Created page with "{{Infobox language |name = Besagren |nativname = besadxi cerissu besadxi |pronunciation = [beˈsaddʒi] [ˈkeriʃu beˈsaddʒi] |region = Western..."

New page

{{Infobox language
|name = Besagren
|nativname = besadxi cerissu besadxi
|pronunciation = [beˈsaddʒi] [ˈkeriʃu beˈsaddʒi]
|region = Western Evandor (Besagren Plateau)
|ethnicity = Besagrens
|speakers = {{formatnum:62000000}}
|date = 2312
|setting = [[Verse:Calémere|Calémere]]
|familycolor = #33FF99
|fam1 = [[Evandorian languages]]
|fam2 = Central Evandorian
|fam3 = Íscégon
|creator = [[User:Lili21|Lili21]]
|created = Sep 2017
|script = Íscégon script for Besagren
}}
'''Besagren''' (natively ''(cerissu) besadxi'' [(ˈkeriʃu) beˈsaddʒi]) is an [[Evandorian languages|Evandorian language]] of the planet of Calémere (Bes.: ''Caemmiri'' [kaˈemmiri]), belonging to the Central Evandorian branch, one of the various modern descendants of [[Íscégon]] (Bes.: ''issèu'' or ''cerissu issèunu''), the most important classical language in Western Evandorian civilization. It has therefore many similarities with the planet's main lingua franca, [[Cerian]] (Bes.: ''chaddèdxu''), a fellow Íscégon descendant, even if the two languages are not mutuaully intelligible.

Besagren is spoken by around 62 million people, mostly in Besagret ([beˈsag(g)ret]) but also in a few former Besagren colonies in Púríton and Ceránento, as well as among descendents of Besagren immigrants to other former colonies of Western powers.

==External history==
Besagren is one of the Calémerian languages I have passed more sketches for before deciding which aesthetic to use. The earliest version was rather [[w:seseo|seseo]]-Spanish-sounding, but I didn't really like having a language in the far western part of a continent supposed to feel like Europe with an aesthetic based on such a famous language from far western Europe. My second version was more Romanian-inspired, and I quite liked it - but then I came up with the idea for the current aesthetic, which I like even more: you might notice it is heavily inspired by Sardinian (with some very small traces of Sicilian and even Ligurian). I quite like how Besagren turned out to be, as it is phonologically as divergent as Cerian from Íscégon, but in two different ways (e.g. Besagren does not have the strict tendence towards CVn syllables that Cerian has, but did rework the consonant system to a greater extent).

==Phonology==
===Orthography===
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! → PoA ↓ Manner !! Labial !! Labiodental !! Alveolar !! Alveolo-palatal !! Retroflex !! Palatal !! Velar
|-
! Nasals
| '''m''' m || || '''n''' n || || || ||
|-
! Plosives
| '''p''' p '''b''' b || || '''t''' t '''d''' d || || ('''dd''' ɖɖ) || || '''c''' k '''g''' g
|-
! Affricates
| || || '''tz''' ts '''z''' dz || '''ch''' tʃ '''dx''' dʒ || || ||
|-
! Fricatives
| || '''f''' f || '''s''' s || '''s''' ʃ '''x''' ʒ || || ||
|-
! Approximants
| || || || || || '''i''' j || '''u''' w
|-
! Trill
| || || '''r''' r ('''l''' l) || || || ||
|}

A few notes about consonants:
* /l/ is limited to a few reborrowings from Íscégon or borrowings from other languages with that sound (e.g. [[Nordulaki]], [[Auralian]], or [[Nivarese]]). Many speakers merge it with /r/, especially in colloquial registers.
* The /rr/ sequence is always pronounced [rʒ] (e.g. ''irrema'' "city" [irˈʒema]) and some linguists analyze it as being /rʒ/.
* The contrast between /s/ and /ʃ/ is neutralized before other consonants, with the only phone used in that context being [ʃ] (e.g. ''urrustu'' "hawk" [urˈʒuʃtu]).
* Dento-alveolar /d/ and retroflex /ɖ/ are sometimes said to be allophones of the same phoneme, with [ɖɖ] being geminate /dd/, as geminate [dd] only occurs as part of intervocalic /dʒ/ (both are found in ''Chaddedxì'' "Ceria" [tʃaɖɖedˈdʒi]). The [ɖ] sound also never occurs outside of [ɖɖ] and [ɳɖ] - the latter being the usually realization of /nd/, e.g. ''Ebandu'' "Evandor" [ˈebaɳɖu]. However, both [d] and [ɖɖ] may occur word-initially (cf. ''ddotà'' [ɖɖoˈta] "Calémerian avocado" and ''dicca'' [ˈdikka] "girl"), and therefore some linguists consider them to be different phonemes.

===Vowels===
Besagren has a traditional five-vowel system. [ə] also appears as a phone, but it is considered only an epenthetic vowel arising allophonically in certain phonemic combinations (e.g. before nC- initial clusters).
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! !! Front !! Central !! Back
|-
! High
| i || || u
|-
! Mid
| e || || o
|-
! Low
| || a ||
|}
===Prosody===
====Stress====
====Intonation====

===Phonotactics===

===Morphophonology===
==Morphology==
===Nouns===
Besagren's nominal morphology is both more conservative and innovative than Cerian: it has retained plural inflections for most nouns (unlike Cerian, which only has an indefinite plural, although an innovation) but has lost case. Besagren has largely generalized the plural ending for consonant nouns, including a generalized ''-n-''. This plural suffix ''-nè'' (with possible consonant assimilation) is usually always accented.
Examples:
* ''barisi'' "road" → ''barissè'' "roads"
* ''xeci'' "word" → ''xecinè'' "words"
* ''urrisicce'' "town hall" → ''urrisiccenè'' "town halls"

There are, however, other pluralizing suffixes, most notably ''-au'' (also accented):
* ''irrema'' "city" → ''irremau'' "cities"
* ''dicca'' "girl" → ''diccau'' "girls"
* ''urrustu'' "hawk" → ''urrustau'' "hawks"

Some plurals also involve a stem change (and may have irregular accent):
* ''urranxu'' "sister" → ''urranìsso'' (also ''urranìssau'') "sisters" (< Ísc. ''ránescus'', cf. Cerian ''ránéco'')

Some words are singularia tantum and, therefore, do not have any plural. Examples include ''utzi'' "wood" (< Ísc. ''útin'' "tree"; for the latter meaning, Besagren uses ''utzimìt'', from the Íscégon diminutive ''útimítin'').

Besagren articles derive from the Íscégon emphatic pronouns ''cóto, catán'' (while Cerian's derive from the resumptives ''sigo, sigen'') and also have a single plural form (from Ísc. ''cótaur''): the singular ones are masc. ''co'' and fem. ''ca'', while the plural is ''cau''.

===Consonant mutation===
After many prepositions, possessive adjectives, and singular articles, initial consonants lenite in this way:
* '''p t c''' → '''b d g'''
* '''b d g''' → ∅ (orthographically represented by an apostrophe)
* '''dd''' → '''r'''
* '''tz z ch dx''' → '''s s ss x'''
* '''f s''' → ∅
* Other consonants are unchanged; some newer loanwords also do not mutate.

Examples with articles:
* ''barisi'' "road" → ''co 'arisi'' "the road"
* ''chaddedxu'' "Cerian, a Cerian" → ''co ssaddedxu'' "the Cerian [man]"
* ''besadxi'' "Besagren, a Besagren" → ''ca 'esadxi'' "the Besagren [woman]"
* ''cerissu'' "language" → ''co gerissu'' "the language"
But, with plural articles:
* ''barissè'' "roads" → ''cau barissè'' "the roads"
* ''chaddedxunè'' "Cerians" → ''cau chaddedxunè'' "the Cerians"

===Verbs===

==Syntax==
===Constituent order===
===Noun phrase===
===Verb phrase===
===Sentence phrase===
===Dependent clauses===


==Example texts==
==Other resources==



==Notes==

[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Calémere]]
[[Category:Artlangs]]
[[Category:Languages]]

Besagren - Revision history

Jukethatbox at 02:21, 19 November 2023

Lili21 at 10:26, 10 July 2018

Lili21: /* Consonants */

Lili21 at 10:02, 10 July 2018

Lili21: /* Consonants */

Lili21 at 09:32, 22 January 2018

Lili21 at 16:39, 18 January 2018

Lili21 at 16:38, 18 January 2018

Lili21: Created page with "{{Infobox language |name = Besagren |nativname = besadxicerissu besadxi |pronunciation = [beˈsaddʒi][ˈkeriʃu beˈsaddʒi] |region = Western..."

Lili21: Created page with "{{Infobox language |name = Besagren |nativname = besadxi
cerissu besadxi |pronunciation = [beˈsaddʒi]
[ˈkeriʃu beˈsaddʒi] |region = Western..."