Calusto - Revision history

Fox Saint-Just: /* Introduction */

2023-06-03T15:21:08Z

Introduction

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:21, 3 June 2023
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	==Introduction==		==Introduction==

	Calusto was created for a literary project, as an Indo-European language that was lost during the Roman expansion and later artificially reconstructed. Thus, despite having an alphabet derived from Old Italic script and a grammar influenced by Latin, Calusto's vocabulary includes a large amount of words common to the languages of the Silk Road, including Chinese.		Calusto was created for a literary project, as an Indo-European language that was lost during the Roman expansion and later artificially reconstructed. Thus, despite having an alphabet derived from Old Italic script and a grammar influenced by Latin, Calusto's vocabulary includes a large amount of words common to the languages of the Silk Road, including Chinese. It can be also written with Coptic alphabet.

	Its name derives from the word ~~𐌊𐌀𐌋𐌏𐌖~~ for "mist", making the meaning of Calusto close to "misty".		Its name derives from the word 𐌊𐌀𐌋𐌞 for "mist", making the meaning of Calusto close to "misty".

	==Phonology==		==Phonology==

Fox Saint-Just at 15:20, 3 June 2023

2023-06-03T15:20:34Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:20, 3 June 2023
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	{{Infobox language		{{Infobox language
	\|name = Calusto		\|name = Calusto
	\|altname = ~~Kaloust~~		\|altname = Kalust
	\|nativename = ~~𐌊𐌀𐌋𐌏𐌖𐌔𐌕~~		\|nativename = 𐌊𐌀𐌋𐌞𐌔𐌕
	\|pronunciation = ka'lu:sto		\|pronunciation = ka'lu:sto
	\|familycolor = Conlang		\|familycolor = Conlang
	\|script1 = Ital		\|script1 = Ital
	\|script2 = Latn		\|script2 = Copt
			\|script3 = Latn
	\|creator = User:Fox Saint-Just		\|creator = User:Fox Saint-Just
	\|created = 2017		\|created = 2017

Fox Saint-Just: /* Morphology */

2023-06-03T15:18:39Z

Morphology

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:18, 3 June 2023
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	\|-		\|-
	! ''Accusative''		! ''Accusative''
	\| 𐌔𐌖𐌍'''𐌏𐌍''' <br> syn'''on''' \|\| 𐌔𐌖𐌍'''~~𐌏𐌖𐌔~~''' <br> syn'''ous'''		\| 𐌔𐌖𐌍'''𐌏𐌍''' <br> syn'''on''' \|\| 𐌔𐌖𐌍'''𐌏𐌞𐌔''' <br> syn'''ous'''
	\|-		\|-
	! ''Genitive''		! ''Genitive''
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	\|}		\|}

	The '''-ou''' declension includes neuter nouns and can be considered the descendant of the Indo-European u-stem. The paradigm is given for the word ~~𐌌𐌀𐌍𐌏𐌖~~ ("human being").		The '''-u''' declension includes neuter nouns and can be considered the descendant of the Indo-European u-stem. The paradigm is given for the word 𐌌𐌀𐌍𐌞 ("human being").
	{\| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"		{\| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
	\|-		\|-
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	\|-		\|-
	! ''Nominative''		! ''Nominative''
	\| 𐌌𐌀𐌍'''𐌏𐌖''' <br> man'''ou''' \|\| 𐌌𐌀𐌍'''~~𐌏𐌖𐌔~~''' <br> man'''~~ous~~'''		\| 𐌌𐌀𐌍'''𐌞''' <br> man'''u''' \|\| 𐌌𐌀𐌍'''𐌞𐌔''' <br> man'''us'''
	\|-		\|-
	! ''Accusative''		! ''Accusative''
	\| 𐌌𐌀𐌍'''~~𐌏𐌖𐌍~~''' <br> man'''~~oun~~''' \|\| 𐌌𐌀𐌍'''~~𐌏𐌖𐌔~~''' <br> man'''~~ous~~'''		\| 𐌌𐌀𐌍'''𐌞𐌍''' <br> man'''un''' \|\| 𐌌𐌀𐌍'''𐌞𐌔''' <br> man'''us'''
	\|-		\|-
	! ''Genitive''		! ''Genitive''
	\| 𐌌𐌀𐌍'''~~𐌏𐌖𐌅~~''' <br> man'''~~ouv~~''' \|\| 𐌌𐌀𐌍'''~~𐌏𐌖𐌔~~''' <br> man'''~~oum~~'''		\| 𐌌𐌀𐌍'''𐌞𐌅''' <br> man'''uv''' \|\| 𐌌𐌀𐌍'''𐌞𐌌''' <br> man'''um'''
	\|-		\|-
	! ''Dative''		! ''Dative''
	\| 𐌌𐌀𐌍'''~~𐌏𐌖𐌉~~''' <br> man'''~~oui~~''' \|\| 𐌌𐌀𐌍'''~~𐌏𐌖𐌉𐌔~~''' <br> man'''~~ouis~~'''		\| 𐌌𐌀𐌍'''𐌞𐌉''' <br> man'''ui''' \|\| 𐌌𐌀𐌍'''𐌞𐌉𐌔''' <br> man'''uis'''
	\|-		\|-
	! ''Ablative''		! ''Ablative''
	\| 𐌌𐌀𐌍'''~~𐌏𐌖𐌉~~''' <br> man'''oui''' \|\| 𐌌𐌀𐌍'''~~𐌏𐌖𐌉𐌔~~''' <br> man'''~~ouis~~'''		\| 𐌌𐌀𐌍'''𐌞𐌉''' <br> man'''oui''' \|\| 𐌌𐌀𐌍'''𐌞𐌉𐌔''' <br> man'''uis'''
	\|}		\|}


	==Syntax==		==Syntax==

Fox Saint-Just at 19:39, 28 April 2022

2022-04-28T19:39:54Z

@@ Line 131: / Line 131: @@
 * Names ending in ''-is'', generally derived from Greek and/or Latin
 * Despite its name, nouns and/or adjectives ending in ''-e'' or ''-i''
-The paradigm is given for each case, with the words 𐌂𐌅𐌄𐌓 ("beast"), 𐌐𐌔𐌖𐌗𐌏𐌔𐌉𐌔 ("psychosis") and 𐌑𐌉𐌂𐌓𐌉 ("fast") respectively. Note that several words belonging to this declension show an oblique stem.
+* Nouns ending in ''-as'' or ''ā''
 {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
 |-
@@ Line 152: / Line 153: @@
 |}
-The
+The '''-ou''' declension includes neuter nouns and can be considered the descendant of the Indo-European u-stem. The paradigm is given for the word 𐌌𐌀𐌍𐌏𐌖 ("human being").
 ==Syntax==

Fox Saint-Just: /* Declensions */

2022-04-28T19:24:13Z

Declensions

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:24, 28 April 2022
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	\|}		\|}

	The '''~~-on~~''' declension contains ~~exclusively neutral names and is similar to~~ the ~~neuter Indo~~-~~European o-stem declension~~ or ~~the~~ Latin ''-um'' ~~one. Nouns ending~~ ''-ōn'' ~~do not belong to this declension.~~ The paradigm is given for the ~~word 𐌇𐌄𐌉𐌌𐌏𐌍~~ ("~~winter~~").		The '''consonantic''' declension is the widest one, as it contains:
			* A consonant not already covered by the previous declensions, independently from gender
			* Names ending in ''-is'', generally derived from Greek and/or Latin
			* Despite its name, nouns and/or adjectives ending in ''-e'' or ''-i''
			The paradigm is given for each case, with the words 𐌂𐌅𐌄𐌓 ("beast"), 𐌐𐌔𐌖𐌗𐌏𐌔𐌉𐌔 ("psychosis") and 𐌑𐌉𐌂𐌓𐌉 ("fast") respectively. Note that several words belonging to this declension show an oblique stem.
	{\| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"		{\| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
	\|-		\|-
	! !! Singular !! Plural		! !! Singular !! Plural !! !! Singular !! Plural !! !! Singular !! Plural
	\|-		\|-
	! ''Nominative''		! ''Nominative''
	\| ~~𐌇𐌄𐌉𐌌~~'''𐌏𐌍''' <br> ~~heim~~'''on''' \|\| ~~𐌇𐌄𐌉𐌌~~'''𐌀''' <br> ~~heim~~'''a'''		\| 𐌂𐌅𐌄𐌓 <br> gver \|\| 𐌂𐌅𐌄𐌓'''𐌔''' <br> gver'''s''' \|\| \|\| 𐌐𐌔𐌖𐌗𐌏𐌔'''𐌉𐌔''' <br> psychos'''is''' \|\| 𐌐𐌔𐌖𐌗𐌏𐌔'''𐌄𐌔''' <br> psychos'''es''' \|\| \|\| 𐌑𐌉𐌂𐌓'''𐌉''' <br> šigr'''i''' \|\| 𐌑𐌉𐌂𐌓'''𐌄𐌔''' <br> šigr'''es'''
	\|-		\|-
	! ''Accusative''		! ''Accusative''
	\| ~~𐌇𐌄𐌉𐌌~~'''𐌏𐌍''' <br> ~~heim~~'''on''' \|\| ~~𐌇𐌄𐌉𐌌~~'''𐌀''' <br> ~~heim~~'''a'''		\| 𐌂𐌅𐌄𐌓 <br> gver \|\| 𐌂𐌅𐌄𐌓'''𐌔''' <br> gver'''s''' \|\| \|\| 𐌐𐌔𐌖𐌗𐌏𐌔'''𐌉𐌔''' <br> psychos'''is''' \|\| 𐌐𐌔𐌖𐌗𐌏𐌔'''𐌄𐌔''' <br> psychos'''es''' \|\| \|\| 𐌑𐌉𐌂𐌓'''𐌉''' <br> šigr'''i''' \|\| 𐌑𐌉𐌂𐌓'''𐌄𐌔''' <br> šigr'''es'''
	\|-		\|-
	! ''Genitive''		! ''Genitive''
	\| ~~𐌇𐌄𐌉𐌌~~'''𐌉''' <br> ~~heim~~'''i''' \|\| ~~𐌇𐌄𐌉𐌌~~'''𐌏𐌌''' <br> ~~heim~~'''om'''		\| 𐌂𐌅𐌄𐌓'''𐌉𐌔''' <br> gver'''is''' \|\| 𐌂𐌅𐌄𐌓'''𐌉𐌄𐌔''' <br> gver'''ies''' \|\| \|\| 𐌐𐌔𐌖𐌗𐌏𐌔'''𐌉𐌔''' <br> psychos'''is''' \|\| 𐌐𐌔𐌖𐌗𐌏𐌔'''𐌉𐌄𐌔''' <br> psychos'''ies''' \|\| \|\| 𐌑𐌉𐌂𐌓'''𐌉𐌔''' <br> šigr'''is''' \|\| 𐌑𐌉𐌂𐌓'''𐌉𐌄𐌔''' <br> šigr'''ies'''
	\|-		\|-
	! ''Dative''		! ''Dative''
	\| ~~𐌇𐌄𐌉𐌌~~'''𐌏''' <br> ~~heim~~'''o''' \|\| ~~𐌇𐌄𐌉𐌌~~'''𐌏𐌍''' <br> ~~heim~~'''is''''		\| 𐌂𐌅𐌄𐌓'''𐌄''' <br> gver'''e''' \|\| 𐌂𐌅𐌄𐌓'''𐌄𐌉𐌔''' <br> gver'''eis''' \|\| \|\| 𐌐𐌔𐌖𐌗𐌏𐌔'''𐌄''' <br> psychos'''e''' \|\| 𐌐𐌔𐌖𐌗𐌏𐌔'''𐌄𐌉𐌔''' <br> psychos'''eis''' \|\| \|\| 𐌑𐌉𐌂𐌓'''𐌄''' <br> šigr'''e''' \|\| 𐌑𐌉𐌂𐌓'''𐌄𐌉𐌔''' <br> šigr'''eis'''
	\|-		\|-
	! ''Ablative''		! ''Ablative''
	\| ~~𐌇𐌄𐌉𐌌~~'''𐌏𐌃''' <br> ~~heim~~'''od''' \|\| ~~𐌇𐌄𐌉𐌌~~'''~~𐌏𐌉𐌔~~''' <br> ~~heim~~'''~~ois~~'''		\| 𐌂𐌅𐌄𐌓'''𐌄𐌉''' <br> gver'''ei''' \|\| 𐌂𐌅𐌄𐌓'''𐌄𐌉𐌔''' <br> gver'''eis''' \|\| \|\| 𐌐𐌔𐌖𐌗𐌏𐌔'''𐌄𐌉''' <br> psychos'''ei''' \|\| 𐌐𐌔𐌖𐌗𐌏𐌔'''𐌄𐌉𐌔''' <br> psychos'''eis''' \|\| \|\| 𐌑𐌉𐌂𐌓'''𐌄𐌉''' <br> šigr'''ei''' \|\| 𐌑𐌉𐌂𐌓'''𐌄𐌉𐌔''' <br> šigr'''eis'''
	\|}		\|}

			The

	==Syntax==		==Syntax==

Fox Saint-Just: /* Declensions */

2022-04-28T18:29:50Z

Declensions

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:29, 28 April 2022
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	Nouns and adjective follow a system of five declensions. Few names follow an irregular declension.		Nouns and adjective follow a system of five declensions. Few names follow an irregular declension.

	The '''-os''' declension includes names and ~~adjective~~ that are mostly masculine. The paradigm is given for the word 𐌔𐌖𐌍𐌏𐌔 ("son").		The '''-os''' declension includes names and adjectives that are mostly masculine. The paradigm is given for the word 𐌔𐌖𐌍𐌏𐌔 ("son").
	{\| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"		{\| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
	\|-		\|-
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	\|}		\|}

	The '''-a''' declension includes names and ~~adjective~~ that are mostly feminine. The paradigm is given for the word 𐌙𐌄𐌓𐌀 ("face").		The '''-a''' declension includes names and adjectives that are mostly feminine. The paradigm is given for the word 𐌙𐌄𐌓𐌀 ("face").
	{\| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"		{\| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
	\|-		\|-
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	! ''Ablative''		! ''Ablative''
	\| 𐌙𐌄𐌓'''𐌀𐌃''' <br> čer'''ad''' \|\| 𐌙𐌄𐌓'''𐌀𐌉𐌔''' <br> čer'''ais'''		\| 𐌙𐌄𐌓'''𐌀𐌃''' <br> čer'''ad''' \|\| 𐌙𐌄𐌓'''𐌀𐌉𐌔''' <br> čer'''ais'''
			\|}

			The '''-on''' declension contains exclusively neutral names and is similar to the neuter Indo-European o-stem declension or the Latin ''-um'' one. Nouns ending ''-ōn'' do not belong to this declension. The paradigm is given for the word 𐌇𐌄𐌉𐌌𐌏𐌍 ("winter").
			{\| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
			\|-
			! !! Singular !! Plural
			\|-
			! ''Nominative''
			\| 𐌇𐌄𐌉𐌌'''𐌏𐌍''' <br> heim'''on''' \|\| 𐌇𐌄𐌉𐌌'''𐌀''' <br> heim'''a'''
			\|-
			! ''Accusative''
			\| 𐌇𐌄𐌉𐌌'''𐌏𐌍''' <br> heim'''on''' \|\| 𐌇𐌄𐌉𐌌'''𐌀''' <br> heim'''a'''
			\|-
			! ''Genitive''
			\| 𐌇𐌄𐌉𐌌'''𐌉''' <br> heim'''i''' \|\| 𐌇𐌄𐌉𐌌'''𐌏𐌌''' <br> heim'''om'''
			\|-
			! ''Dative''
			\| 𐌇𐌄𐌉𐌌'''𐌏''' <br> heim'''o''' \|\| 𐌇𐌄𐌉𐌌'''𐌏𐌍''' <br> heim'''is''''
			\|-
			! ''Ablative''
			\| 𐌇𐌄𐌉𐌌'''𐌏𐌃''' <br> heim'''od''' \|\| 𐌇𐌄𐌉𐌌'''𐌏𐌉𐌔''' <br> heim'''ois'''
	\|}		\|}

Fox Saint-Just: /* Morphology */

2022-04-23T21:54:34Z

Morphology

@@ Line 104: / Line 104: @@
 ! ''Ablative''
 | 𐌔𐌖𐌍'''𐌏𐌃''' <br> syn'''od''' || 𐌔𐌖𐌍'''𐌏𐌉𐌔''' <br> syn'''ois'''
 |}

Fox Saint-Just: /* Declensions */

2022-04-23T08:24:53Z

Declensions

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:24, 23 April 2022
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	\|-		\|-
	! ''Ablative''		! ''Ablative''
	\| 𐌔𐌖𐌍'''𐌏''' <br> syn'''od''' \|\| 𐌔𐌖𐌍'''𐌏𐌉𐌔''' <br> syn'''ois'''		\| 𐌔𐌖𐌍'''𐌏𐌃''' <br> syn'''od''' \|\| 𐌔𐌖𐌍'''𐌏𐌉𐌔''' <br> syn'''ois'''
	\|}		\|}

Fox Saint-Just: /* Declensions */

2022-04-23T08:11:14Z

Declensions

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:11, 23 April 2022
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	Nouns and adjective follow a system of five declensions. Few names follow an irregular declension.		Nouns and adjective follow a system of five declensions. Few names follow an irregular declension.

	The ~~first declension includes names and adjective ending in~~ '''-os'''~~, which~~ are mostly masculine. The paradigm is given for the word 𐌔𐌖𐌍𐌏𐌔 ("son").		The '''-os''' declension includes names and adjective that are mostly masculine. The paradigm is given for the word 𐌔𐌖𐌍𐌏𐌔 ("son").
	{\| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"		{\| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
	\|-		\|-
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	\| 𐌔𐌖𐌍'''𐌏''' <br> syn'''od''' \|\| 𐌔𐌖𐌍'''𐌏𐌉𐌔''' <br> syn'''ois'''		\| 𐌔𐌖𐌍'''𐌏''' <br> syn'''od''' \|\| 𐌔𐌖𐌍'''𐌏𐌉𐌔''' <br> syn'''ois'''
	\|}		\|}



	==Syntax==		==Syntax==

Fox Saint-Just at 22:02, 21 April 2022

2022-04-21T22:02:00Z

@@ Line 72: / Line 72: @@
 <sup>1</sup> Used only in loanwords.
 ===Stress===
-Generally, words ending in consonant are stressed on the third to last syllable, while words ending in vowels are stressed on the penultimate.
+Generally, words ending in consonant are stressed on the third to last syllable, while words ending in vowels are stressed on the penultimate one.
 ==Orthography==
@@ Line 81: / Line 81: @@
 ===Morphophonology===
 ==Morphology==
-<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. -->
+Calusto has three genders (masculine, feminine, neuter) and five cases (nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, ablative).
-<!-- Here are some example subcategories:
+The first declension includes names and adjective ending in '''-os''', which are mostly masculine. The paradigm is given for the word 𐌔𐌖𐌍𐌏𐌔 ("son").
 ==Syntax==