Cumbraek - Revision history

Psammead at 10:52, 24 October 2024

2024-10-24T10:52:42Z

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	\|ancestor= [[Common Brythonic]]		\|ancestor= [[Common Brythonic]]
	\|script1 = Latn		\|script1 = Latn
			\|iso3 = qck
	}}		}}

Psammead at 13:50, 4 May 2024

2024-05-04T13:50:23Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:50, 4 May 2024
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	{{Infobox language		{{Infobox language
			\|image = Cumbraekflag.png
			\|imagesize = 200px
			\|imagecaption = Flag of Cumbraek
	\|name = Cumbraek		\|name = Cumbraek
	\|nativename = Cumbraek		\|nativename = Cumbraek

Sware: Updating infobox

2021-07-06T15:23:37Z

Updating infobox

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:23, 6 July 2021
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	\|name = Cumbraek		\|name = Cumbraek
	\|nativename = Cumbraek		\|nativename = Cumbraek
	\|pronunciation = ~~[kʌmˈbɾaːk]~~		\|pronunciation = kʌmˈbɾaːɡ
	\|creator = Neil Whalley		\|creator = Neil Whalley
	\|~~region~~ = Great Britain		\|setting = Great Britain
	\|states = England, Scotland		\|states = England, Scotland
	\|familycolor = Indo-European		\|familycolor = Indo-European
	\|fam2=[[Celtic languages\|Celtic]]		\|fam2= [[Celtic languages\|Celtic]]
	\|fam3=[[Insular Celtic]]		\|fam3= [[Insular Celtic]]
	\|fam4=[[Brythonic]]		\|fam4= [[Brythonic]]
	\|ancestor=[[Common Brythonic]]		\|ancestor= [[Common Brythonic]]
	\|~~script~~ = ~~[[w:Latin script\|Latin script]]~~		\|script1 = Latn
	}}		}}

	'''Cumbraek''' /kʌmˈbɾaːg/ is a modern reconstruction of the lost medieval language of Cumbric, a Brythonic Celtic tongue once spoken in parts of southern Scotland and northern England.		'''Cumbraek''' {{IPA\|/kʌmˈbɾaːg/}} is a modern reconstruction of the lost medieval language of Cumbric, a Brythonic Celtic tongue once spoken in parts of southern Scotland and northern England.

	==History==		==History==

Psammead: /* Subordination */

2018-12-02T20:22:28Z

Subordination

Psammead: /* Relative Clauses */

2018-12-02T18:04:53Z

Relative Clauses

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:04, 2 December 2018
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	* ''Mi adoynav rewoun a lavur Goodhelek'' <br /> "I know someone who speaks Irish"		* ''Mi adoynav rewoun a lavur Goodhelek'' <br /> "I know someone who speaks Irish"

	If the antecedent is the '''object''' of the verb, the word order is [antecedent] + ''a''<small><sup>L</sup></small> + [personal verb] + [rest of sentence]. Here the verb expresses or agrees with the subject.		If the antecedent is the '''direct object''' of the verb, the word order is [antecedent] + ''a''<small><sup>L</sup></small> + [personal verb] + [rest of sentence]. Here the verb expresses or agrees with the subject.

	* ''Honn iw er wrek a dhewedhies'' <br /> "This is the woman (whom) I married"		* ''Honn iw er wrek a dhewedhies'' <br /> "This is the woman (whom) I married"
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	*''Yoan iw er ci ay gwarot er din'' <br /> "The dog that the man saved is fine"		*''Yoan iw er ci ay gwarot er din'' <br /> "The dog that the man saved is fine"

	Where the antecedent is an indirect object, governed by a preposition, Cumbraek uses a normal object relative sentence then uses a personal preposition to refer back to the antecedent. The word order is therefore [antecedent] + ''a''<small><sup>L</sup></small> + [personal verb] + [rest of sentence] + [personal pronoun].		Where the antecedent is an ''indirect object'', governed by a preposition, Cumbraek uses a normal object relative sentence then uses a personal preposition to refer back to the antecedent. The word order is therefore [antecedent] + ''a''<small><sup>L</sup></small> + [personal verb] + [rest of sentence] + [personal pronoun].

	* ''Hunn iw er ti a duvun indho'' <br /> "This is the house in which I grew up" (lit. "This is the house which I grew up in it")		* ''Hunn iw er ti a duvun indho'' <br /> "This is the house in which I grew up" (lit. "This is the house which I grew up in it")
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	Again there is potential for ambiguity in the last example. The most basic sentence ''Hi gwelas er wrek a rodhas er get dudhy'' could mean either "She saw the woman who gave the present to her" or "She saw the woman to whom she gave the present". The use of auxiliary ''-hi'' is the only means to signal that the "she" is the subject of the relative clause.		Again there is potential for ambiguity in the last example. The most basic sentence ''Hi gwelas er wrek a rodhas er get dudhy'' could mean either "She saw the woman who gave the present to her" or "She saw the woman to whom she gave the present". The use of auxiliary ''-hi'' is the only means to signal that the "she" is the subject of the relative clause.

			Cumbraek does not have a specific '''possessive relative''' akin to English "whose", so sentences of this type are constructed with an object relative sentence, followed by a possessive pronoun referring back to the antecedent and the relevant object of possession. The word order is [antecedent] + ''a''<small><sup>L</sup></small> + [personal verb] + [possessive pronoun] + [object of possession].

			* ''Hunn iw er din a dhewedhies i verch'' <br /> "This is the man whose daughter I married" (lit. "This is the man who I married his daughter")
			* ''E carav er wrek a gahas-ev i h'archenn o widir'' <br /> "He loves the woman whose glass slipper he found" (lit. "He loves the woman who he found her glass slipper")

			All of these types of relative clause may be ''negated'' by replacing ''a''<small><sup>L</sup></small> with ''ne''<small><sup>SL</sup></small>.

			* ''Mi adoynav rewoun ne lavur Goodhelek'' <br /> "I know someone who does not speak Irish"
			* ''Honn iw er wrek ne dhewedhies'' <br /> "This is the woman I did not marry"
			* ''Hi trige gant din n'ankas o'r Nazis i dat'' <br /> "She lived with a man whose father did not escape from the Nazis"

			====Indirect Clauses====

	==Derivation==		==Derivation==

Psammead: /* Subordination */

2018-12-02T10:46:51Z

Subordination

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	===Subordination===		===Subordination===
			====Relative Clauses====
			Relative clauses are formed in much the same way as focussed sentences, with the particles ''a''<small><sup>L</sup></small> or ''e(dh)''.

			Where the antecedent to the relative clause is the '''subject''' of the sentence, the word order is [antecedent] + ''a''<small><sup>L</sup></small> + [3sg verb] + [rest of sentence]. The clause that follows the relative particle is in the normal word order and must begin with a 3sg verb.

			* ''Hunn iw er din a warot er ci'' <br /> "This is the man who saved the dog"
			* ''Mi adoynav rewoun a lavur Goodhelek'' <br /> "I know someone who speaks Irish"

			If the antecedent is the '''object''' of the verb, the word order is [antecedent] + ''a''<small><sup>L</sup></small> + [personal verb] + [rest of sentence]. Here the verb expresses or agrees with the subject.

			* ''Honn iw er wrek a dhewedhies'' <br /> "This is the woman (whom) I married"
			* ''Yoan iw er ci a warot er din'' <br /> "The dog that the man saved is fine"

			As with focussed sentences, there may be some ambiguity where both the object and subject are nouns or 3rd person pronouns. The last example might also be interpreted as "The dog that saved the man is fine". This ambiguity can be resolved by using an infixed object pronoun agreeing with a preceding object:

			*''Yoan iw er ci ay gwarot er din'' <br /> "The dog that the man saved is fine"

			Where the antecedent is an indirect object, governed by a preposition, Cumbraek uses a normal object relative sentence then uses a personal preposition to refer back to the antecedent. The word order is therefore [antecedent] + ''a''<small><sup>L</sup></small> + [personal verb] + [rest of sentence] + [personal pronoun].

			* ''Hunn iw er ti a duvun indho'' <br /> "This is the house in which I grew up" (lit. "This is the house which I grew up in it")
			* ''Hi gwelas er wrek a rodhas-hi er get dudhy'' <br /> "She saw the woman to whom she gave the present" (lit. "She saw the woman who she gave the present to her")

			Again there is potential for ambiguity in the last example. The most basic sentence ''Hi gwelas er wrek a rodhas er get dudhy'' could mean either "She saw the woman who gave the present to her" or "She saw the woman to whom she gave the present". The use of auxiliary ''-hi'' is the only means to signal that the "she" is the subject of the relative clause.

	==Derivation==		==Derivation==

Psammead at 16:21, 23 July 2017

2017-07-23T16:21:11Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:21, 23 July 2017
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	\|nativename = Cumbraek		\|nativename = Cumbraek
	\|pronunciation = [kʌmˈbɾaːk]		\|pronunciation = [kʌmˈbɾaːk]
			\|creator = Neil Whalley
	\|region = Great Britain		\|region = Great Britain
	\|states = England, Scotland		\|states = England, Scotland

Psammead: /* Example Texts */

2017-04-25T10:24:50Z

Example Texts

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 # ''Mal hunn es skaras er Reen o'r le hunnedh truw oll diredh er bit; a difegsant adeylet er dhin.'' <br /> So the Lord scattered them abroad from thence upon the face of all the earth: and they left off to build the city.
 # ''Mal hunn edh aidh Babel i hanuw, in'edrip edh adrissas er Reen yeth er oll vit ag o'r le hunnedh es skaras er Reen troas enep pop wladedh.'' <br> Therefore is the name of it called Babel; because the Lord did there confound the language of all the earth: and from thence did the Lord scatter them abroad upon the face of all the earth.
 ==Vocabulary==

Psammead: /* Suffixes */

2017-02-17T20:58:37Z

Suffixes

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:58, 17 February 2017
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	===Suffixes===		===Suffixes===
			====Nouns====
			{\| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
			! style="width: 100px;" \| Suffix
			! style="width: 300px;" \| Meaning
			! style="width: 70px;" \| Gender
			! style="width: 90px;" \| Plural
			! style="width: 200px;" \| Examples
			\|-
			\| ''-adour'' \|\| agent, tool ← noun, verb \|\| masc. \|\| ''-adouron'' \|\| ''marchadour'' "merchant"
			\|-
			\| ''-an'' \|\| diminutive ← noun \|\| masc/fem. \|\| ''-anot'' \|\| ''maban'' "baby"
			\|-
			\| ''-ant'' \|\| abstract noun ← verb \|\| masc. \|\| ''-antow'' \|\| ''gadant'' "permission"
			\|-
			\| ''-as'' \|\| abstract noun ← noun \|\| fem. \|\| ''-assow'' \|\| ''poblas'' "republic"
			\|-
			\| ''-at'' \|\| abstract noun ← verb \|\| masc. \|\| ''-adow'' \|\| ''provat'' "test"
			\|-
			\| ''-der'' \|\| abstract noun ← adjective \|\| masc. \|\| \|\| ''ouchelder'' "height"
			\|-
			\| ''-dot'' \|\| abstract noun ← adjective \|\| masc. \|\| ''-dodow'' \|\| ''oundot'' "union"
			\|-
			\| ''-dy'' \|\| place, building ← noun, adjective, verb \|\| masc. \|\| ''-dei'' \|\| ''cofidy'' "café"
			\|-
			\| ''-ek'' \|\| language name ← people, place \|\| fem. \|\| \|\| ''Cumbraek''
			\|-
			\| ''-ell'' \|\| tool ← noun \|\| fem. \|\| ''-ellow'' \|\| ''padell'' "pan"
			\|-
			\| ''-es'' \|\| "-ess" \|\| fem. \|\| ''-essow'' \|\| ''mayles'' "princess"
			\|-
			\| ''-et'' \|\| "-ful" \|\| masc/fem. \|\| ''-ededh'' \|\| ''genowet'' "mouthful"
			\|-
			\| ''-eth'' \|\| "-logy, -ism", abstract noun ← noun \|\| fem. \|\| \|\| ''Marxeth'' "Marxism"
			\|-
			\| ''-he'' \|\| agent, seeker of ← noun \|\| masc. \|\| ''-heyon'' \|\| ''anterhe'' "adventurer"
			\|-
			\| ''-idh'' \|\| agent, "-ist", "-er" ← noun, verb \|\| masc. \|\| ''-idhon'' \|\| ''reolidh'' "ruler"
			\|-
			\| ''-ik'' \|\| diminutive ← noun \|\| fem. \|\| ''-igot'' \|\| ''skovernik'' "tab, label"
			\|-
			\| ''-le'' \|\| place ← noun, adjective \|\| masc. \|\| ''-leedh'' \|\| ''cedle'' "junction"
			\|-
			\| ''-ny'' \|\| abstract noun ← noun, adjective \|\| masc. \|\| \|\| ''fougny'' "forgery"
			\|-
			\| rowspan="2;" \| ''-ok'' \|\| title, position ← noun, verb \|\| masc/fem. \|\| ''-ogyon'' \|\| ''marchok'' "knight"
			\|-
			\| diminutive ← adjective \|\| masc. \|\| ''-ogyon'' \|\| ''draenok'' "hedgehog"
			\|-
			\| ''-olgeth'' \|\| "-ology" \|\| fem. \|\| \|\| ''biwolgeth'' "biology"
			\|-
			\| ''olgidh'' \|\| "-ologist" \|\| masc/fem. \|\| ''-olgidhon'' \|\| ''biwolgidh'' "biologist"
			\|-
			\| ''-or'' \|\| agent ← noun \|\| masc/fem. \|\| ''-oryon'' \|\| ''porthor'' "janitor"
			\|-
			\| ''-ret'' \|\| abstract noun ← verb, noun \|\| masc. \|\| \|\| ''gweythret'' "activity"
			\|-
			\| ''-ur'' \|\| "-man", "-er", agent ← noun, verb \|\| masc. \|\| ''-wir'' \|\| ''caredhur'' "criminal"
			\|-
			\| ''-us'' \|\| inhabitants of ← place \|\| plural \|\| \|\| ''Eftus'' "Egyptians"
			\|-
			\| ''-va'' \|\| place, verb noun ← verb \|\| fem. \|\| ''-vei'' \|\| ''devodva'' "entrance"
			\|-
			\| ''-wrek'' \|\| "-woman" ← noun, verb \|\| fem. \|\| ''-wragedh'' \|\| ''magwrek'' "nanny"
			\|-
			\| ''-yat'' \|\| agent ← verb \|\| masc. \|\| ''-yet'' \|\| ''goolyat'' "guard"
			\|}

			====Adjectives====
			{\| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
			! style="width: 100px;" \| Suffix
			! style="width: 300px;" \| Meaning
			! style="width: 200px;" \| Examples
			\|-
			\| ''-ediw'' \|\| "-able", "-ible", "-worthy" ← verb \|\| ''covyediw'' "memorable"
			\|-
			\| ''-ik'' \|\| ← noun, adjective \|\| ''ounik'' "only"
			\|-
			\| ''-in'' \|\| made of, like (material) ← noun \|\| ''prennin'' "wooden"
			\|-
			\| ''-lit'' \|\| covered with ← noun \|\| ''goydlit'' "bloody"
			\|-
			\| ''-lon'' \|\| "-ful" ← noun \|\| ''fidhlon'' "faithful"
			\|-
			\| ''-ok'' \|\| ← noun, adjective \|\| ''argelok'' "hidden"
			\|-
			\| ''-ol'' \|\| ← noun, adjective, verb \|\| ''gohanol'' "separate"
			\|-
			\| ''-ot'' \|\| past participle ← verb \|\| ''pobot'' "baked"
			\|-
			\| ''-ous'' \|\| ← noun, verb \|\| ''periglous'' "dangerous"
			\|}

			====Verbs====
			{\| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
			! style="width: 100px;" \| Suffix
			! style="width: 300px;" \| Meaning
			! style="width: 200px;" \| Examples
			\|-
			\| ''-et'' \|\| verb noun ← verb stem \|\| ''cusket'' "sleep"
			\|-
			\| ''-hei'' \|\| making, becoming ← adjective (stem ''-ha-'') \|\| ''moyhei'' "increase"
			\|-
			\| ''-i'' \|\| verb noun ← verb stem \|\| ''pebi'' "bake"
			\|-
			\| ''-o'' \|\| verb noun ← verb stem \|\| ''talo'' "pay"
			\|-
			\| ''-ya'' \|\| verb noun ← noun \|\| ''hoolya'' "sail"
			\|}

	===Compounds===		===Compounds===

Psammead: /* The Tower of Babel */

2017-02-17T16:58:10Z

The Tower of Babel

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:58, 17 February 2017
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	('''Genesis 11: 1-9''')		('''Genesis 11: 1-9''')

	~~{\| class="wikitable"~~		# ''A lavre er oll vit oun yeth ag er oun lavrant.'' <br> And the whole earth was of one language and of one speech.
	\|-		# ''A pann deythyent dhiamm er dooren, oo cassant wostat in tir Shinar a thrigent enayth.'' <br> And it came to pass, as they journeyed from the east, that they found a plain in the land of Shinar; and they dwelt there.
	~~! style="width:4%;" \| !! style="width:48%;" \| Cumbraek !! style="width:48%;" \| English (King James Version)~~		# ''A gwoat poap du'y gilidh "Dowit, gwraem bridhveyn ag ow pebi in tan". Ag aidh pridhveyn in'le meyn a fik in'le morhtell.'' <br /> And they said one to another, Go to, let us make brick, and burn them thoroughly. And they had brick for stone, and slime had they for mortar.
	\|-		# ''A gwedent "Dowit, adeylem dhin a thur a estinn i benn du'r nev; a chuhaitthem an anuw rak an skaro truw oll diredh er bit.'' <br /> And they said, Go to, let us build us a city and a tower, whose top may reach unto heaven; and let us make us a name, lest we be scattered abroad upon the face of the whole earth.
	~~\| 1 \|\|~~ ''A lavre er oll vit oun yeth ag er oun lavrant.'' \|\| And the whole earth was of one language and of one speech.		# ''A diskennas er Reen du welet er dhin a'r tur a adeylent vebyon Adhav.'' <br /> And the Lord came down to see the city and the tower, which the children of men built.
	\|-		# ''A gwoat "Sleman! Edh int oun bobul ag ema oun yeth dudhou; a ru chuhwinnsant i wreyth a ne difegyant ow emchen cuhit e cuwlheir ow gweyth."'' <br /> And the Lord said, Behold, the people is one, and they have all one language; and this they begin to do: and now nothing will be restrained from them, which they have imagined to do.
	~~\| 2 \|\|~~ ''A pann deythyent dhiamm er dooren, oo cassant wostat in tir Shinar a thrigent enayth.'' \|\| And it came to pass, as they journeyed from the east, that they found a plain in the land of Shinar; and they dwelt there.		# '' "Dowit, diskennen ag adrisso ow yeth mal nar jalht poap lavrant i gilidh."'' <br /> Go to, let us go down, and there confound their language, that they may not understand one another's speech.
	\|-		# ''Mal hunn es skaras er Reen o'r le hunnedh truw oll diredh er bit; a difegsant adeylet er dhin.'' <br /> So the Lord scattered them abroad from thence upon the face of all the earth: and they left off to build the city.
	~~\| 3 \|\|~~ ''A gwoat poap du'y gilidh "Dowit, gwraem bridhveyn ag ow pebi in tan". Ag aidh pridhveyn in'le meyn a fik in'le morhtell.'' \|\| And they said one to another, Go to, let us make brick, and burn them thoroughly. And they had brick for stone, and slime had they for mortar.		# ''Mal hunn edh aidh Babel i hanuw, in'edrip edh adrissas er Reen yeth er oll vit ag o'r le hunnedh es skaras er Reen troas enep pop wladedh.'' <br> Therefore is the name of it called Babel; because the Lord did there confound the language of all the earth: and from thence did the Lord scatter them abroad upon the face of all the earth.
	\|-
	~~\| 4 \|\|~~ ''A gwedent "Dowit, adeylem dhin a thur a estinn i benn du'r nev; a chuhaitthem an anuw rak an skaro truw oll diredh er bit.'' \|\| And they said, Go to, let us build us a city and a tower, whose top may reach unto heaven; and let us make us a name, lest we be scattered abroad upon the face of the whole earth.
	\|-
	~~\| 5 \|\|~~ ''A diskennas er Reen du welet er dhin a'r tur a adeylent vebyon Adhav.'' \|\| And the Lord came down to see the city and the tower, which the children of men built.
	\|-
	~~\| 6 \|\|~~ ''A gwoat "Sleman! Edh int oun bobul ag ema oun yeth dudhou; a ru chuhwinnsant i wreyth a ne difegyant ow emchen cuhit e cuwlheir ow gweyth."'' \|\| And the Lord said, Behold, the people is one, and they have all one language; and this they begin to do: and now nothing will be restrained from them, which they have imagined to do.
	\|-
	~~\| 7 \|\|~~'' "Dowit, diskennen ag adrisso ow yeth mal nar jalht poap lavrant i gilidh."'' \|\| Go to, let us go down, and there confound their language, that they may not understand one another's speech.
	\|-
	~~\| 8 \|\|~~ ''Mal hunn es skaras er Reen o'r le hunnedh truw oll diredh er bit; a difegsant adeylet er dhin.'' \|\| So the Lord scattered them abroad from thence upon the face of all the earth: and they left off to build the city.
	\|-
	~~\| 9 \|\|~~ ''Mal hunn edh aidh Babel i hanuw, in'edrip edh adrissas er Reen yeth er oll vit ag o'r le hunnedh es skaras er Reen troas enep pop wladedh.'' \|\| Therefore is the name of it called Babel; because the Lord did there confound the language of all the earth: and from thence did the Lord scatter them abroad upon the face of all the earth.
	\|-
	\|}

	==Vocabulary==		==Vocabulary==

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:22, 2 December 2018
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	Relative clauses are formed in much the same way as focussed sentences, with the particles ''a''<small><sup>L</sup></small> or ''e(dh)''.		Relative clauses are formed in much the same way as focussed sentences, with the particles ''a''<small><sup>L</sup></small> or ''e(dh)''.

	Where the antecedent to the relative clause is the '''subject''' of the sentence, the word order is [~~antecedent~~] + ''a''<small><sup>L</sup></small> + [3sg ~~verb~~] + [~~rest~~ of ~~sentence~~]. The clause that follows the relative particle is in the normal word order and must begin with a 3sg verb.		Where the antecedent to the relative clause is the '''subject''' of the sentence, the word order is [Antecedent] + ''a''<small><sup>L</sup></small> + [3sg Verb] + [Rest of Sentence]. The clause that follows the relative particle is in the normal word order and must begin with a 3sg verb.

	* ''Hunn iw er din a warot er ci'' <br /> "This is the man who saved the dog"		* ''Hunn iw er din a warot er ci'' <br /> "This is the man who saved the dog"
	* ''Mi adoynav rewoun a lavur Goodhelek'' <br /> "I know someone who speaks Irish"		* ''Mi adoynav rewoun a lavur Goodhelek'' <br /> "I know someone who speaks Irish"

	If the antecedent is the '''direct object''' of the verb, the word order is [~~antecedent~~] + ''a''<small><sup>L</sup></small> + [~~personal verb~~] + [~~rest~~ of ~~sentence~~]. Here the verb expresses or agrees with the subject.		If the antecedent is the '''direct object''' of the verb, the word order is [Antecedent] + ''a''<small><sup>L</sup></small> + [Personal Verb] + [Rest of Sentence]. Here the verb expresses or agrees with the subject.

	* ''Honn iw er wrek a dhewedhies'' <br /> "This is the woman (whom) I married"		* ''Honn iw er wrek a dhewedhies'' <br /> "This is the woman (whom) I married"
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	*''Yoan iw er ci ay gwarot er din'' <br /> "The dog that the man saved is fine"		*''Yoan iw er ci ay gwarot er din'' <br /> "The dog that the man saved is fine"

	Where the antecedent is an ''indirect object'', governed by a preposition, Cumbraek uses a normal object relative sentence then uses a personal preposition to refer back to the antecedent. The word order is therefore [~~antecedent~~] + ''a''<small><sup>L</sup></small> + [~~personal verb~~] + [~~rest~~ of ~~sentence~~] + [~~personal pronoun~~].		Where the antecedent is an ''indirect object'', governed by a preposition, Cumbraek uses a normal object relative sentence then uses a personal preposition to refer back to the antecedent. The word order is therefore [Antecedent] + ''a''<small><sup>L</sup></small> + [Personal Verb] + [Rest of Sentence] + [Personal Pronoun].

	* ''Hunn iw er ti a duvun indho'' <br /> "This is the house in which I grew up" (lit. "This is the house which I grew up in it")		* ''Hunn iw er ti a duvun indho'' <br /> "This is the house in which I grew up" (lit. "This is the house which I grew up in it")
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	Again there is potential for ambiguity in the last example. The most basic sentence ''Hi gwelas er wrek a rodhas er get dudhy'' could mean either "She saw the woman who gave the present to her" or "She saw the woman to whom she gave the present". The use of auxiliary ''-hi'' is the only means to signal that the "she" is the subject of the relative clause.		Again there is potential for ambiguity in the last example. The most basic sentence ''Hi gwelas er wrek a rodhas er get dudhy'' could mean either "She saw the woman who gave the present to her" or "She saw the woman to whom she gave the present". The use of auxiliary ''-hi'' is the only means to signal that the "she" is the subject of the relative clause.

	Cumbraek does not have a specific '''possessive relative''' akin to English "whose", so sentences of this type are constructed with an object relative sentence, followed by a possessive pronoun referring back to the antecedent and the relevant object of possession. The word order is [~~antecedent~~] + ''a''<small><sup>L</sup></small> + [~~personal verb~~] + [~~possessive pronoun~~] + [~~object~~ of ~~possession~~].		Cumbraek does not have a specific '''possessive relative''' akin to English "whose", so sentences of this type are constructed with an object relative sentence, followed by a possessive pronoun referring back to the antecedent and the relevant object of possession. The word order is [Antecedent] + ''a''<small><sup>L</sup></small> + [Personal Verb] + [Possessive Pronoun] + [Object of Possession].

	* ''Hunn iw er din a dhewedhies i verch'' <br /> "This is the man whose daughter I married" (lit. "This is the man who I married his daughter")		* ''Hunn iw er din a dhewedhies i verch'' <br /> "This is the man whose daughter I married" (lit. "This is the man who I married his daughter")
	* ''E carav er wrek a gahas-ev i h'archenn o widir'' <br /> "He loves the woman whose glass slipper he found" (lit. "He loves the woman who he found her glass slipper")		* ''E carav er wrek a gahas-ev i h'archenn o widir'' <br /> "He loves the woman whose glass slipper he found" (lit. "He loves the woman who he found her glass slipper")

	All of these types of relative clause may be ''negated'' by replacing ''a''<small><sup>L</sup></small> with ''ne''<small><sup>SL</sup></small>.		All of these types of relative clause may be '''negated''' by replacing ''a''<small><sup>L</sup></small> with ''ne''<small><sup>SL</sup></small>.

	* ''Mi adoynav rewoun ne lavur Goodhelek'' <br /> "I know someone who does not speak Irish"		* ''Mi adoynav rewoun ne lavur Goodhelek'' <br /> "I know someone who does not speak Irish"