Efenol - Revision history

Jotadiego: Some of my notes hint at Efenol being created in 2009 rather than 2010, although I'm still unsure.

2020-04-16T01:06:43Z

Some of my notes hint at Efenol being created in 2009 rather than 2010, although I'm still unsure.

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:06, 16 April 2020
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	\|fam5=Old Efenol		\|fam5=Old Efenol
	\|script=[[w:Latin script\|Latin]]		\|script=[[w:Latin script\|Latin]]
	\|created = ~~2010~~		\|created = 2009
	\|-		\|-
	\|notice=IPA		\|notice=IPA
	}}		}}

	'''Efenol''' /e.fe.ˈnol/ is an ''a posteriori'' constructed language descended from modern Spanish. Its phonology was inspired by Sindarin and Celtic languages. Much like those languages, Efenol features consonant and vowel mutation in its morphology. It was created around the year 2010.		'''Efenol''' /e.fe.ˈnol/ is an ''a posteriori'' constructed language descended from modern Spanish. Its phonology was inspired by Sindarin and Celtic languages. Much like those languages, Efenol features consonant and vowel mutation in its morphology. It was created around the year 2009 or 2010.

	Efenol is a pluricentric language with a wide range of dialects. ''Southern Efenol'', the earliest variety to split off, is distinct enough to be considered a different language and will not be covered in this article. The western variety, Western Efenol or ''Efenol del'Oth'' (/e.fe.ˈnol de.ˈloθ/) serves as the main standard language.		Efenol is a pluricentric language with a wide range of dialects. ''Southern Efenol'', the earliest variety to split off, is distinct enough to be considered a different language and will not be covered in this article. The western variety, Western Efenol or ''Efenol del'Oth'' (/e.fe.ˈnol de.ˈloθ/) serves as the main standard language.

Учхљёная: /* In other dialects */ Categories.

2019-12-05T15:07:03Z

In other dialects: Categories.

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:07, 5 December 2019
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	[[Category:Efenol]]		[[Category:Efenol]]
	[[Category:Languages]]		[[Category:Languages]]
			[[Category:Romance]]
			[[Category:A posteriori]]

Jotadiego: Fixed some massive formatting issues (it seems this wiki's begun treating lesser-than and greater-than signs in an HTML-like way when it didn't earlier)

2019-07-29T04:08:05Z

Fixed some massive formatting issues (it seems this wiki's begun treating lesser-than and greater-than signs in an HTML-like way when it didn't earlier)

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Jotadiego at 05:03, 8 April 2019

2019-04-08T05:03:24Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:03, 8 April 2019
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	}}		}}

	'''Efenol''' /e.fe.ˈnol/ is an ''a posteriori'' constructed language descended from modern Spanish. Its phonology was inspired by Sindarin and Celtic languages ~~and the language~~ features consonant and vowel mutation in its morphology. It was created around the year 2010.		'''Efenol''' /e.fe.ˈnol/ is an ''a posteriori'' constructed language descended from modern Spanish. Its phonology was inspired by Sindarin and Celtic languages. Much like those languages, Efenol features consonant and vowel mutation in its morphology. It was created around the year 2010.

	Efenol is a pluricentric language with a wide range of dialects. ''Southern Efenol'', the earliest variety to split off, is distinct enough to be considered a different language and will not be covered in this article. The western variety, Western Efenol or ''Efenol del'Oth'' (/e.fe.ˈnol de.ˈloθ/) serves as the main standard language.		Efenol is a pluricentric language with a wide range of dialects. ''Southern Efenol'', the earliest variety to split off, is distinct enough to be considered a different language and will not be covered in this article. The western variety, Western Efenol or ''Efenol del'Oth'' (/e.fe.ˈnol de.ˈloθ/) serves as the main standard language.

Jotadiego: Correction to NW Efenol Schleicher fable

2018-07-17T18:08:38Z

Correction to NW Efenol Schleicher fable

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:08, 17 July 2018
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	! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold; background-color:#efefef;" \| Spanish (for reference)		! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold; background-color:#efefef;" \| Spanish (for reference)
	\|-		\|-
	\| style="text-align: center; background-color:#ffffff;" \| Nu·chulîn, un ovech ce no tenî lan ~~beô~~		\| style="text-align: center; background-color:#ffffff;" \| Nu·chulîn, un ovech ce no tenî lan a·bhith
	cevîl. Un delho terabh du·châr pehao, un		cevîl. Un delho terabh du·châr pehao, un

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	«Echytç, ovech! O·cyrthoin dëlen a noth		«Echytç, ovech! O·cyrthoin dëlen a noth

	pan bem eth. Un ómber, l'am, ath ~~con~~		pan bem eth. Un ómber, l'am, ath cun

	a·lan del'ovech un avijr p'el. I or		a·lan del'ovech un avijr p'el. I or

Jotadiego: L'ovech i o·cevîl.

2018-07-17T05:40:53Z

L'ovech i o·cevîl.

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Jotadiego: Dialect comparison

2018-07-17T03:31:01Z

Dialect comparison

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Jotadiego: Reflexive verbs

2018-07-16T18:59:11Z

Reflexive verbs

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:59, 16 July 2018
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	The cluster <sc>, when pronounced /sθ/, is simplified to /θ/: escena > ''ethen''.		The cluster <sc>, when pronounced /sθ/, is simplified to /θ/: escena > ''ethen''.

	It should be noted that the Spanish suffix -ción (corresponding to English -tion) always corresponds to ''-thôn'' with an i-ablaut on the preceding vowel (although Northern Efenol consistently omits the i-ablaut for this suffix).		It should be noted that the Spanish suffix -ción (corresponding to English -tion) always corresponds to ''-thôn'' with an i-ablaut on the preceding vowel (although Northern Efenol consistently omits the i-ablaut for this suffix). It's plural, however, becomes ''-thën'' rather than the expected ''-thoin''.

	Elsewhere, Spanish C is pronounced as a /k/. This phoneme evolves in different ways depending on its context. The following notes will assume that the phoneme is not followed by a /w/ (a Spanish 'u' forming a rising dipthong) as /kw/ has a particular behaviour that will be discussed in a subsection of its own.		Elsewhere, Spanish C is pronounced as a /k/. This phoneme evolves in different ways depending on its context. The following notes will assume that the phoneme is not followed by a /w/ (a Spanish 'u' forming a rising dipthong) as /kw/ has a particular behaviour that will be discussed in a subsection of its own.
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	As in the preceding sections, statements and examples can be assumed to apply to the standard form of the language, Western Efenol, unless otherwise noted.		As in the preceding sections, statements and examples can be assumed to apply to the standard form of the language, Western Efenol, unless otherwise noted.

	===~~Morphology~~===		===Grammar===

	====Nouns====		====Nouns====
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	As in most other Romance languages, acusative pronouns precede verbs in Efenol rather than coming after them as most direct objects. Forms with an apostrophe are used before vowel-initial verbs ''unless'' they are only one syllable long, in which case the full pronoun may be used for euphony: ''te cijr'' (I'm fond of you) vs ''t'adhor'' (I adore you) but ''te òm'' (I love you). Some forms are in free variation such as ''nô'' and ''noz'' for 'us' in some varieties (''noz'' is increasingly common and displacing ''nô'' in all such varieties). Northern Efenol ''lio'' vs ''lia'' correspond to accusative non-reflexive forms of masculine and feminine third person plural respectively.		As in most other Romance languages, acusative pronouns precede verbs in Efenol rather than coming after them as most direct objects. Forms with an apostrophe are used before vowel-initial verbs ''unless'' they are only one syllable long, in which case the full pronoun may be used for euphony: ''te cijr'' (I'm fond of you) vs ''t'adhor'' (I adore you) but ''te òm'' (I love you). Some forms are in free variation such as ''nô'' and ''noz'' for 'us' in some varieties (''noz'' is increasingly common and displacing ''nô'' in all such varieties). Northern Efenol ''lio'' vs ''lia'' correspond to accusative non-reflexive forms of masculine and feminine third person plural respectively.

			Infinitives, gerunds, imperatives and compound verb tenses which include such verbforms (progressive tenses with gerunds, simple future with infinitives), however, require accusative pronouns to follow the verb (optional in Eastern and North-Eastern dialects). These post-verbal accusative pronouns are subject to rhotic mutation if preceded by an -r (as in all infinitives) or an /l/ and nasal-mutation if preceded by a nasal (as in all gerunds other than in Northern Efenol). In all cases, these pronouns are separated from the preceding verb with a hyphen.

			Examples: ''dethir-the'' (to tell you), ''thë mirann-lho'' (I am looking at them), ''bë ather-lo'' (I am going to do it), ''Defîrth-te!'' (Wake [yourself] up!).

	Efenol pronouns also feature an ''oblique'' form used along prepositions. These oblique forms only differ from the nominative for first person singular (I) and second person singular (you): ''mî'' and ''tî'' respectively. Reflexive may be expressed through ''sî'' or, far more commonly, by a regular third person pronoun (Spanish "para sí" meaning 'for himself', may be reflected as ''pâr sî'' but is more likely to shift to "pâr el"). A large number of Eastern Efenol speakers (as well as a minority of Northern Efenol speakers), however, use the nominative forms for all pronouns along prepositions. Additionally, dialectal Western Efenol, Central Efenol and some forms of Eastern Efenol use ''mij/mŷ'' and ''thij/thŷ'' along with the preposition ''con'' (preserving Spanish 'conmigo' and 'contigo'). It should be noted that prepositions may form contractions with vowel-initial pronouns.		Efenol pronouns also feature an ''oblique'' form used along prepositions. These oblique forms only differ from the nominative for first person singular (I) and second person singular (you): ''mî'' and ''tî'' respectively. Reflexive may be expressed through ''sî'' or, far more commonly, by a regular third person pronoun (Spanish "para sí" meaning 'for himself', may be reflected as ''pâr sî'' but is more likely to shift to "pâr el"). A large number of Eastern Efenol speakers (as well as a minority of Northern Efenol speakers), however, use the nominative forms for all pronouns along prepositions. Additionally, dialectal Western Efenol, Central Efenol and some forms of Eastern Efenol use ''mij/mŷ'' and ''thij/thŷ'' along with the preposition ''con'' (preserving Spanish 'conmigo' and 'contigo'). It should be noted that prepositions may form contractions with vowel-initial pronouns.
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	\|-		\|-
	\| Irregular: -ear		\| Irregular: -ear
	\| style="text-align: center;" \| ~~avytâr~~		\| style="text-align: center;" \| avytcâr
	\| style="text-align: center;" \| ~~avytê~~		\| style="text-align: center;" \| avytcê
	~~avytâs~~		avytcâs
	\| style="text-align: center;" \| ~~avytês~~		\| style="text-align: center;" \| avytcês
	~~avytâs~~		avytcâs
	\| style="text-align: center;" \| ~~avytê~~		\| style="text-align: center;" \| avytcê
	~~avytâs~~		avytcâs
	\| style="text-align: center;" \| ~~avytêm~~		\| style="text-align: center;" \| avytcêm
	~~avytâsem~~		avytcâsem
	\| style="text-align: center;" \| ~~avytei~~		\| style="text-align: center;" \| avytcei
	~~avytâsî~~		avytcâsî
	\| style="text-align: center;" \| ~~avytên~~		\| style="text-align: center;" \| avytcên
	~~avytâsen~~		avytcâsen
	\| style="text-align: center;" \| boo		\| style="text-align: center;" \| boo
	\|-		\|-
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	\| style="text-align: center;" \| go		\| style="text-align: center;" \| go
	\|}		\|}

			=====Reflexive verbs and passive=====

			As in Spanish, many Efenol verbs are reflexive. These verbs are characterized by always having an accusative pronoun affix which matches their subject: ''me'' for 1s, ''te'' for 2s, reflexive ''se'' for 3s and 3p, ''noth'' for 1p and ''both'' for 2p (and the corresponding dialectal variants; post-verbal pronoun forms are used for infinitives, gerunds and compound tenses with these nonfinite verbforms).

			This kind of construction appears in the following scenarios:
			* True reflexives where the subject and the direct object a transitive verb coincide: ''me bhë'' for 'I see myself'.
			* As a passive construction for transitive verbs where the promoted object becomes a third-person reflexive subject: ''Noth cantham a·cînthën'' (We sing the songs) -> ''A·cînthën se cánthan'' (The songs are sung, literally 'the songs sing themselves').
			* Some verbs simply require reflexive construcitons by default as they were inherited as such from Spanish. These verbs sometimes come in pairs with a non-reflexive equivalent. For instance, the verb ''dërmir'' (from Spanish "dormir") is used as follows:
			** Non-reflexively: as an intransitive verb meaning 'to sleep': ''seo dërm'' (I sleep)
			** Non-reflexively: as a transitive verb meaning 'to make someone sleep': ''A·mhádher dërm l'ich'' (The woman has [her] child sleep).
			** Reflexively: to fall sleep: ''Me dërmî'' (I fell asleep).

	==Example texts==		==Example texts==

Jotadiego: Morphology

2018-07-16T07:09:24Z

Morphology

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Jotadiego: Consonant evolution

2018-07-13T00:01:13Z

Consonant evolution

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