Hadda - Revision history

Shariifka: /* Phonotactics */

2018-10-09T20:02:55Z

Phonotactics

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:02, 9 October 2018
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	Syllable structure is (C)V(C).		Syllable structure is (C)V(C).

	Vowels cannot occur in hiatus.		Vowels cannot occur in hiatus. A syllable with a long vowel cannot have a coda.

	===Morphophonology===		===Morphophonology===

Shariifka: /* Stress */

2018-10-09T20:00:35Z

Stress

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:00, 9 October 2018
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	===Prosody===		===Prosody===
	====Stress====		====Stress====
	Stress is on the final long syllable in a word. A long syllable is one that contains a long vowel or is followed by two consonants.		Stress is on the final long syllable in a word. A long syllable is one that contains a long vowel or a short vowel followed by two consonants.

	====Intonation====		====Intonation====

Shariifka: /* Consonants */

2018-10-09T19:59:37Z

Consonants

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:59, 9 October 2018
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	===Consonants===		===Consonants===
	Allophones and loanword-exclusive phonemes are enclosed in brackets.		Allophones are enclosed in square brackets and loanword-exclusive phonemes are enclosed in round brackets.
	{\| class="IPA wikitable" style="text-align: center;"		{\| class="IPA wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
	\|-		\|-
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	\|(q)		\|(q)
	\|		\|
	\|(ʔ)		\|[ʔ]
	\|-		\|-
	!voiced		!voiced
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	\|(θ)		\|(θ)
	\|s		\|s
	\|(ʃ)		\|[ʃ]
	\|		\|
	\|(hʷ)		\|[hʷ]
	\|(χ)		\|(χ)
	\|ħ		\|ħ
	\|(h)		\|[h]
	\|-		\|-
	!voiced		!voiced
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	! rowspan = "2"\| Approximant/Flap		! rowspan = "2"\| Approximant/Flap
	!plain		!plain
	\|(β̞)		\|[β̞]
	\|(ð̞)		\|[ð̞]
	\|(ɾ) l		\|[ɾ] l
	\|j		\|j
	\|(ɣ̞)		\|[ɣ̞]
	\|w		\|w
	\|		\|
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	\|		\|
	\|		\|
	\|(ɾˀ)		\|[ɾˀ]
	\|(ʔʲ)		\|[ʔʲ]
	\|		\|
	\|(ʔʷ)		\|[ʔʷ]
	\|		\|
	\|		\|

Shariifka: /* Orthography */

2018-02-24T23:08:37Z

Orthography

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:08, 24 February 2018
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	==Phonology==		==Phonology==
	===Orthography===		===Orthography===
	'''Note:''' There is no reason to include Greek and Cyrillic alphabets except my love of writing systems.		<!--
			'''Note:''' There is no reason to include Greek and Cyrillic alphabets except my love of writing systems.-->
	{\| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"		{\| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
	\|-		\|-

Shariifka at 03:15, 27 November 2017

2017-11-27T03:15:51Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:15, 27 November 2017
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	III. Once done, try making sure everything is properly spelt so as to avoid unnecessary reader fatigue.		III. Once done, try making sure everything is properly spelt so as to avoid unnecessary reader fatigue.
	-->		-->
	'''Hadda''' (Native: ''ħaɗɗa'') is an a priori language inspired by various African languages.		'''Hadda''' (Native: ''ħaɗɗa'') is an a priori language inspired by various (mostly African) languages.
	==Introduction==		==Introduction==
	<!-- Design goals, inspiration, ideas, who speaks it?, when was it created?, where does it come from?, any peculiarities? -->		<!-- Design goals, inspiration, ideas, who speaks it?, when was it created?, where does it come from?, any peculiarities? -->

Shariifka: /* Voice */

2017-06-05T21:37:16Z

Voice

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:37, 5 June 2017
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	Indicated by prefixes attached to the verb stem. Unlike person prefixes, these do cause the initial consonant to lenite and lenite themselves when occurring after person or other voice prefixes. When multiple voice prefixes co-occur, the order is ''passive/reflexive/middle-inchoative/cessative-causative-inchoative/cessative-intensive'' (the position of the inchoative/cessative relative to the causative depends on if it means "started/stopped causing X" or "caused to start/stop X") - e.g. ''nutaslaʃiŋafahwaǥaⱳayiɓɓan'' (<small>1S.NOM.2S.INS.PAS.INCH.CAUS.3S.ABS.CESS.INTEN.</small>throw<small>.PST.HAB.IND</small>) "I started to be caused by you to stop habitually throwing it repeatedly".		Indicated by prefixes attached to the verb stem. Unlike person prefixes, these do cause the initial consonant to lenite and lenite themselves when occurring after person or other voice prefixes. When multiple voice prefixes co-occur, the order is ''passive/reflexive/middle-inchoative/cessative-causative-inchoative/cessative-intensive'' (the position of the inchoative/cessative relative to the causative depends on if it means "started/stopped causing X" or "caused to start/stop X") - e.g. ''nutaslaʃiŋafahwaǥaⱳayiɓɓan'' (<small>1S.NOM.2S.INS.PAS.INCH.CAUS.3S.ABS.CESS.INTEN.</small>throw<small>.PST.HAB.IND</small>) "I started to be caused by you to stop habitually throwing it repeatedly".
	*Passive: ''-la-'' e.g. ''laǥaɓɓan'' "is thrown"		*Passive: ''-la-'' e.g. ''laǥaɓɓan'' "is thrown"
	**Indicates that ~~the~~ action is performed on the subject. The patient takes the nominative and the agent takes the instrumental.		**Indicates that an action is performed on the subject. The patient takes the nominative and the agent takes the instrumental.
	*Middle: ''-ma-'' e.g. ''maǥaɓɓan'' "gets thrown"		*Middle: ''-ma-'' e.g. ''maǥaɓɓan'' "gets thrown"
	**Indicates that an action affects the subject, without indicating the ~~cause~~ of the ~~change~~.		**Indicates that an action affects the subject, without indicating the source of the action.
	*Intensive: Formed by reduplicating ''-Ca-'' or ''-CaCa-'' e.g. ''gaǥaaⱳan'', ''gaⱳaǥaaⱳan'' "is throwing repeatedly/intensely"		*Intensive: Formed by reduplicating ''-Ca-'' or ''-CaCa-'' e.g. ''gaǥaaⱳan'', ''gaⱳaǥaaⱳan'' "is throwing repeatedly/intensely"
	*Causative: ''-ŋa-'' e.g. ''ŋaǥaaⱳan'' "is causing to throw"		*Causative: ''-ŋa-'' e.g. ''ŋaǥaaⱳan'' "is causing to throw"

Shariifka: /* Voice */

2017-06-05T21:25:58Z

Voice

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:25, 5 June 2017
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	*Passive: ''-la-'' e.g. ''laǥaɓɓan'' "is thrown"		*Passive: ''-la-'' e.g. ''laǥaɓɓan'' "is thrown"
	**Indicates that the action is performed on the subject. The patient takes the nominative and the agent takes the instrumental.		**Indicates that the action is performed on the subject. The patient takes the nominative and the agent takes the instrumental.
	*Reflexive: ''-sa-'' e.g. ''saǥaɓɓan'' "throws oneself"
	**Indicates that the subject performs an action on themselves.
	*Middle: ''-ma-'' e.g. ''maǥaɓɓan'' "gets thrown"		*Middle: ''-ma-'' e.g. ''maǥaɓɓan'' "gets thrown"
	**Indicates that an action affects the subject, without indicating the cause of the change.		**Indicates that an action affects the subject, without indicating the cause of the change.

Shariifka: /* Person + Number */

2017-06-05T21:25:27Z

Person + Number

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:25, 5 June 2017
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	Other arguments:		Other arguments:
	*Replace final ''-u-'' of corresponding subject prefix with appropriate case ending - e.g. ''namiiran'' "was leading me", ''nammiiran'' "was leading towards me"		*Replace final ''-u-'' of corresponding subject prefix with appropriate case ending - e.g. ''namiiran'' "was leading me", ''nammiiran'' "was leading towards me"
			*There is an additional reflexive prefix: ''sa-'' (takes appropriate case endings) - e.g. ''nusamaaran'' "I am leading myself", ''fusammiiran'' "he/she was leading towards him/herself" (compare ''fufammiiran'' "he/she was leading towards him/her/it (someone else)")

	====Voice====		====Voice====

Shariifka: /* Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Article 1) */

2017-06-04T19:45:30Z

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Article 1)

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:45, 4 June 2017
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	==Example texts==		==Example texts==
	===Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Article 1)===		===Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Article 1)===
			Yooƀu leraawiyu gweeme ni ɓaaŋwaŋ ciiɂaŋ-la biine fawumanaađan. Ħiiƀa moħħa-ra fawumaŋaaⱳa, ni giǥaawaŋ ɗaara fawudaŋŋan.

	==Other resources==		==Other resources==

Shariifka: /* Number */

2017-06-04T19:31:41Z

Number

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:31, 4 June 2017
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	====Number====		====Number====
	Infixed before case vowel, ~~cause~~ shortening of penultimate long vowels.		Infixed before case vowel, causing shortening of penultimate long vowels.
	*Paucal: ''-aan-''		*Paucal: ''-aan-''
	*Plural: ''-aaw-''		*Plural: ''-aaw-''