Hantza/Verbs - Revision history

Pá mamūnám ontā́ bán: /* Verb template */

2014-11-13T08:41:31Z

Verb template

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:41, 13 November 2014
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	\|}		\|}

	This eight syllable word also illustrates the [[Hantza#Morphophonological_processes\|morphophonological processes]] of assimilation (''-ti-'' + ''-tu-'' = ''-tzu-'') and metathesis (''-kap-'' + ''-mò'' = ''-kampò'').		This eight-syllable word also illustrates the [[Hantza#Morphophonological_processes\|morphophonological processes]] of assimilation (''-ti-'' + ''-tu-'' = ''-tzu-'') and metathesis (''-kap-'' + ''-mò'' = ''-kampò'').

	==Person marking==		==Person marking==

Pá mamūnám ontā́ bán: /* Evidentiality */

2014-11-13T08:40:33Z

Evidentiality

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:40, 13 November 2014
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	Evidentiality is marked on the verb by suffixation.		Evidentiality is marked on the verb by suffixation.

	The division of evidentials is similar to that of the South American languages Aymara and Quechua; there exists a three way distinction. The first version provided is used post-consonantally, the second post-vocalically		The division of evidentials is similar to that of the South American languages Aymara and Quechua; there exists a three way distinction. The first version provided is used post-consonantally, the second post-vocalically:
	*Witness: ''-am-'', ''-am-''		*Witness: ''-am-'', ''-am-''
	*Inferential: ''-ang-'', ''-ng-''		*Inferential: ''-ang-'', ''-ng-''

Pá mamūnám ontā́ bán: /* Applicative */

2014-11-13T08:38:10Z

Applicative

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:38, 13 November 2014
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	==Applicative==		==Applicative==
	Applicative suffixes are used to incorporate an oblique argument or an adjunct to a core argument of the verb. This also affects the person marking on the verb.		Applicative suffixes are used to incorporate an oblique argument or an adjunct to a core argument of the verb. This also affects the person marking on the verb.

			There are multiple applicatives in Hantza: instrumental, comitative, locative, benefactive and, less commonly, malefactive.

			Applicatives are primarily used to shift the focus onto the oblique argument. This is especially common when, in narrative context, certain characters are being kept at the centre of the discourse.

	==Evidentiality==		==Evidentiality==

Pá mamūnám ontā́ bán: /* Polarity */

2014-11-13T08:33:11Z

Polarity

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:33, 13 November 2014
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	==Polarity==		==Polarity==
	Negatives are formed by the suffix ''-mò''.		Negatives are formed by the suffix ''-mò''.

			==Applicative==
			Applicative suffixes are used to incorporate an oblique argument or an adjunct to a core argument of the verb. This also affects the person marking on the verb.

	==Evidentiality==		==Evidentiality==

Pá mamūnám ontā́ bán: /* Verb template */

2014-11-13T08:29:24Z

Verb template

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:29, 13 November 2014
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	! colspan="4" \|Other prefixes		! colspan="4" \|Other prefixes
	! colspan="1" \|Stem		! colspan="1" \|Stem
	! colspan="2" \|Suffixes		! colspan="3" \|Suffixes
	\|-		\|-
	\| 1		\| 1
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	\| 9		\| 9
	\| 10		\| 10
			\| 11
	\|-		\|-
	\| <small>object</small>		\| <small>object</small>
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	\| <small>copula</small>		\| <small>copula</small>
	\| '''<small>stem</small>'''		\| '''<small>stem</small>'''
			\| <small>applicative</small>
	\| <small>evidentiality</small>		\| <small>evidentiality</small>
	\| <small>negative</small>		\| <small>negative</small>
	\|}		\|}

	Despite the large number of slots, it is impossible for all ~~ten of these slots~~ to be occupied by a single conjugated verb and highly unusual for only one to be left vacant.		Despite the large number of slots, it is impossible for all eleven to be occupied by a single conjugated verb and highly unusual for only one to be left vacant.

	An extreme example, where seven of the ~~ten~~ slots are occupied, would be the translation of the English "apparently he may not give it to you". This is provided below.		An extreme example, where seven of the eleven slots are occupied, would be the translation of the English "apparently he may not give it to you". This is provided below.

	{\| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 548px; text-align:center;"		{\| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 548px; text-align:center;"

Pá mamūnám ontā́ bán at 10:23, 18 September 2014

2014-09-18T10:23:04Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:23, 18 September 2014
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	Verbs of motion are often used idiomatically and in proverbs.		Verbs of motion are often used idiomatically and in proverbs.

			==Lexical-periphrastic pairs==
			Some verbs, whose meanings are almost synonymous, come in pairs. One of these verbs expresses the concept with a separate lexical item, the second periphrastically. These also convey differing semantic nuances. The typical case quote is ''tzunka'' "to kill" and ''tima darki nim'' "to execute" (literally "to send to death", cf. "to put to death").

	{{Hantza}}		{{Hantza}}

Pá mamūnám ontā́ bán: /* Copula */

2014-09-18T10:13:28Z

Copula

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:13, 18 September 2014
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	In Hantza there is no verb that corresponds directly to the English "to be".		In Hantza there is no verb that corresponds directly to the English "to be".

	A common way of expressing the verb "to be" in Hantza is by using a particle.		A common way of expressing the verb "to be" in Hantza is by using the particle ''ifa''.

	When talking being in the sense of location the irregular verb ''ABCDEFG'' is used. This may be translated variously as "to be", "to stay", "to remain", "to become" or "to get".		When talking being in the sense of location the irregular verb ''ABCDEFG'' is used. This may be translated variously as "to be", "to stay", "to remain", "to become" or "to get". Alternatively the verb for "to lie" or "to stand" may be used - as may a reflexive version of "to find".

	A noun can also be turned into a verb that means "to be X" by adding a copular prefix to the root noun. The relevant prefixes marking person and mode are then added. This strategy is only used when the subject of the noun is not being modified by anything adjective-like. In such ~~case~~ the normal copular construction is used.		A noun can also be turned into a verb that means "to be X" by adding the copular prefix ''-ta-'' to the root noun. The relevant prefixes marking person and mode are then added. This strategy is only used when the subject of the noun is not being modified by anything adjective-like. In such cases the normal copular construction is used.

	==Possession==		==Possession==

Pá mamūnám ontā́ bán: /* Verb template */

2014-08-30T17:27:33Z

Verb template

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:27, 30 August 2014
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	\| colspan="10" \| /opokuˌt͡suˈbetakampoʔ/		\| colspan="10" \| /opokuˌt͡suˈbetakampoʔ/
	\|-		\|-
	\| colspan="10" \| [ɔ.pɔ.kʉ.~~ˌt͡sʉ~~.~~ˈbɛ~~.tɐ.kɐ.mpɔʔ]		\| colspan="10" \| [ɔ.pɔ.kʊ̈.ˌt͡sʊ̈.ˈbe.tɐ.kɐ.mpɔʔ]
	\|-		\|-
	\| o-		\| o-

Pá mamūnám ontā́ bán at 16:16, 30 August 2014

2014-08-30T16:16:22Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:16, 30 August 2014
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	Verbs of motion are often used idiomatically and in proverbs.		Verbs of motion are often used idiomatically and in proverbs.

	{{~~Template:~~Hantza}}		{{Hantza}}

Pá mamūnám ontā́ bán: /* Mediopassive */

2014-08-27T10:29:40Z

Mediopassive

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:29, 27 August 2014
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	*Anticausative: "the window broke"		*Anticausative: "the window broke"
	*Autobenefactive: to add a sense of benefaction for the subject of a transitive verb when used together with the reflexive?		*Autobenefactive: to add a sense of benefaction for the subject of a transitive verb when used together with the reflexive?
	*To add an intensive or semantic nuance, "to be a mother" (active) vs "to molly-coddle" (mediopassive)?		*To add an intensive or semantic nuance, "to be a mother" (active) vs "to molly-coddle" (mediopassive); "to shine" (active) vs "to shine brightly" (mediopassive)

	==Polarity==		==Polarity==