Heracliotic Greek - Revision history

Tardigrade: /* Consonants */

2023-01-02T20:41:22Z

Consonants

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:41, 2 January 2023
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	*uCu → /u/		*uCu → /u/

	Voiceless stops were also lenited. Note that this occurred after tonogenesis was complete, and no new tones were generated:		Voiceless stops were also lenited. Note that this occurred after tonogenesis was complete, and no new tones were generated. Consequently all unaspirated stops opening stressed syllables are necessarily followed by high level vowels:
	*π /p/ → /b/		*π /p/ → /b/
	*τ /t/ → /d/		*τ /t/ → /d/

Tardigrade: /* Evolution */

2023-01-02T20:37:32Z

Evolution

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:37, 2 January 2023
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	*νζ /ndz/ → /ndz/		*νζ /ndz/ → /ndz/

	Voiced stops and /z/ at the beginning of a word or beginning a stressed syllable merged with the aspirates and /s/ respectively, leaving a rising tone (pre-existing aspirates result in a level high tone). The other voiced consonants /l, ʎ, m, n, ɲ, r/ also came to be followed by a rising tone, that was changed to a level high tone when provected.		Voiced stops and /z/ at the beginning of a word or beginning a stressed syllable merged with the aspirates and /s/ respectively, leaving a rising tone (pre-existing aspirates result in a level high tone). The other voiced consonants /l, ʎ, m, n, ɲ, r/ also came to be followed by a rising tone, that was changed to a level high tone when provected. As a result, all stressed vowels have either rising or high level tone.
	*βα /ba/ → /pʰǎ/		*βα /ba/ → /pʰǎ/
	*δα /da/ → /tʰǎ/		*δα /da/ → /tʰǎ/

Tardigrade: /* Consonants */

2023-01-02T20:35:44Z

Consonants

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:35, 2 January 2023
Line 229:		Line 229:
	The Ancient Greek vowel length and pitch accent were converted to a stress accent, placed on what had in Aeolic Greek been the third-to-last mora of a word (or the first, if the word was fewer than three moras long).		The Ancient Greek vowel length and pitch accent were converted to a stress accent, placed on what had in Aeolic Greek been the third-to-last mora of a word (or the first, if the word was fewer than three moras long).
	===Consonants===		===Consonants===
	Voiced stops at the beginning of a word or beginning a stressed syllable merged with the aspirates, leaving a rising tone (pre-existing aspirates result in a level high tone). ~~Liquid~~ consonants /l, ʎ, m, n, ɲ, r/ also came to be followed by a rising tone, that was changed to a level high tone when provected.		/s/ became lenited between vowels, but not when geminated or in pausa. This was the origin of the provection mutation:
			*σ /s/ → /h/

			/dz/ became /z/ in all positions except after nasals:
			*ζ /dz/ → /z/
			*νζ /ndz/ → /ndz/

			Voiced stops and /z/ at the beginning of a word or beginning a stressed syllable merged with the aspirates and /s/ respectively, leaving a rising tone (pre-existing aspirates result in a level high tone). The other voiced consonants /l, ʎ, m, n, ɲ, r/ also came to be followed by a rising tone, that was changed to a level high tone when provected.
	*βα /ba/ → /pʰǎ/		*βα /ba/ → /pʰǎ/
	*δα /da/ → /tʰǎ/		*δα /da/ → /tʰǎ/
	*γα /ga/ → /kʰǎ/		*γα /ga/ → /kʰǎ/
			*ζα /za/ → /sǎ/
	*φα /pʰa/ → /pʰá/		*φα /pʰa/ → /pʰá/
	*θα /kʰa/ → /tʰá/		*θα /kʰa/ → /tʰá/
	*χα /kʰa/ → /kʰá/		*χα /kʰa/ → /kʰá/
			*σα /sa/ → /sá/

	Otherwise, voiced stops were lenited after vowels to the extent that they were entirely lost, The vowels that came into contact as a result formed diphthongs:		Otherwise, /z/ entirely merged with /s/ and voiced stops were lenited after vowels to the extent that they were entirely lost, The vowels that came into contact as a result formed diphthongs:
	*β δ γ /b, d, g/ → /Ø/		*β δ γ /b, d, g/ → /Ø/

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	Aspirates lost aspiration before unstressed vowels. As unstressed vowels do not carry phonemic tone, this did not have any tonal effect.		Aspirates lost aspiration before unstressed vowels. As unstressed vowels do not carry phonemic tone, this did not have any tonal effect.

	~~/s/ became lenited between vowels (but not when geminated or in pausa):~~
	*σ /s/ → /h/

	~~/z/ then devoiced in all positions except after nasals:~~
	*ζ /z/ → /s/
	*νζ /ndz/ → /ndz/

	Several consonants were palatalised when followed by /iV/ where /V/ is any back vowel:		Several consonants were palatalised when followed by /iV/ where /V/ is any back vowel:

Tardigrade: /* Phonology */

2023-01-02T20:29:15Z

Phonology

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:29, 2 January 2023
Line 74:		Line 74:
	! rowspan=2 \| [[w:Fricative consonant\|Spirant]]		! rowspan=2 \| [[w:Fricative consonant\|Spirant]]
	\|-		\|-
	\| ~~[[w:Voiceless_labiodental_fricative\|f]] ⟨f⟩~~		\|
	\| [[w:Voiceless_dental_sibilant\|s]] ⟨s⟩		\| [[w:Voiceless_dental_sibilant\|s]] ⟨s⟩
	\| [[w:/ɕ/\|ɕ]] ⟨x⟩		\| [[w:/ɕ/\|ɕ]] ⟨x⟩

Tardigrade: /* Evolution */

2023-01-02T20:28:17Z

Evolution

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:28, 2 January 2023
Line 226:		Line 226:

	==Evolution==		==Evolution==
			===Vowels===
			The Ancient Greek vowel length and pitch accent were converted to a stress accent, placed on what had in Aeolic Greek been the third-to-last mora of a word (or the first, if the word was fewer than three moras long).
	===Consonants===		===Consonants===
	Voiced stops at the beginning of a word or beginning a stressed syllable merged with the aspirates, leaving a rising tone (pre-existing aspirates result in a level high tone). Liquid consonants /l, ʎ, m, n, ɲ, r/ also came to be followed by a rising tone, that was changed to a level high tone when provected.		Voiced stops at the beginning of a word or beginning a stressed syllable merged with the aspirates, leaving a rising tone (pre-existing aspirates result in a level high tone). Liquid consonants /l, ʎ, m, n, ɲ, r/ also came to be followed by a rising tone, that was changed to a level high tone when provected.

Tardigrade: /* Consonants */

2023-01-02T20:24:10Z

Consonants

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:24, 2 January 2023
Line 260:		Line 260:
	*uCu → /u/		*uCu → /u/

	Voiceless stops were also lenited:		Voiceless stops were also lenited. Note that this occurred after tonogenesis was complete, and no new tones were generated:
	*π /p/ → /b/		*π /p/ → /b/
	*τ /t/ → /d/		*τ /t/ → /d/

Tardigrade: /* Consonants */

2023-01-02T20:23:03Z

Consonants

@@ Line 228: / Line 228: @@
 ===Consonants===
-Voiced stops were lenited:
+Otherwise, voiced stops were lenited after vowels to the extent that they were entirely lost, The vowels that came into contact as a result formed diphthongs:
-*β /b/ → /f/
+*β δ γ /b, d, g/ → /Ø/
-This makes /ɾ/ and /r/ independent phonemes that contrast in any position (unlike Spanish where they only contrast between vowels).
+*aCa → /a/
 Voiceless stops were also lenited:
@@ Line 254: / Line 278: @@
 *κκ σκ ξ χ κχ σχ /kk sk x kh kkh skh/ → /kʰ/
-Aspirates lost aspiration after vowels and voiced fricatives, unless provection blocked it.
+Aspirates lost aspiration before unstressed vowels. As unstressed vowels do not carry phonemic tone, this did not have any tonal effect.
 /s/ became lenited between vowels (but not when geminated or in pausa):

Tardigrade: /* Consonants */

2021-04-08T11:28:55Z

Consonants

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:28, 8 April 2021
Line 234:		Line 234:
	*γ /g/ → /j/		*γ /g/ → /j/

	This makes /ɾ/ ~~an independent phoneme from~~ /r/ that contrast in any position (unlike Spanish where they only contrast between vowels).		This makes /ɾ/ and /r/ independent phonemes that contrast in any position (unlike Spanish where they only contrast between vowels).

	Voiceless stops were also lenited:		Voiceless stops were also lenited:

Tardigrade: /* Consonants */

2021-04-08T11:28:14Z

Consonants

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:28, 8 April 2021
Line 263:		Line 263:
	*νζ /ndz/ → /ndz/		*νζ /ndz/ → /ndz/

	Several consonants were palatalised:		Several consonants were palatalised when followed by /iV/ where /V/ is any back vowel:
	*λιV /liV/ → ʎV		*λιV /liV/ → /ʎV/
	*νιV /niV/ → ɲV		*νιV /niV/ → /ɲV/
	*σιV ζιV /siV ziV/ → ɕV		*σιV ζιV /siV ziV/ → /ɕV/
	*νζιV /nziV/ → /ɲʥV/		*νζιV /nziV/ → /ɲʥV/

Tardigrade: /* Consonants */

2021-04-08T11:27:20Z

Consonants

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:27, 8 April 2021
Line 257:		Line 257:

	/s/ became lenited between vowels (but not when geminated or in pausa):		/s/ became lenited between vowels (but not when geminated or in pausa):
	σ /s/ → /h/		*σ /s/ → /h/

	/z/ then devoiced in all positions except after nasals:		/z/ then devoiced in all positions except after nasals:
	ζ /z/ → /s/		*ζ /z/ → /s/
	νζ /ndz/ → /ndz/		*νζ /ndz/ → /ndz/

	Several consonants were palatalised:		Several consonants were palatalised:
	λιV /liV/ → ʎV		*λιV /liV/ → ʎV
	νιV /niV/ → ɲV		*νιV /niV/ → ɲV
	σιV ζιV /siV ziV/ → ɕV		*σιV ζιV /siV ziV/ → ɕV
	νζιV /nziV/ → /ɲʥV/		*νζιV /nziV/ → /ɲʥV/

	Velars were also palatalised before any front vowel (subsequent loans from Spanish and onomatopeia have reintroduced velars before front vowels however):		Velars were also palatalised before any front vowel (subsequent loans from Spanish and onomatopeia have reintroduced velars before front vowels however):
	g → ʥ		*g → ʥ
	kʰ → ʨʰ		*kʰ → ʨʰ

	Similar to /b d g/, /ʥ/ is realised as voiced stop [ʥ] in a nasal + stop cluster,		Similar to /b d g/, /ʥ/ is realised as voiced stop [ʥ] in a nasal + stop cluster,

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:29, 2 January 2023
Line 74:		Line 74:
	! rowspan=2 \| [[w:Fricative consonant\|Spirant]]		! rowspan=2 \| [[w:Fricative consonant\|Spirant]]
	\|-		\|-
	\| ~~[[w:Voiceless_labiodental_fricative\|f]] ⟨f⟩~~		\|
	\| [[w:Voiceless_dental_sibilant\|s]] ⟨s⟩		\| [[w:Voiceless_dental_sibilant\|s]] ⟨s⟩
	\| [[w:/ɕ/\|ɕ]] ⟨x⟩		\| [[w:/ɕ/\|ɕ]] ⟨x⟩