Hnyengu - Revision history

Учхљёная: Categories.

2020-01-07T15:35:43Z

Categories.

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:35, 7 January 2020
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	===Case===		===Case===

			[[Category:Languages]]
			[[Category:Japonic languages]]
			[[Category:Altaic languages]]

Linguist Wannabe at 09:25, 16 October 2016

2016-10-16T09:25:33Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:25, 16 October 2016
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	The TAM system depends on the dialect. The dialects use roughly the same set of verb affixes, however different dialects use them to mark different things tense/aspect/evidentiality.		The TAM system depends on the dialect. The dialects use roughly the same set of verb affixes, however different dialects use them to mark different things tense/aspect/evidentiality.

	The grammar is fairly typical for the region~~, with SVO word order~~, secundative ditransitive alighment, postpositions, indirect objects coming before the verb, split ergativity (the details of which depend on the dialect), pronouns marked by verbal prefixes, a reciprocal voice marked by a reduplicative prefix, a large number of grammatical moods, and no obligatory plural marking.		The syntax also depends on the dialect. Most dialects have SVO word order, except for the Eastern dialect which is syntactically ergative. In all dialects though, nouns can be brought to the front of the sentence as topics.

			The grammar is fairly typical for the region, secundative ditransitive alighment, postpositions, indirect objects coming before the verb, split ergativity (the details of which depend on the dialect), pronouns marked by verbal prefixes, a reciprocal voice marked by a reduplicative prefix, a large number of grammatical moods, and no obligatory plural marking.

	The phonology is also fairly typical for the region, with a three way aspirated vs. tenuis vs. voiced contrast in stops, a voicing contrast in sonorants consonants, moderately restrictive phonotactics, and a phonation contrast in vowels.		The phonology is also fairly typical for the region, with a three way aspirated vs. tenuis vs. voiced contrast in stops, a voicing contrast in sonorants consonants, moderately restrictive phonotactics, and a phonation contrast in vowels.
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	Grassman's Law also operates in the NW dialect, albeit in the opposite direction. All but the first aspirated consonant is deleted, so /pʰuˈɾepʰe/ - "to prepare" is /pʰuˈɾepe/. Also, /ɬ/ lenites to /ʎ/ rather than /l/ e.g. /ˈkʰoɬi/ - "coffee" becomes /ˈkʰoʎi/.		Grassman's Law also operates in the NW dialect, albeit in the opposite direction. All but the first aspirated consonant is deleted, so /pʰuˈɾepʰe/ - "to prepare" is /pʰuˈɾepe/. Also, /ɬ/ lenites to /ʎ/ rather than /l/ e.g. /ˈkʰoɬi/ - "coffee" becomes /ˈkʰoʎi/.


			==Noun Morphology==

			===Case===

Linguist Wannabe at 09:19, 16 October 2016

2016-10-16T09:19:34Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:19, 16 October 2016
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	===Phonotactics===		===Phonotactics===

	Syllable structures can be of the form (C) (C) V (C), where C is a consonant and V is a vowel (monophthong or diphthong). When two consonants form the onset of a syllable, the second must be /j/. Excluding the previously discussed cases, the only permissible clusters consist of a labial consonant + /j/.		Syllable structures can be of the form C (C) V (C), where C is a consonant and V is a vowel (monophthong or diphthong). When two consonants form the onset of a syllable, the second must be /j/. Excluding the previously discussed cases, the only permissible clusters consist of a labial consonant + /j/.

	In all dialects, /p/, /t/ and /k/ can occur as codas.		In all dialects, /p/, /t/, /k/ and /ʔ/ can occur as codas.

	Nasals can also occur as codas, but in most dialects they do not contrast phonemically with one another. Before another consonant a nasal is always homorganic with that consonant, and at the end of words the only nasal coda heard is [ɲ] after front vowels and [ŋ] elsewhere (in the SW dialect this is simply nasalisation of the preceding vowel).		Nasals can also occur as codas, but in most dialects they do not contrast phonemically with one another. Before another consonant a nasal is always homorganic with that consonant, and at the end of words the only nasal coda heard is [ɲ] after front vowels and [ŋ] elsewhere (in the SW dialect this is simply nasalisation of the preceding vowel).
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	In the Eastern dialect, the flaps /ⱱ/ and /ɾ/ can also occur as codas (in other dialects, the corresponding words end in /ⱱə/ and /ɾə/.		In the Eastern dialect, the flaps /ⱱ/ and /ɾ/ can also occur as codas (in other dialects, the corresponding words end in /ⱱə/ and /ɾə/.


			====Grassman's Law====

			=====Eastern Dialect=====

			In the Eastern dialect, a sound change analagous to Grassman's Law in Indo-European has occured. In a single word, there can only be a single aspirated consonant. In words that contain more than one, all but the last is deleted e.g. /pʰuˈɾepʰe/ - "to prepare" is /puˈɾepʰe/ in the Eastern dialect. Voiceless nasals, /ʍ/, /ɬ/ and /h/ count as aspirated consonants, and change to voiced nasals, /w/, /l/ and /ʔ/ respectively e.g. /ˈkʰoɬi/ - "coffee" is /ˈkoɬi/ in the Eastern dialect.


			=====NW Dialect=====

			Grassman's Law also operates in the NW dialect, albeit in the opposite direction. All but the first aspirated consonant is deleted, so /pʰuˈɾepʰe/ - "to prepare" is /pʰuˈɾepe/. Also, /ɬ/ lenites to /ʎ/ rather than /l/ e.g. /ˈkʰoɬi/ - "coffee" becomes /ˈkʰoʎi/.

Linguist Wannabe at 09:55, 15 October 2016

2016-10-15T09:55:57Z

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-Hnyengu (pronounced ˈɲ̥əŋgu) is another language of my far-future post-apocalypse Antarctican conword, spoken along the Ross Sea coast to the north and west of where [[Kämpya]] is spoken. Genetically, it is a Japonic language, however it has been heavily influenced by other languages. In the generations after the initial colonisation, Hnyengu speakers were usually multilingual, and the language absorbed a huge amount of loanwords, especially from English and Spanish. Over the centuries, it continued to be subject to areal influence. A strong Sprachbund has emerged on the Ross Sea coast, and there are also a number of Antarctic areal features.
+Hnyengu (pronounced [ˈɲ̥əŋgu]) is another language of my far-future post-apocalypse Antarctican conword, spoken along the Ross Sea coast to the north and west of where [[Kämpya]] is spoken. Genetically, it is a Japonic language, however it has been heavily influenced by other languages. In the generations after the initial colonisation, Hnyengu speakers were usually multilingual, and the language absorbed a huge amount of loanwords, especially from English and Spanish. Over the centuries, it continued to be subject to areal influence. A strong Sprachbund has emerged on the Ross Sea coast, and there are also a number of Antarctic areal features.
 There are four major dialect groups: Eastern, Central, Southwestern and Northwestern. The Central dialect is spoken in the major city in the region, Myinatu. For a long time it had been the prestige dialect, but after the city was conquered by Kämpya speakers, the inhabitants of the city switched to Kämpya, and within the city there is now a strong stigma attached to the Central dialect of Hnyengu. However, this stigma does not extend to the other dialects, and there is still a large amount of bilingualism between them and Kämpya.
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 The morphosyntactic alignment is split ergative (the ergative suffix /-ŋ/ being an erosion of the Japanese genitive /no/). The exact rules of the split vary between dialects, but depend on animacy and relative topicality of the subject.
-The TAM system depends on the dialect. Different dialects
+The TAM system depends on the dialect. The dialects use roughly the same set of verb affixes, however different dialects use them to mark different things tense/aspect/evidentiality.

Linguist Wannabe: Created page with "Hnyengu (pronounced ˈɲ̥əŋgu) is another language of my far-future post-apocalypse Antarctican conword, spoken along the Ross Sea coast to the north and west of where K..."

2016-10-14T13:53:49Z

Created page with "Hnyengu (pronounced ˈɲ̥əŋgu) is another language of my far-future post-apocalypse Antarctican conword, spoken along the Ross Sea coast to the north and west of where K..."

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Hnyengu (pronounced ˈɲ̥əŋgu) is another language of my far-future post-apocalypse Antarctican conword, spoken along the Ross Sea coast to the north and west of where [[Kämpya]] is spoken. Genetically, it is a Japonic language, however it has been heavily influenced by other languages. In the generations after the initial colonisation, Hnyengu speakers were usually multilingual, and the language absorbed a huge amount of loanwords, especially from English and Spanish. Over the centuries, it continued to be subject to areal influence. A strong Sprachbund has emerged on the Ross Sea coast, and there are also a number of Antarctic areal features.

There are four major dialect groups: Eastern, Central, Southwestern and Northwestern. The Central dialect is spoken in the major city in the region, Myinatu. For a long time it had been the prestige dialect, but after the city was conquered by Kämpya speakers, the inhabitants of the city switched to Kämpya, and within the city there is now a strong stigma attached to the Central dialect of Hnyengu. However, this stigma does not extend to the other dialects, and there is still a large amount of bilingualism between them and Kämpya.

== Brief Description ==

Like modern Japanese, Hnyengu is a topic comment language. However, a succession of sound changes has led to the morphology becoming more fusional.

The morphosyntactic alignment is split ergative (the ergative suffix /-ŋ/ being an erosion of the Japanese genitive /no/). The exact rules of the split vary between dialects, but depend on animacy and relative topicality of the subject.

The TAM system depends on the dialect. Different dialects