Hwnic - Revision history

SN2rname at 10:00, 17 February 2025

2025-02-17T10:00:50Z

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	~~{{Construction}}~~
	{{Infobox language		{{Infobox language
	\| name=Hwnic		\| name=Hwnic
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	}}		}}

	''This article uses U+2011~~, the~~ non-breaking hyphen "‑".''		''This article uses U+2011 non-breaking hyphen <code>‑</code>.''

	'''Hwnic''' is an ''a priori'' semi-naturalistic agglutinative language. It attempts to broadly delineate what a future natural language might look like.		'''Hwnic''' is an ''a priori'' semi-naturalistic agglutinative language. It attempts to broadly delineate what a future natural language might look like. ''Hwnic'' is an exonym and is pronounced like WHUH-nyk.

	Hwnic is a pitch-accent language. Connected speech is subject to a set of more complex rules involving use of non-modal phonation.		Hwnic is a pitch-accent language. Connected speech is subject to a set of more complex rules involving use of non-modal phonation.

SN2rname: /* Example texts */spelling updated

2025-02-17T09:55:24Z

Example texts: spelling updated

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	== Example texts ==		== Example texts ==
	=== Babel text ===		=== Babel text ===
	''Qs niciq b ~~orkoasu~~ velo isloxait bizitsnsui ~~arleg~~''		''Qs niciq b odqoasu velo isloxait bizitsnsui arlek''

	and LOCV-context GEN world-whole ACC-and language-single speak-nominalizer-common be.3Pl.PST.GNO		and LOCV-context GEN world-whole ACC-and language-single speak-nominalizer-common be.3Pl.PST.GNO
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	and ACC brick DAT stone ACC tar DAT mortar use.3Pl		and ACC brick DAT stone ACC tar DAT mortar use.3Pl

	''Qs bizirn xopinc yza nozn velocti ~~udn~~ blboc eoro varozon ni ~~parxembo~~ jesctiboqro''		''Qs bizirn xopinc yza nozn velocti odn blboc eoro varozon ni parcembo jesctiboqro''

	and say.3Pl quote go EXCLM ACC-and-to_be city tower we-DAT build.HORT LOCV arriving-heaven top-to_be-this-GEN		and say.3Pl quote go EXCLM ACC-and-to_be city tower we-DAT build.HORT LOCV arriving-heaven top-to_be-this-GEN

	''Qs labasyizon ~~xne~~ xersyireis lnu nr ~~meruictignorkoasu~~''		''Qs labasyizon stso xersyireis lnu nr meruicdignodqoasu''

	and be_famous.HORT lest be_scattered.3Pl.SUBJ FUT.STATE LOC spreading-surface-earth-whole		and be_famous.HORT lest be_scattered.3Pl.SUBJ FUT.STATE LOC spreading-surface-earth-whole
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	and the_Lord come_down.3N REL sight-tower this the children-of-man build.3Pl PST.PFV		and the_Lord come_down.3N REL sight-tower this the children-of-man build.3Pl PST.PFV

	''Fnri bizid xopinc mxazon ci ~~qoxnzngu~~ irn boqro ~~isloxait~~ in ust uctsmy lectn''		''Fnri bizid xopinc mxazon ci qoxnxuigu irn boqro isloxuir in ust uctsmy lectn''

	the_Lord say.3N quote look.HORT the people-united be_property.3Pl they-GEN language-singular be_property.3N and this-ACC-do.3Pl PRES.INCHO		the_Lord say.3N quote look.HORT the people-united be_property.3Pl they-GEN language-singular be_property.3N and this-ACC-do.3Pl PRES.INCHO
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	go EXCLM go_down.HORT then ACC language-they-GEN confound.HORT REL purpose ACC speech each_other understand.3Pl.NEG		go EXCLM go_down.HORT then ACC language-they-GEN confound.HORT REL purpose ACC speech each_other understand.3Pl.NEG

	''Zal Fnri t cirgn nr ~~meruictignorko~~ uoro blted lsvo cist ~~sagrudnka~~ ectnrn''		''Zal Fnri t cirgn nr meruicdignodqo uoro blted lsvo cist varocodnka ectnrn''

	hence the_Lord ABL there LOC spreading-surface-earth they-ACC scatter.3N PST.PFV then construction-city.NEG stop.3Pl		hence the_Lord ABL there LOC spreading-surface-earth they-ACC scatter.3N PST.PFV then construction-city.NEG stop.3Pl

	''Zal alorboq Babel klr bimuk ubocnx b Fnri u ~~isloorkoasu~~''		''Zal alorboq Babel klr bimuk ubocnx b Fnri u isloodqoasu''

	hence name it-GEN Babel be_eqivalent.3N because_of confounding ABL the_Lord ACC language-earth-all		hence name it-GEN Babel be_eqivalent.3N because_of confounding ABL the_Lord ACC language-earth-all

	''Cirgn b blted Fnri uoro nr ~~meruictignorkoasu~~''		''Cirgn b blted Fnri uoro nr meruicdignodqoasu''

	There ABL scatter.3N the_Lord they-ACC LOC spreading-surface-earth-whole		There ABL scatter.3N the_Lord they-ACC LOC spreading-surface-earth-whole
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	* ''Fnri'' is from ''fntu'' + ''-ri'', meaning "before the beginning"; ''nokr'' "chief, lord" is the name of a megacorporation and has negative connotations, and the native word ''cirom'' "gods" indicates polytheism.		* ''Fnri'' is from ''fntu'' + ''-ri'', meaning "before the beginning"; ''nokr'' "chief, lord" is the name of a megacorporation and has negative connotations, and the native word ''cirom'' "gods" indicates polytheism.
	* LOC, ACC, DAT all refer to particles.		* LOC, ACC, DAT all refer to particles.
	* Hwnic is head-~~final~~. The broadest category comes first and the most specific comes last. This order applies to qualifier sequences, compound words, and more.		* Hwnic is head-initial. The broadest category comes first and the most specific comes last. This order applies to qualifier sequences, compound words, and more.
	* Nouns are not declined, but a particle may fuse with certain pronouns and other particles.		* Nouns are not declined, but a particle may fuse with certain pronouns and other particles.
	* Most nouns are by default plural, and the suffix -''is'' makes a noun singular.		* Most nouns are by default plural, and the suffix -''is'' makes a noun singular.
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	* The two exclamation particles, ''nozn'' and ''zinbn'', come from two speech registers.		* The two exclamation particles, ''nozn'' and ''zinbn'', come from two speech registers.
	* LOCV or "virtual locative" is a concept I made up for the preposition ''ni'', meaning "in a specified context/situation/state".		* LOCV or "virtual locative" is a concept I made up for the preposition ''ni'', meaning "in a specified context/situation/state".
	* ~~Hwnic has~~ an unusual form of negative concord. For example, "The house is not here" requires a negative marker on "is" and a suffix meaning "in this context does not exist" on "the house", whereas "I'm not going to build the house" requires a negative marker on "build" and a suffix meaning "will not exist in the future" on "the house".		* Negation constructs display an unusual form of negative concord. For example, "The house is not here" requires a negative marker on "is" and a suffix meaning "in this context does not exist" on "the house", whereas "I'm not going to build the house" requires a negative marker on "build" and a suffix meaning "will not exist in the future" on "the house".
	* The "and ACC-and": the former is a conjunction that forms the parallel structure; the latter marks a list of items, in the form of "and X Y Z ..." until the next verb or particle.		* The "and ACC-and": the former is a conjunction that forms the parallel structure; the latter marks a list of items, in the form of "and X Y Z ..." until the next verb or particle.
	** The latter "and", ''elo'', is further fused with the accusative particle ''u'', and here it means the accusative particle applies to each item in the list.		** The latter "and", ''elo'', is further fused with the accusative particle ''u'', and here it means the accusative particle applies to each item in the list.
	* The tense-aspect auxiliary verb is flexible: it can govern a full sentence, as shown here, or apply only to the one verb before it.		* The tense-aspect auxiliary verb is flexible: it can govern a full sentence, as shown here, or apply only to the one verb before it.
	* A single concept corresponds to a single word, which is common in agglutinative languages.		* A single concept often corresponds to a single word, which is common in agglutinative languages.

	=== Digression ===		=== Digression ===

	I've been writing original texts in Hwnic, in order to keep note of events in my life or thoughts that frequently arise, based directly on how the memory or thought is structured.		I've been writing original texts in Hwnic, in order to keep note of events in my life or thoughts that frequently arise, based directly on how the memory or thought is structured.
	# [[Hwnic/For Ri of the Lab]]		# [[Hwnic/For Ri of the Lab]]
	# [[Hwnic/For the Future]]		# [[Hwnic/For the Future]]
			# [[Hwnic/For the End of Introspection]]

SN2rname: /* Syntax */

2025-02-16T11:35:14Z

Syntax

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:35, 16 February 2025
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	=== Constituent order ===		=== Constituent order ===
	Word order is SOV, although sentences frequently appear as OV due to pro-drop, or SV due to an indefinite noun phrase and the verb coming together to form a compound. Some words trigger a reordering of the sentence into VSO, like negation of multiple elements, unusual topic or focus, some temporal relationships ("before"), and reduplicated forms of verbs ("undo", "redo").		Word order is SOV, although sentences frequently appear as OV due to pro-drop, or SV due to an indefinite noun phrase and the verb coming together to form a compound. Some words trigger a reordering of the sentence into VSO, like negation of multiple elements, unusual topic or focus, some temporal relationships ("before"), and reduplicated forms of verbs ("undo", "redo").

			Ordering of delimiting(?) words is usually NAG, and follow a rule of familiarity. For example, in "expensive family dinner", typically "family dinner" is more common and would be put together as dinner-family-expensive, but if this particular family often have expensive dinners, then dinner-expensive-family is also possible.

			These rules may lead to ambiguities. The ultimate disambiguation technique is to include a morpheme in the determiner that comes before a noun phrase to describe its branching structure. This morpheme may be omitted in further mentions of the same noun phrase.

	=== Noun phrase ===		=== Noun phrase ===
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	=== Verb phrase ===		=== Verb phrase ===
	Transitive and intransitive verbs work mostly like English. But each adjective can have a linking verb and a complementary verb, formed with attaching -''tni'' "to become" and -''sdi'' "to remain" to an adjective, respectively. Transitive verbs can be used without an object, where the object of that verb is seen as (null), with a number of possible interpretations. Intransitive verbs usually cannot be used with an object (unless the word is used in a different sense with a transitive meaning).		Transitive and intransitive verbs work mostly like in English. But each adjective can have a linking verb and a complementary verb, formed with attaching -''tni'' "to become" and -''sdi'' "to remain" to an adjective, respectively. Transitive verbs can be used without an object, where the object of that verb is seen as (null), with a number of possible interpretations. Intransitive verbs usually cannot be used with an object (unless the word is used in a different sense with a transitive meaning).

	=== Dependent clause ===		=== Dependent clause ===

SN2rname: /* Example texts */removed test edit

2025-02-15T16:57:25Z

Example texts: removed test edit

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 == Example texts ==
 === Babel text ===
 ''Qs niciq b orkoasu velo isloxait bizitsnsui arleg''

SN2rname: /* Syntax */

2025-02-15T16:56:09Z

Syntax

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:56, 15 February 2025
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	=== Noun phrase ===		=== Noun phrase ===
			Noun phrases are generally right-branching.

			The demonstrative system is currently incomplete. This is one of the most important parts of Hwnic and I have been studying other systems to decide what it will look like here.

	=== Verb phrase ===		=== Verb phrase ===

SN2rname: /* Syntax */

2025-02-08T15:51:47Z

Syntax

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:51, 8 February 2025
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	== Syntax ==		== Syntax ==

	=== Constituent order ===		=== Constituent order ===
	Word order is SOV, although sentences frequently appear as OV due to pro-drop, or SV due ~~object that is~~ an indefinite noun phrase and the verb coming together to form a compound. Some words trigger a reordering of the sentence into VSO~~. Negation~~ of multiple elements ~~is most likely to cause this~~, ~~followed by~~ topic ~~and~~ focus ~~on the topic~~, some temporal relationships ("before"), and ~~verbs in~~ reduplicated forms.		Word order is SOV, although sentences frequently appear as OV due to pro-drop, or SV due to an indefinite noun phrase and the verb coming together to form a compound. Some words trigger a reordering of the sentence into VSO, like negation of multiple elements, unusual topic or focus, some temporal relationships ("before"), and reduplicated forms of verbs ("undo", "redo").

	=== Noun phrase ===		=== Noun phrase ===

	=== Verb phrase ===		=== Verb phrase ===
	~~There are transitive~~ and intransitive verbs, ~~but linking verbs are~~ formed with attaching ~~either~~ -''tni'' "to become" or -''sdi'' "to remain" to an adjective. Transitive verbs can be used without an object, where the object of that verb is seen aa (null), with a number of possible interpretations. Intransitive verbs usually cannot be used with an object (unless the word is used in a different sense with a transitive meaning).		Transitive and intransitive verbs work mostly like English. But each adjective can have a linking verb and a complementary verb, formed with attaching -''tni'' "to become" and -''sdi'' "to remain" to an adjective, respectively. Transitive verbs can be used without an object, where the object of that verb is seen as (null), with a number of possible interpretations. Intransitive verbs usually cannot be used with an object (unless the word is used in a different sense with a transitive meaning).

	=== Dependent clause ===		=== Dependent clause ===

SN2rname: /* Example texts */

2025-02-08T15:48:14Z

Example texts

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:48, 8 February 2025
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	{{Hwnic text		{{Hwnic text
	\|hwnic=Mormez lsvo islojunujunujunujunu		\|hwnic=Mormez lsvo islojunujunujunujunu
	Casrumtag lsvi rit ~~opl~~ ti mvinos v bdoz xadndu nr xanxadunozor		Casrumtag lsvi rit omi ti mvinos v bdoz xadndu nr xanxadunozor
	Gidmxav fone cist u Gloss ge cezin razav kyzon		Gidmxav fone cist u Gloss ge cezin razav kyzon
	\|en=Detect the long long long long line		\|en=Detect the long long long long line
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	Try viewing this page on [your] phone and scrolling the gloss around.		Try viewing this page on [your] phone and scrolling the gloss around.
	\|gloss=detect.3I PST.PFV line-long-long-long-long		\|gloss=detect.3I PST.PFV line-long-long-long-long
	-		interest-observe.1Sg PRES.PFV this [def.] eye REL ability appos. read.3N text-static LOC top_layer-text-move-PARTI
	-}}		this-look.2Sg [REL] phone then ACC gloss MOT surroundings scroll.2Sg VOLUN.FUT}}

	=== Babel text ===		=== Babel text ===
	''Qs niciq b orkoasu velo isloxait bizitsnsui arleg''		''Qs niciq b orkoasu velo isloxait bizitsnsui arleg''
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	=== Digression ===		=== Digression ===

	I've been writing original texts in Hwnic, in order to keep note of events in my life based directly on how the memory or thought is structured.		I've been writing original texts in Hwnic, in order to keep note of events in my life or thoughts that frequently arise, based directly on how the memory or thought is structured.
			# [[Hwnic/For Ri of the Lab]]
	[[Hwnic/For Ri of the Lab]]		# [[Hwnic/For the Future]]

	[[Hwnic/For the Future]]

SN2rname: /* Lexicon */idioms

2025-02-08T15:40:59Z

Lexicon: idioms

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	== Lexicon ==		== Lexicon ==

	The lexicon is built around nouns. Generally, a nominal concept is expressed with a single word. Many scientific words are borrowings or calques from English, but also combined into one word and reordered, as in ''Axtosugul'' "covert aggression".		The lexicon is built around nouns. Generally, a nominal concept is expressed with a single word. Many scientific words are borrowings or calques from English, but also combined into one word and reordered, as in ''Axtosugul'' "covert aggression".

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	On the other hand, the lexicon lacks specific words (other than calqued scientific names) for many plants and animals. In Hwnic, "daffodil", "chrysanthemum", and "osmanthus" are all ''isalbunr'' "conspicuous flower". Some recognizable species may have unique names, such as ''isalibordal'' "rose; poet's flower". This is because flowers have become rare as a result of ecological events, and any allegorical or cultural meanings have been taken up by other terms.		On the other hand, the lexicon lacks specific words (other than calqued scientific names) for many plants and animals. In Hwnic, "daffodil", "chrysanthemum", and "osmanthus" are all ''isalbunr'' "conspicuous flower". Some recognizable species may have unique names, such as ''isalibordal'' "rose; poet's flower". This is because flowers have become rare as a result of ecological events, and any allegorical or cultural meanings have been taken up by other terms.

			=== Idioms ===
			Hwnic idioms are often long compound words that describe a specific mood or situation; ''el''- can form a multi-morpheme word by joining together items in a list. Often, this word consists of four morphemes, like four-character compounds in Chinese and Japanese. The terms about time are borrowed from English, as Hwnic time is expressed in a different way, but Hwnic is open to incorporating foreign words into its vocabulary and mixing foreign and native words. An example would be ''[[Contionary:elaurminitseknd\|elaurminitseknd]]''.

	== Example texts ==		== Example texts ==

SN2rname: /* Syntax */

2025-02-06T09:43:29Z

Syntax

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:43, 6 February 2025
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	=== Constituent order ===		=== Constituent order ===
	Word order is SOV, although sentences frequently appear as OV due to pro-drop, or SV due ~~the~~ object and verb coming together to form a compound. ~~A few constructs have~~ a VSO ~~form~~.		Word order is SOV, although sentences frequently appear as OV due to pro-drop, or SV due object that is an indefinite noun phrase and the verb coming together to form a compound. Some words trigger a reordering of the sentence into VSO. Negation of multiple elements is most likely to cause this, followed by topic and focus on the topic, some temporal relationships ("before"), and verbs in reduplicated forms.

	=== Noun phrase ===		=== Noun phrase ===

	=== Verb phrase ===		=== Verb phrase ===
	There are transitive and intransitive verbs, but linking verbs are formed with attaching either -''tni'' "to become" or -''sdi'' "to remain" to an adjective. Transitive verbs can be used without an object, where the object of that verb is seen aa (null), with a number of possible interpretations. Intransitive verbs usually cannot be used with an object (unless in a different sense with a transitive meaning).		There are transitive and intransitive verbs, but linking verbs are formed with attaching either -''tni'' "to become" or -''sdi'' "to remain" to an adjective. Transitive verbs can be used without an object, where the object of that verb is seen aa (null), with a number of possible interpretations. Intransitive verbs usually cannot be used with an object (unless the word is used in a different sense with a transitive meaning).

	=== Dependent clause ===		=== Dependent clause ===

SN2rname: /* Syntax */

2025-02-06T09:29:15Z

Syntax

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:29, 6 February 2025
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	=== Constituent order ===		=== Constituent order ===
			Word order is SOV, although sentences frequently appear as OV due to pro-drop, or SV due the object and verb coming together to form a compound. A few constructs have a VSO form.

	=== Noun phrase ===		=== Noun phrase ===

	=== Verb phrase ===		=== Verb phrase ===
			There are transitive and intransitive verbs, but linking verbs are formed with attaching either -''tni'' "to become" or -''sdi'' "to remain" to an adjective. Transitive verbs can be used without an object, where the object of that verb is seen aa (null), with a number of possible interpretations. Intransitive verbs usually cannot be used with an object (unless in a different sense with a transitive meaning).

	=== Dependent clause ===		=== Dependent clause ===