Kelt - Revision history

Psammead: /* Swadesh List */

2024-10-25T14:16:13Z

Swadesh List

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:16, 25 October 2024
Line 835:		Line 835:
	\|narrow = luśuk		\|narrow = luśuk
	\|thin = tśiqiy		\|thin = tśiqiy
	\|woman = ~~fak (o.)~~		\|woman = fakah
	\|man (adult male) = ~~put (m.)~~		\|man (adult male) = putek
	\|man (human being) = ~~fak (m.)~~		\|man (human being) = fakek
	\|child = ~~hatal (o.)~~		\|child = hatalah
	\|wife = ~~maral (o.)~~		\|wife = maralah
	\|husband = ~~maral (m).~~		\|husband = maralek
	\|mother = aana ~~(o.)~~		\|mother = aana
	\|father = aapa ~~(m.)~~		\|father = aapa
	\|animal = ~~takar (o.)~~		\|animal = takarah
	\|fish = ~~kayat (m.~~, ~~o.)~~		\|fish = kayatek, kayatah
	\|bird = ~~hanan (m., o.)~~		\|bird = hananah
	\|dog = ~~nuuk (m.~~, ~~o.)~~		\|dog = nuukah, nuukek
	\|louse = ~~tseek (o.)~~		\|louse = tseekah
	\|snake = ~~yiik (m.)~~		\|snake = yiikek
	\|worm = ~~nurul (m.)~~		\|worm = nurulah
	\|tree = ~~tekeh (m.)~~		\|tree = tekehek, tekehah
	\|forest = ~~tekehul (o.)~~, ~~qeeh (o.)~~		\|forest = tekehulah, qeehah
	\|stick = ~~laraq (m.)~~		\|stick = laraqek
	\|fruit = ~~muruq (o.)~~		\|fruit = muruqah
	\|seed = ~~muk (o.)~~		\|seed = mukah
	\|leaf = ~~peten (o.)~~		\|leaf = petenah
	\|root = ~~tśuqun (o.)~~		\|root = tśuqunah
	\|bark = ~~kumal (o.)~~		\|bark = kumalah
	\|flower = ~~tśawal (o.)~~		\|flower = tśawalah
	\|grass = ~~tray (o.)~~		\|grass = trayah
	\|rope = ~~petsenna (o.)~~		\|rope = petsennaah
	\|skin = ~~heet (o.)~~		\|skin = heetah
	\|meat = ~~tśup (o.)~~		\|meat = tśupah
	\|blood = ~~rakal (o.)~~		\|blood = rakalah
	\|bone = ~~kulan (o.)~~		\|bone = kulanah
	\|fat = ~~qetśey (o.)~~		\|fat = qetśeyah
	\|egg = ~~humut (o.)~~		\|egg = humutah
	\|horn = ~~yeets (o.)~~		\|horn = yeetsah
	\|tail = ~~senep (o.)~~		\|tail = senepah
	\|feather = ~~srik (o.)~~		\|feather = srikah
	\|hair = ~~raak (o.)~~, ~~kurun (o.)~~		\|hair = raakah, kurunah
	\|head = ~~falat (o.)~~		\|head = falatah
	\|ear = ~~nakam (o.)~~		\|ear = nakamah
	\|eye = ~~heen (o.)~~		\|eye = heenah
	\|nose = ~~yalas (o.)~~		\|nose = yalasah
	\|mouth = ~~keqet (o.)~~		\|mouth = keqetah
	\|tooth = ~~sef (o.)~~		\|tooth = sefah
	\|tongue = ~~kel (m.)~~		\|tongue = kelek
	\|fingernail =		\|fingernail =
	\|foot = ~~waal (o.)~~		\|foot = waalah
	\|leg = ~~tip (o.)~~		\|leg = tipah
	\|knee = ~~fitsiy (o.)~~		\|knee = fitsiyah
	\|hand = ~~kun (o.)~~		\|hand = kunah
	\|wing = ~~katsaf (o.)~~		\|wing = katsafah
	\|belly = ~~tak (o.)~~		\|belly = takah
	\|guts =		\|guts =
	\|neck = ~~sanal (o.)~~		\|neck = sanalah
	\|back = ~~ken (o.)~~		\|back = kenah
	\|breast = ~~payak (o.)~~, ~~tasatś (o.)~~		\|breast = payakah, tasatśah
	\|heart = ~~watsak (o.)~~		\|heart = watsakah
	\|liver = ~~tśewek (o.)~~		\|liver = tśewekah
	\|drink = meer		\|drink = meer
	\|eat = kal		\|eat = kal
Line 1,006:		Line 1,006:
	\|if =		\|if =
	\|because =		\|because =
	\|name = ~~fakar~~		\|name = fakarah
	\|languagecount = 1}}		\|languagecount = 1}}

Psammead at 13:53, 25 October 2024

2024-10-25T13:53:31Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:53, 25 October 2024
Line 768:		Line 768:

	==Vocabulary==		==Vocabulary==
			[[Kelt/Vocabulary\|Vocabulary]]

	* '''EEN''' ''v.'' see		* '''EEN''' ''v.'' see
	** '''een_tsa''' ''v.'' show		** '''een_tsa''' ''v.'' show
Line 796:		Line 798:

	===Swadesh List===		===Swadesh List===
	~~==Vocabulary==~~
	{{swadesh		{{swadesh
	\|language = Kelt		\|language = Kelt

Psammead: /* Vocabulary */

2024-10-25T12:36:10Z

Vocabulary

Show changes

Psammead at 11:35, 25 October 2024

2024-10-25T11:35:00Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:35, 25 October 2024
Line 102:		Line 102:

	'''Kelt''' is the extinct native language of the island of Jacques (''Tśak''), believed to have been a language isolate. Relatively little is known of the language; there are few written survivals and the primary source of information is through its impact on the language of Pulqer, which replaced it. ''Kelt'' is the name of the language in Pulqer, it is thought to have been called ''Keltah'' by its speakers.		'''Kelt''' is the extinct native language of the island of Jacques (''Tśak''), believed to have been a language isolate. Relatively little is known of the language; there are few written survivals and the primary source of information is through its impact on the language of Pulqer, which replaced it. ''Kelt'' is the name of the language in Pulqer, it is thought to have been called ''Keltah'' by its speakers.

			==History==
			===Internal===
			Prior to the arrival of the Pulqer on Jacques, the island was inhabited by various tribes described by the new arrivals: primarily the ''Khrapnathi'' and ''Lakhaśqraelithi'' (''Qraalakaśaqralitti'') in the north east, the ''Laphakhraelithi'' (''Qraalapakqralitti'') and ''Paekhi'' (''Qraapak'') in the south east, the ''Urumuaeli'' (''Qraahurumwaal'') in the southern forests and the ''Baerqhalue'' (''Qraabaarqalwah'')

	==Phonology==		==Phonology==
Line 500:		Line 504:
	\|}		\|}

	Nouns are not marked for case (syntax is used to indicate the function of the noun), but the genitive construction is formed by adding the suffix ''-i'' to the possessed noun in the absolute state followed by the possessor in the relevant state, e.g. ''nuukaahi qeput'' "the man's dogs", ''qralahi qafaks'' "the woman's house", ''palatiiki ~~selekittiik~~'' "hunters' spears".		Nouns are not marked for case (syntax is used to indicate the function of the noun), but the genitive construction is formed by adding the suffix ''-i'' to the possessed noun in the absolute state followed by the possessor in the relevant state, e.g. ''nuukaahi qeput'' "the man's dogs", ''qralahi qafaks'' "the woman's house", ''palatiiki selikittiik'' "hunters' spears".

	====Demonstrative Prefixes====		====Demonstrative Prefixes====
Line 728:		Line 732:
	Basic word order is SVO. Where the subject and/or object are pronouns, they are expressed with prefixes so that a single verb may be an entire sentence, e.g. ''kilupiini'' "I love you", ''siwutanya'' "he will kill them".		Basic word order is SVO. Where the subject and/or object are pronouns, they are expressed with prefixes so that a single verb may be an entire sentence, e.g. ''kilupiini'' "I love you", ''siwutanya'' "he will kill them".

	Arguments formed of a noun or noun phrase are placed before or after the conjugated verb, which must include the relevant prefixes agreeing in gender and number with the argument, e.g. ''qeput sihupiini fakah'' "the man loves a woman", ''~~qeselek~~ siwutanya qiitruts'' "the hunter will kill the boars".		Arguments formed of a noun or noun phrase are placed before or after the conjugated verb, which must include the relevant prefixes agreeing in gender and number with the argument, e.g. ''qeput sihupiini fakah'' "the man loves a woman", ''qeselik siwutanya qiitruts'' "the hunter will kill the boars".

	Indirect objects are placed before or after the main SVO structure, usually preceded by a preposition, e.g. ''tihurawamen fal kat'' "you gave it to me", ''ipa palatiik wisutanamen'' "they killed him with spears". Indirect objects of a causative verb (i.e. the semantic object of the original verb) always come after the verb, e.g. ''kisuneenitsa qaqral'' "I made him see the house, I showed him the house).		Indirect objects are placed before or after the main SVO structure, usually preceded by a preposition, e.g. ''tihurawamen fal kat'' "you gave it to me", ''ipa palatiik wisutanamen'' "they killed him with spears". Indirect objects of a causative verb (i.e. the semantic object of the original verb) always come after the verb, e.g. ''kisuneenitsa qaqral'' "I made him see the house, I showed him the house).
Line 753:		Line 757:
	* Noun + Noun compounds usually create a subtype of the head noun, e.g. ''laan'' "breath" + ''qal'' "wind" = ''laanqalah'' "breeze", ''tśitel'' "demon" + ''hel'' "fire" = ''tśitselhelah'' "wild-fire". In some cases there may be a genitive relationship between the two elements, e.g. ''kayat'' "fish" + ''palat'' "spear" = ''kayatpalateh'' "fish-spear, harpoon", ''tur'' "god" + ''qral'' "house" = ''turqralah'' "temple". Usually the compound will follow the gender of the head noun, but semantics may dictate otherwise.		* Noun + Noun compounds usually create a subtype of the head noun, e.g. ''laan'' "breath" + ''qal'' "wind" = ''laanqalah'' "breeze", ''tśitel'' "demon" + ''hel'' "fire" = ''tśitselhelah'' "wild-fire". In some cases there may be a genitive relationship between the two elements, e.g. ''kayat'' "fish" + ''palat'' "spear" = ''kayatpalateh'' "fish-spear, harpoon", ''tur'' "god" + ''qral'' "house" = ''turqralah'' "temple". Usually the compound will follow the gender of the head noun, but semantics may dictate otherwise.
	* Adjective + Noun compounds also form a subtype of the noun, e.g. ''suup'' "large" + ''qral'' "house" = ''suupqralah'' "mansion, palace",		* Adjective + Noun compounds also form a subtype of the noun, e.g. ''suup'' "large" + ''qral'' "house" = ''suupqralah'' "mansion, palace",
	* Verb + Noun compounds form a subtype of the noun that carries out that verb either as the agent or as an instrument, e.g. ''~~selek~~'' "hunt" + ''nuuk'' "dog" = ''~~seleknuukah~~'' "hound".		* Verb + Noun compounds form a subtype of the noun that carries out that verb either as the agent or as an instrument, e.g. ''selik'' "hunt" + ''nuuk'' "dog" = ''seliknuukah'' "hound".

	Adjective compounds consist of a head word preceded by a qualifying noun or adjective:		Adjective compounds consist of a head word preceded by a qualifying noun or adjective:
Line 782:		Line 786:
	* '''QRAL''' ''no.'' house, dwelling, building used for a specific purpose • ''v.'' dwell, live		* '''QRAL''' ''no.'' house, dwelling, building used for a specific purpose • ''v.'' dwell, live
	* '''RAWA''' ''no.'' gift • ''v.'' give		* '''RAWA''' ''no.'' gift • ''v.'' give
	* '''~~SELEK~~''' ''no.'' quarry, prey • ''v.'' hunt, chase''		* '''SELIK''' ''no.'' quarry, prey • ''v.'' hunt, chase''
	** '''~~selekitti~~''' ''nm.'' hunter		** '''selikitti''' ''nm.'' hunter
	* '''SIL''' ''no.'' rain • ''v.'' rain		* '''SIL''' ''no.'' rain • ''v.'' rain
	* '''SUNTS''' ''no.'' sleep • ''v.'' sleep		* '''SUNTS''' ''no.'' sleep • ''v.'' sleep
Line 907:		Line 911:
	\|kill = tan		\|kill = tan
	\|fight =		\|fight =
	\|hunt = ~~selek~~		\|hunt = selik
	\|hit =		\|hit =
	\|cut =		\|cut =

Psammead at 11:20, 25 October 2024

2024-10-25T11:20:35Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:20, 25 October 2024
Line 500:		Line 500:
	\|}		\|}

	Nouns are not marked for case (syntax is used to indicate the function of the noun), but the genitive construction is formed by adding the suffix ''-i'' to the possessed noun in the absolute state followed by the possessor in the relevant state, e.g. ''nuukaahi qeput'' "the man's dogs", ''qralahi qafaks'' "the woman's house", ''palatiiki ~~selikittiik~~'' "hunters' spears".		Nouns are not marked for case (syntax is used to indicate the function of the noun), but the genitive construction is formed by adding the suffix ''-i'' to the possessed noun in the absolute state followed by the possessor in the relevant state, e.g. ''nuukaahi qeput'' "the man's dogs", ''qralahi qafaks'' "the woman's house", ''palatiiki selekittiik'' "hunters' spears".

	====Demonstrative Prefixes====		====Demonstrative Prefixes====
Line 728:		Line 728:
	Basic word order is SVO. Where the subject and/or object are pronouns, they are expressed with prefixes so that a single verb may be an entire sentence, e.g. ''kilupiini'' "I love you", ''siwutanya'' "he will kill them".		Basic word order is SVO. Where the subject and/or object are pronouns, they are expressed with prefixes so that a single verb may be an entire sentence, e.g. ''kilupiini'' "I love you", ''siwutanya'' "he will kill them".

	Arguments formed of a noun or noun phrase are placed before or after the conjugated verb, which must include the relevant prefixes agreeing in gender and number with the argument, e.g. ''qeput sihupiini fakah'' "the man loves a woman", ''~~qeselik~~ siwutanya qiitruts'' "the hunter will kill the boars".		Arguments formed of a noun or noun phrase are placed before or after the conjugated verb, which must include the relevant prefixes agreeing in gender and number with the argument, e.g. ''qeput sihupiini fakah'' "the man loves a woman", ''qeselek siwutanya qiitruts'' "the hunter will kill the boars".

	Indirect objects are placed before or after the main SVO structure, usually preceded by a preposition, e.g. ''tihurawamen fal kat'' "you gave it to me", ''ipa palatiik wisutanamen'' "they killed him with spears". Indirect objects of a causative verb (i.e. the semantic object of the original verb) always come after the verb, e.g. ''kisuneenitsa qaqral'' "I made him see the house, I showed him the house).		Indirect objects are placed before or after the main SVO structure, usually preceded by a preposition, e.g. ''tihurawamen fal kat'' "you gave it to me", ''ipa palatiik wisutanamen'' "they killed him with spears". Indirect objects of a causative verb (i.e. the semantic object of the original verb) always come after the verb, e.g. ''kisuneenitsa qaqral'' "I made him see the house, I showed him the house).
Line 753:		Line 753:
	* Noun + Noun compounds usually create a subtype of the head noun, e.g. ''laan'' "breath" + ''qal'' "wind" = ''laanqalah'' "breeze", ''tśitel'' "demon" + ''hel'' "fire" = ''tśitselhelah'' "wild-fire". In some cases there may be a genitive relationship between the two elements, e.g. ''kayat'' "fish" + ''palat'' "spear" = ''kayatpalateh'' "fish-spear, harpoon", ''tur'' "god" + ''qral'' "house" = ''turqralah'' "temple". Usually the compound will follow the gender of the head noun, but semantics may dictate otherwise.		* Noun + Noun compounds usually create a subtype of the head noun, e.g. ''laan'' "breath" + ''qal'' "wind" = ''laanqalah'' "breeze", ''tśitel'' "demon" + ''hel'' "fire" = ''tśitselhelah'' "wild-fire". In some cases there may be a genitive relationship between the two elements, e.g. ''kayat'' "fish" + ''palat'' "spear" = ''kayatpalateh'' "fish-spear, harpoon", ''tur'' "god" + ''qral'' "house" = ''turqralah'' "temple". Usually the compound will follow the gender of the head noun, but semantics may dictate otherwise.
	* Adjective + Noun compounds also form a subtype of the noun, e.g. ''suup'' "large" + ''qral'' "house" = ''suupqralah'' "mansion, palace",		* Adjective + Noun compounds also form a subtype of the noun, e.g. ''suup'' "large" + ''qral'' "house" = ''suupqralah'' "mansion, palace",
	* Verb + Noun compounds form a subtype of the noun that carries out that verb either as the agent or as an instrument, e.g. ''~~selik~~'' "hunt" + ''nuuk'' "dog" = ''~~seliknuukah~~'' "hound".		* Verb + Noun compounds form a subtype of the noun that carries out that verb either as the agent or as an instrument, e.g. ''selek'' "hunt" + ''nuuk'' "dog" = ''seleknuukah'' "hound".

	Adjective compounds consist of a head word preceded by a qualifying noun or adjective:		Adjective compounds consist of a head word preceded by a qualifying noun or adjective:
Line 782:		Line 782:
	* '''QRAL''' ''no.'' house, dwelling, building used for a specific purpose • ''v.'' dwell, live		* '''QRAL''' ''no.'' house, dwelling, building used for a specific purpose • ''v.'' dwell, live
	* '''RAWA''' ''no.'' gift • ''v.'' give		* '''RAWA''' ''no.'' gift • ''v.'' give
	* '''~~SELIK~~''' ''no.'' quarry, prey • ''v.'' hunt, chase''		* '''SELEK''' ''no.'' quarry, prey • ''v.'' hunt, chase''
	** '''~~selikitti~~''' ''nm.'' hunter		** '''selekitti''' ''nm.'' hunter
	* '''SIL''' ''no.'' rain • ''v.'' rain		* '''SIL''' ''no.'' rain • ''v.'' rain
	* '''SUNTS''' ''no.'' sleep • ''v.'' sleep		* '''SUNTS''' ''no.'' sleep • ''v.'' sleep
Line 907:		Line 907:
	\|kill = tan		\|kill = tan
	\|fight =		\|fight =
	\|hunt = ~~selik~~		\|hunt = selek
	\|hit =		\|hit =
	\|cut =		\|cut =

Psammead at 10:52, 24 October 2024

2024-10-24T10:52:13Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:52, 24 October 2024
Line 1:		Line 1:
			{{Infobox language
			\| name = Kelt
			\| altname =
			\| nativename = Keltah
			\| acceptance =
			\| image =
			\| imagescale =
			\| imagealt =
			\| imagecaption =
			\| pronunciation = /kɛlt/
			\| states = Jacques (''Tśak'')
			\| region =
			\| creator = Neil Whalley
			\| created = 2021
			\| setting =
			\| ethnicity =
			\| extinct = c. AD 800
			\| era =
			\| speakers =
			\| date =
			\| dateprefix =
			\| ref = <!-- up to e26 (or current edition) if reference is Ethnologue -->
			\| refname =
			\| speakers2 =
			\| revived =
			\| revived-category = <!-- or revived-cat -->
			\| familycolor = Isolate
			\| family = Isolate
			\| fam1 =
			\| fam2 =
			\| fam3 = <!-- up to fam15 -->
			\| protoname =
			\| ancestor =
			\| ancestor2 = <!-- up to ancestor8 -->
			\| standards =
			\| stand1 =
			\| stand2 = <!-- up to stand6 -->
			\| dialects =
			\| listclass =
			\| dia1 =
			\| dia2 = <!-- up to dia20 -->
			\| script = Latn
			\| sign =
			\| posteriori =
			\| nation =
			\| minority =
			\| agency =
			\| development_body =
			\| iso1 =
			\| iso1comment =
			\| iso2 =
			\| iso2b =
			\| iso2t =
			\| iso2comment =
			\| iso3 = qkk
			\| iso3comment =
			\| lc1 =
			\| ld1 =
			\| lc2 = <!-- up to lc30 -->
			\| ld2 = <!-- up to ld30 -->
			\| iso6 =
			\| isoexception =
			\| linglist =
			\| lingname =
			\| linglist2 = <!-- up to linglist6 -->
			\| lingname2 = <!-- up to lingname6 -->
			\| glotto =
			\| glottorefname =
			\| glotto2 = <!-- up to glotto5 -->
			\| glottorefname2 = <!-- up to glottorefname5 -->
			\| aiatsis =
			\| aiatsisname =
			\| aiatsis2 = <!-- up to aiatsis6 -->
			\| aiatsisname2 = <!-- up to aiatsisname6 -->
			\| guthrie =
			\| ELP =
			\| ELPname =
			\| ELP2 = <!-- up to ELP6 -->
			\| ELPname2 = <!-- up to ELPname6 -->
			\| glottopedia =
			\| lingua =
			\| lingua_ref =
			\| ietf =
			\| map =
			\| mapscale =
			\| mapalt =
			\| mapcaption =
			\| map2 =
			\| mapalt2 =
			\| mapcaption2 =
			\| pushpin_map =
			\| pushpin_image =
			\| pushpin_map_alt =
			\| pushpin_map_caption =
			\| pushpin_mapsize =
			\| pushpin_label =
			\| pushpin_label_position =
			\| coordinates = <!-- use {{Coord}} -->
			\| module =
			\| notice = IPA
			}}

	'''Kelt''' is the extinct native language of the island of Jacques (''Tśak''), believed to have been a language isolate. Relatively little is known of the language; there are few written survivals and the primary source of information is through its impact on the language of Pulqer, which replaced it. ''Kelt'' is the name of the language in Pulqer, it is thought to have been called ''Keltah'' by its speakers.		'''Kelt''' is the extinct native language of the island of Jacques (''Tśak''), believed to have been a language isolate. Relatively little is known of the language; there are few written survivals and the primary source of information is through its impact on the language of Pulqer, which replaced it. ''Kelt'' is the name of the language in Pulqer, it is thought to have been called ''Keltah'' by its speakers.

Psammead: /* Cardinal */

2021-09-01T08:51:13Z

Cardinal

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:51, 1 September 2021
Line 516:		Line 516:
	\|-		\|-
	! width="25px;" \| 2		! width="25px;" \| 2
	\| width="100px;" \| ''~~ģak~~''		\| width="100px;" \| ''tśak''
	! width="25px;" \| 7		! width="25px;" \| 7
	\| width="100px;" \| ''~~masģak~~''		\| width="100px;" \| ''mastśak''
	! width="25px;" \| 12		! width="25px;" \| 12
	\| width="100px;" \|'' ~~tulģak~~''		\| width="100px;" \|'' tultśak''
	! width="25px;" \| 17		! width="25px;" \| 17
	\| width="100px;" \| ''~~petģak~~''		\| width="100px;" \| ''pettśak''
	\|-		\|-
	! width="25px;" \| 3		! width="25px;" \| 3
Line 557:		Line 557:
	\|-		\|-
	! width="25px;" \| 40		! width="25px;" \| 40
	\| width="100px;" \| ''~~ģaksel~~''		\| width="100px;" \| ''tśaksel''
	! width="25px;" \| 60		! width="25px;" \| 60
	\| width="100px;" \| ''fapsel''		\| width="100px;" \| ''fapsel''
Line 568:		Line 568:
	''Yan'' "100" is the highest unique numeral. Above this, tens and units follow after the conjunctive particle ''i'', e.g. ''yan i wan'' "101", ''yan i waksel-tulfap'' "193".		''Yan'' "100" is the highest unique numeral. Above this, tens and units follow after the conjunctive particle ''i'', e.g. ''yan i wan'' "101", ''yan i waksel-tulfap'' "193".

	Multiples of 100 are formed like multiples of 20 but continue beyond "4x", e.g. ''~~ģakyan~~'' "200", ''fapyan'' "300", ''maswanyan'' "600", ''tulyan'' "1,000", ''petyan'' "1,500", ''selyan'' "2,000".		Multiples of 100 are formed like multiples of 20 but continue beyond "4x", e.g. ''tśakyan'' "200", ''fapyan'' "300", ''maswanyan'' "600", ''tulyan'' "1,000", ''petyan'' "1,500", ''selyan'' "2,000".

	Higher numbers (above 100) are rarely attested; the system for counting above 2,000 is unknown and may not have existed. The word ''hatmara'' occurs in some contexts and appears to have originally meant "a great number" but may have been used in later Kelt to translate Latin ''milia'' "thousand".		Higher numbers (above 100) are rarely attested; the system for counting above 2,000 is unknown and may not have existed. The word ''hatmara'' occurs in some contexts and appears to have originally meant "a great number" but may have been used in later Kelt to translate Latin ''milia'' "thousand".

Psammead: /* Phonotactics */

2021-06-16T06:29:13Z

Phonotactics

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:29, 16 June 2021
Line 93:		Line 93:
	Roots may consist of any of the following structures:		Roots may consist of any of the following structures:
	:: CVC		:: CVC
	:: ~~CVVC (in which VV is a geminate consonant)~~		:: CV<sup>1</sup>V<sup>1</sup>C
	:: C''r''VC		:: C''r''VC
	:: ~~CVCVC~~		:: CV<sup>1</sup>CV<sup>1</sup>C

	Prefixes usually end in a vowel though a few consonant-final prefixes do occur. Suffixes frequently begin with consonants, creating consonant clusters across morpheme boundaries.		Prefixes usually end in a vowel though a few consonant-final prefixes do occur. Suffixes frequently begin with consonants, creating consonant clusters across morpheme boundaries.
Line 101:		Line 101:
	The maximal structure for a syllable is therefore C''r''VCC or CVVCC (e.g. ''heent'' "vision, view").		The maximal structure for a syllable is therefore C''r''VCC or CVVCC (e.g. ''heent'' "vision, view").

	:: '''Note:''' it has been proposed that, historically, Kelt roots were limited to CVC structure but that these syllables could be augmented with prefixed consonants plus the main vowel repeated. Evidence for this comes from the relationship between certain CVC roots and longer roots, e.g. ''palat'' "spear" seems to be an ancient derivative of ''lat'' "thrust, pierce", ''hatal'' "child" looks to be from ''tal'' "raise, nourish". In this way, initial CVC roots gave rise to CVCVC roots and, either directly or through a later process of elision, to C''r''VC roots. The meaning of these consonant prefixes is not understood. CVVC roots are also thought to have developed in the same way from earlier CVC roots with a now lost initial consonant, ~~perhaps a glottal stop ('' ' '') or~~ ''h'' (later ''h'' being a reduced form of /x/). Thus ''han'' or ~~'''an''~~ yielded ''*lahan~~/la'an~~'' then ''laan''.		:: '''Note:''' it has been proposed that, historically, Kelt roots were limited to CVC structure but that these syllables could be augmented with prefixed consonants plus the main vowel repeated. Evidence for this comes from the relationship between certain CVC roots and longer roots, e.g. ''palat'' "spear" seems to be an ancient derivative of ''lat'' "thrust, pierce", ''hatal'' "child" looks to be from ''tal'' "raise, nourish". In this way, initial CVC roots gave rise to CVCVC roots and, either directly or through a later process of elision, to C''r''VC roots. The meaning of these consonant prefixes is not understood. CVVC roots are also thought to have developed in the same way from earlier CVC roots with a now lost initial consonant, probably ''h'' (later ''h'' being a reduced form of /x/). Thus eKelt ''han'' or yielded ''lahan'' then ''laan''.

	===Stress===		===Stress===

Psammead: /* Phonotactics */

2021-06-15T19:42:40Z

Phonotactics

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:42, 15 June 2021
Line 100:		Line 100:

	The maximal structure for a syllable is therefore C''r''VCC or CVVCC (e.g. ''heent'' "vision, view").		The maximal structure for a syllable is therefore C''r''VCC or CVVCC (e.g. ''heent'' "vision, view").

			:: '''Note:''' it has been proposed that, historically, Kelt roots were limited to CVC structure but that these syllables could be augmented with prefixed consonants plus the main vowel repeated. Evidence for this comes from the relationship between certain CVC roots and longer roots, e.g. ''palat'' "spear" seems to be an ancient derivative of ''lat'' "thrust, pierce", ''hatal'' "child" looks to be from ''tal'' "raise, nourish". In this way, initial CVC roots gave rise to CVCVC roots and, either directly or through a later process of elision, to C''r''VC roots. The meaning of these consonant prefixes is not understood. CVVC roots are also thought to have developed in the same way from earlier CVC roots with a now lost initial consonant, perhaps a glottal stop ('' ' '') or ''h'' (later ''h'' being a reduced form of /x/). Thus ''han'' or '''an'' yielded ''*lahan/la'an'' then ''laan''.

	===Stress===		===Stress===

Psammead: Created page with "'''Kelt''' is the extinct native language of the island of Jacques (''Tśak''), believed to have been a language isolate. Relatively little is known of the language; there are..."

2021-04-11T09:36:16Z

Created page with "'''Kelt''' is the extinct native language of the island of Jacques (''Tśak''), believed to have been a language isolate. Relatively little is known of the language; there are..."

Show changes

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:51, 1 September 2021
Line 516:		Line 516:
	\|-		\|-
	! width="25px;" \| 2		! width="25px;" \| 2
	\| width="100px;" \| ''~~ģak~~''		\| width="100px;" \| ''tśak''
	! width="25px;" \| 7		! width="25px;" \| 7
	\| width="100px;" \| ''~~masģak~~''		\| width="100px;" \| ''mastśak''
	! width="25px;" \| 12		! width="25px;" \| 12
	\| width="100px;" \|'' ~~tulģak~~''		\| width="100px;" \|'' tultśak''
	! width="25px;" \| 17		! width="25px;" \| 17
	\| width="100px;" \| ''~~petģak~~''		\| width="100px;" \| ''pettśak''
	\|-		\|-
	! width="25px;" \| 3		! width="25px;" \| 3
Line 557:		Line 557:
	\|-		\|-
	! width="25px;" \| 40		! width="25px;" \| 40
	\| width="100px;" \| ''~~ģaksel~~''		\| width="100px;" \| ''tśaksel''
	! width="25px;" \| 60		! width="25px;" \| 60
	\| width="100px;" \| ''fapsel''		\| width="100px;" \| ''fapsel''
Line 568:		Line 568:
	''Yan'' "100" is the highest unique numeral. Above this, tens and units follow after the conjunctive particle ''i'', e.g. ''yan i wan'' "101", ''yan i waksel-tulfap'' "193".		''Yan'' "100" is the highest unique numeral. Above this, tens and units follow after the conjunctive particle ''i'', e.g. ''yan i wan'' "101", ''yan i waksel-tulfap'' "193".

	Multiples of 100 are formed like multiples of 20 but continue beyond "4x", e.g. ''~~ģakyan~~'' "200", ''fapyan'' "300", ''maswanyan'' "600", ''tulyan'' "1,000", ''petyan'' "1,500", ''selyan'' "2,000".		Multiples of 100 are formed like multiples of 20 but continue beyond "4x", e.g. ''tśakyan'' "200", ''fapyan'' "300", ''maswanyan'' "600", ''tulyan'' "1,000", ''petyan'' "1,500", ''selyan'' "2,000".

	Higher numbers (above 100) are rarely attested; the system for counting above 2,000 is unknown and may not have existed. The word ''hatmara'' occurs in some contexts and appears to have originally meant "a great number" but may have been used in later Kelt to translate Latin ''milia'' "thousand".		Higher numbers (above 100) are rarely attested; the system for counting above 2,000 is unknown and may not have existed. The word ''hatmara'' occurs in some contexts and appears to have originally meant "a great number" but may have been used in later Kelt to translate Latin ''milia'' "thousand".