Lällshag - Revision history

Sware: Updated infobox

2021-08-18T16:07:15Z

Updated infobox

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:07, 18 August 2021
Line 2:		Line 2:
	\|name = Lällshag		\|name = Lällshag
	\|nativename = lällshagune hałyjeg		\|nativename = lällshagune hałyjeg
	\|pronunciation = [lɛʎˈɕaŋ]<br/>[lɛʎˈɕaŋyne gaˈwiːjeŋ]		\|pronunciation = lɛʎˈɕaŋ]<br/>[lɛʎˈɕaŋyne gaˈwiːjeŋ
	\|region = around the middle and lower course of the Nīmbaṇḍhāra river		\|region = around the middle and lower course of the Nīmbaṇḍhāra river
	\|ethnicity = Lällshag people		\|ethnicity = Lällshag people
Line 9:		Line 9:
	\|setting = [[Verse:Calémere\|Calémere]]		\|setting = [[Verse:Calémere\|Calémere]]
	\|familycolor = Language isolate		\|familycolor = Language isolate
	~~\|family = Isolate~~		\|creator = User:Lili21
	\|creator = [[User:Lili21~~\|Lili21]]~~
	\|created = Nov 2017		\|created = Nov 2017
	\|~~script~~ = Lällshag script		\|scripts = * Lällshag script
	}}		}}

Lili21: /* Numerals */

2018-09-07T22:47:49Z

Numerals

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:47, 7 September 2018
Line 105:		Line 105:
	# ''shide''		# ''shide''
	# ''abare''		# ''abare''
	Units inside tens were made with the formula [unit]''se'' [ten], e.g. ''månse abare'' 11, ''jounese abare'' 12, and so on. 20 was ''joupa'', 30 ''llaseba'', and the other tens were regularly formed by juxtaposition, e.g. ''ałanabare'' 40, ''månse ałanabare'' 41, ''tambabare'' 50, ''chironabare'' 60, ''tollägabare'' 70, ''näywinabare'' 80, ''shidabare'' 90. The probable word for "hundred" was ''solita'', but it was also used to specify rough but large quantities.		Units inside tens were made with the formula [unit]''se'' [ten], e.g. ''månse abare'' 11, ''jounese abare'' 12, and so on. 20 was ''joupa'', 30 ''llaseba'', and the other tens were regularly formed by juxtaposition, e.g. ''ałanabare'' 40, ''månse ałanabare'' 41, ''tambabare'' 50, ''chironabare'' 60, ''tollägabare'' 70, ''näywinabare'' 80, ''shidabare'' 90. The probable word for "hundred" was ''solita'', but it was also used to specify rough but large quantities.

	==Syntax==		==Syntax==

Lili21: /* Numerals */

2018-09-07T22:46:45Z

Numerals

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:46, 7 September 2018
Line 105:		Line 105:
	# ''shide''		# ''shide''
	# ''abare''		# ''abare''
			Units inside tens were made with the formula [unit]''se'' [ten], e.g. ''månse abare'' 11, ''jounese abare'' 12, and so on. 20 was ''joupa'', 30 ''llaseba'', and the other tens were regularly formed by juxtaposition, e.g. ''ałanabare'' 40, ''månse ałanabare'' 41, ''tambabare'' 50, ''chironabare'' 60, ''tollägabare'' 70, ''näywinabare'' 80, ''shidabare'' 90. The probable word for "hundred" was ''solita'', but it was also used to specify rough but large quantities.

	==Syntax==		==Syntax==

Lili21: /* Morphology */

2018-09-07T22:41:45Z

Morphology

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:41, 7 September 2018
Line 92:		Line 92:

	===Verbs===		===Verbs===

			===Numerals===
			Lällshag had a decimal numeral system:
			# ''mån''
			# ''joune''
			# ''llashi''
			# ''ałane''
			# ''tambu''
			# ''chirona''
			# ''tolläg''
			# ''näywin''
			# ''shide''
			# ''abare''

	==Syntax==		==Syntax==

Lili21 at 16:43, 12 August 2018

2018-08-12T16:43:31Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:43, 12 August 2018
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	'''Lällshag''', or the ''Lällshag language'' (''lällshagune hałyjeg'' [lɛʎˈɕaŋ], [lɛʎˈɕaŋyne gaˈwiːjeŋ], also known by its Chlouvānem name ''lælšaṃrān dhāḍa'') was a [[Verse:Calémere\|Calemerian language]] spoken in the late 4th-early 5th millennium of the Lällshag (later known as Chlouvānem) calendar by the middle and lower course of the Nīmbaṇḍhāra river (Läll.: ''käyna Watsunogy''), a territory centered on one of the earliest cities of any Calemerian civilization, ''Łahikunanäé'' (today known as ''Laikunanǣh''). Lällshag is considered to be a language isolate, as no other related language has ever been documented or survived to the present day.		'''Lällshag''', or the ''Lällshag language'' (''lällshagune hałyjeg'' [lɛʎˈɕaŋ], [lɛʎˈɕaŋyne gaˈwiːjeŋ], also known by its Chlouvānem name ''lælšaṃrān dhāḍa'') was a [[Verse:Calémere\|Calemerian language]] spoken in the late 4th-early 5th millennium of the Lällshag (later known as Chlouvānem) calendar by the middle and lower course of the Nīmbaṇḍhāra river (Läll.: ''käyna Watsunogy''), a territory centered on one of the earliest cities of any Calemerian civilization, ''Łahikunanäé'' (today known as ''Laikunanǣh''). Lällshag is considered to be a language isolate, as no other related language has ever been documented or survived to the present day.

	The Lällshag people were among the first major Calemerian civilizations and the first one in the eastern part of Márusúturon; their dominance, lasting a few centuries, influenced many other neighboring civilizations, marking the beginning of urban development in the continent. <br/>One of the Lällshag's neighbours, the Chlouvānem people, later came to develop a far more prosperous civilization which ultimately absorbed the Lällshag one. Their language, however, has had a huge influence on Classical (and, therefore, modern-day) Chlouvānem, which is full of Lällshag roots, starting from basic vocabulary (cf. ''marta'' "city" ← ''m-arota'' "walls", ''dænišah'' "dolphin" ← ''dänishar'', ''naviṣya'' "book" ← ''na-wici-ja'' "it has knowledge inside") but especially in the technical one, even related to modern societies, as Lällshag roots have been extensively used in the Chlouvānem world in the last few centuries to create words for new concepts (cf. ''jålihūrṣa'' "industry" ← ''chåll-forca'' "large task"; ''šupairyuka'' "antibody" ← ''shopa i-ro-fuka'' "it attacks for good"; ''nyurukæsa'' "vaccine" ← ''nu-ro-käs-a'' "one protects oneself with this"; ''lagukītsun'' "paralysis" ← ''gahoki-ytsun'' "still-condition"). The Chlouvānem script is also ultimately derived from the Lällshag one.		The Lällshag people were among the first major Calemerian civilizations and the first one in the eastern part of Márusúturon; their dominance, lasting a few centuries, influenced many other neighboring civilizations, marking the beginning of urban development in the continent. <br/>One of the Lällshag's neighbours, the [[Chlouvānem]] people, later came to develop a far more prosperous civilization which ultimately absorbed the Lällshag one. Their language, however, has had a huge influence on Classical (and, therefore, modern-day) Chlouvānem, which is full of Lällshag roots, starting from basic vocabulary (cf. ''marta'' "city" ← ''m-arota'' "walls", ''dænišah'' "dolphin" ← ''dänishar'', ''naviṣya'' "book" ← ''na-wici-ja'' "it has knowledge inside") but especially in the technical one, even related to modern societies, as Lällshag roots have been extensively used in the Chlouvānem world in the last few centuries to create words for new concepts (cf. ''jålihūrṣa'' "industry" ← ''chåll-forca'' "large task"; ''šupairyuka'' "antibody" ← ''shopa i-ro-fuka'' "it attacks for good"; ''nyurukæsa'' "vaccine" ← ''nu-ro-käs-a'' "one protects oneself with this"; ''lagukītsun'' "paralysis" ← ''gahoki-ytsun'' "still-condition"). The Chlouvānem script is also ultimately derived from the Lällshag one.

	==Phonology==		==Phonology==

Lili21: Created page with "{{Infobox language |name = Lällshag |nativename = lällshagune hałyjeg |pronunciation = [lɛʎˈɕaŋ]
[lɛʎˈɕaŋyne gaˈwiːjeŋ] |region = aro..."

2018-08-12T16:43:13Z

Created page with "{{Infobox language |name = Lällshag |nativename = lällshagune hałyjeg |pronunciation = [lɛʎˈɕaŋ] [lɛʎˈɕaŋyne gaˈwiːjeŋ] |region = aro..."

New page

{{Infobox language
|name = Lällshag
|nativename = lällshagune hałyjeg
|pronunciation = [lɛʎˈɕaŋ] [lɛʎˈɕaŋyne gaˈwiːjeŋ]
|region = around the middle and lower course of the Nīmbaṇḍhāra river
|ethnicity = Lällshag people
|extinct = ca. 4300
|era = pre-Inquisitorial to early Inquisitorial era
|setting = [[Verse:Calémere|Calémere]]
|familycolor = Language isolate
|family = Isolate
|creator = [[User:Lili21|Lili21]]
|created = Nov 2017
|script = Lällshag script
}}

'''Lällshag''', or the ''Lällshag language'' (''lällshagune hałyjeg'' [lɛʎˈɕaŋ], [lɛʎˈɕaŋyne gaˈwiːjeŋ], also known by its Chlouvānem name ''lælšaṃrān dhāḍa'') was a [[Verse:Calémere|Calemerian language]] spoken in the late 4th-early 5th millennium of the Lällshag (later known as Chlouvānem) calendar by the middle and lower course of the Nīmbaṇḍhāra river (Läll.: ''käyna Watsunogy''), a territory centered on one of the earliest cities of any Calemerian civilization, ''Łahikunanäé'' (today known as ''Laikunanǣh''). Lällshag is considered to be a language isolate, as no other related language has ever been documented or survived to the present day.

The Lällshag people were among the first major Calemerian civilizations and the first one in the eastern part of Márusúturon; their dominance, lasting a few centuries, influenced many other neighboring civilizations, marking the beginning of urban development in the continent. One of the Lällshag's neighbours, the Chlouvānem people, later came to develop a far more prosperous civilization which ultimately absorbed the Lällshag one. Their language, however, has had a huge influence on Classical (and, therefore, modern-day) Chlouvānem, which is full of Lällshag roots, starting from basic vocabulary (cf. ''marta'' "city" ← ''m-arota'' "walls", ''dænišah'' "dolphin" ← ''dänishar'', ''naviṣya'' "book" ← ''na-wici-ja'' "it has knowledge inside") but especially in the technical one, even related to modern societies, as Lällshag roots have been extensively used in the Chlouvānem world in the last few centuries to create words for new concepts (cf. ''jålihūrṣa'' "industry" ← ''chåll-forca'' "large task"; ''šupairyuka'' "antibody" ← ''shopa i-ro-fuka'' "it attacks for good"; ''nyurukæsa'' "vaccine" ← ''nu-ro-käs-a'' "one protects oneself with this"; ''lagukītsun'' "paralysis" ← ''gahoki-ytsun'' "still-condition"). The Chlouvānem script is also ultimately derived from the Lällshag one.

==Phonology==
Having been extinct for almost 2000 years, we know little about the finer details of Lällshag phonology: all info we have has been reconstructed from Lällshag borrowings into Chlouvānem. The following tables use the values commonly given to Lällshag script letters by Chlouvānem linguists and historians.
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Lällshag vowels
|-
! !! Front !! Central !! Back
|-
! High
| '''i y u''' i iː y || || '''o ou''' u uː
|-
! High-mid
| '''e ø''' e ø || ||
|-
! Low-mid
| '''ä''' ɛ || || '''å''' ɔ
|-
! Low
| || '''a aa''' a aː ||
|-
! Diphthongs
| '''äy''' ɛj || || '''åw''' ɔw
|}
{{col-break}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Lällshag consonants
|-
! colspan=2 | → PoA ↓ Manner !! Labial !! Dental~alveolar !! Dentoalveolar~palatal !! Velar
|-
! colspan=2 | Nasals
| '''m''' m || '''n''' n || || '''g''' ŋ
|-
! rowspan=2 | Plosives !! Voiceless
| '''p''' p || '''t''' t || || '''k''' k
|-
! Voiced
| '''b''' b || '''d''' d || || '''h''' ɡ
|-
! colspan=2 | Fricatives
| '''f''' ɸ || '''s''' s || '''c''' ʃ ||
|-
! colspan=2 | Laterals
| || '''l''' l || '''ll''' ʎ || '''ł''' ɫ*
|-
! colspan=2 | Trill
| '''r''' r || || ||
|-
! colspan=2 | Approximants
| || || '''j''' j || '''w''' w
|}
{{col-break}}
{{col-end}}
Note that '''ł''' merged with /w/ early in the history of Lällshag-Chlouvānem contact, at least in some dialects. Its rendering in Chlouvānem varies between '''l''' /ɴ̆/ and '''v''' /ʋ/, also influenced by neighboring consonants. In modern-day coinings, '''l''' is used.

'''ch sh ts''' are phonetical transcriptions used in Chlouvānem publications (as '''c š ts''') for allophones of /t s t/ respectively before /i/ or /j/ (for '''ch''' and '''sh''') and /y/ (for '''ts'''), where they were likely pronounced as [tɕ ɕ ts].

==Morphology==
===Nouns===
(TBA)

Plural forms were in many cases formed by prefixation of ''mV-'', where V was the echo vowel of the first syllable, or absent for vowel-initial words:
: ''dänishar'' "dolphin" → ''mädänishar'' "dolphins"
: ''rashinå'' "star" → ''marashinå'' "stars"
: ''tsujä'' "rock" → ''mutsujä'' "rocks"
: ''arota'' "wall" → ''marota'' "walls"
: ''hadar'' "saying" → ''mahadar'' "sayings"
There is, however, a substantial number of suppletive forms:
: ''łahän'' "person" → ''nyse'' "people"
: ''gåsha'' "son" → ''mjäg'' "sons"
: ''douki'' "tree" → ''llägcele'' "trees"

===Verbs===

==Syntax==

==Vocabulary==

==Notes==

[[Category:Calémere]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:A priori]]
[[Category:Artlangs]]

Lällshag - Revision history

Sware: Updated infobox

Lili21: /* Numerals */

Lili21: /* Numerals */

Lili21: /* Morphology */

Lili21 at 16:43, 12 August 2018

Lili21: Created page with "{{Infobox language |name = Lällshag |nativename = lällshagune hałyjeg |pronunciation = [lɛʎˈɕaŋ][lɛʎˈɕaŋyne gaˈwiːjeŋ] |region = aro..."

Lili21: Created page with "{{Infobox language |name = Lällshag |nativename = lällshagune hałyjeg |pronunciation = [lɛʎˈɕaŋ]
[lɛʎˈɕaŋyne gaˈwiːjeŋ] |region = aro..."