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'''Laefêvëši''' has many types of pronouns.

== Substantival pronoun ==

=== Personal pronouns ===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed"
! colspan="28" | Personal pronouns - singular
|-
! rowspan="3" | Case !! colspan="25" | Singular
|-
! colspan="4" | 1st person !! colspan="4" | 2nd person !! colspan="4" | 3rd person !! colspan="4" | 4th person (obviative)
|-
! Long || Short || Prep. || Verb. !! Long || Short || Prep. || Verb. !! Long || Short || Prep. || Verb. !! Long || Short || Prep. || Verb.
|-
! Nominative
| ós || colspan="3" | ó || sé || colspan="3" | é || jâ; dô || colspan="3" | â; ô || léis || colspan="3" | lî
|-
! Genitive
| vrái || va || vá- || vn- || stái || sa || sá- || sn- || trái || ta || tá- || tr- || láu || la || lá- || sk-
|-
! Dative
| vríu || vi || ví- || vl- || stíu || si || sí- || sl- || tríu || ti || tí- || tl- || léu || lø || lǿ- || st-
|-
! Accusative
| vréi || ve || vé- || vj- || stéi || se || sé- || sj- || tréi || te || té- || tj- || léi || le || lé- || sh-
|-
! Locative
| vrúi || vu || colspan="2" | vú- || stúi || su || colspan="2" | sú- || trúi || tu || colspan="2" | tú- || lúi || lu || colspan="2" | lú-
|-
! Instrumental
| vrói || vo || colspan="2" | vó- || stói || so || colspan="2" | só- || trói || to || colspan="2" | tó- || lóu || lo || colspan="2" | ló-
|-
|}
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed"
! colspan="28" | Personal pronouns - dual
|-
! rowspan="4" | Case !! colspan="25" | Dual
|-
! colspan="8" | 1st person !! colspan="8" | 2nd person !! colspan="4" rowspan="2" | 3rd person !! colspan="4" rowspan="2" | 4th person (obviative)
|-
! colspan="4" | Inclusive !! colspan="4" | Exclusive !! colspan="4" | Inclusive !! colspan="4" | Exclusive
|-
! Long || Short || Prep. || Verb. !! Long || Short || Prep. || Verb. !! Long || Short || Prep. || Verb. !! Long || Short || Prep. || Verb. !! Long || Short || Prep. || Verb. !! Long || Short || Prep. || Verb.
|-
! Nominative
| hát || colspan="3" | hâ || xás || colspan="3" | xâ || tál || colspan="3" | tâ || dál || colspan="3" | dâ || kóe || colspan="3" | kû || féis || colspan="3" | fî
|-
! Genitive
| hrái || ha || há- || hr- || hrái || xa || xá- || šn- || tjái || tja || tjá- || hk- || drái || da || dá- || dr- || krái || ka || ká- || kr- || fáu || fa || fá- || fr-
|-
! Dative
| hríu || hi || hí- || hl- || hríu || xi || xí- || šl- || tjéu || tjø || tjǿ- || ht- || dríu || di || dí- || dv- || kríu || ki || kí- || kl- || féu || fø || fǿ- || fl-
|-
! Accusative
| hréi || he || hé- || hj- || hréi || xe || xé- || šj- || tjéi || tje || tjé- || hv- || dréi || de || dé- || dj- || kréi || ke || ké- || kj- || féi || fe || fé- || fj-
|-
! Locative
| hrúi || hu || colspan="2" | hú- || hrúi || xu || colspan="2" | xú- || tjúi || tju || colspan="2" | tjú- || drúi || du || colspan="2" | dú- || krúi || ku || colspan="2" | kú- || fúi || fu || colspan="2" | fú-
|-
! Instrumental
| hrói || ho || colspan="2" | hó- || hrói || xo || colspan="2" | xó- || tjói || tjo || colspan="2" | tjó- || drói || do || colspan="2" | dó- || krói || ko || colspan="2" | kó- || fóu || fo || colspan="2" | fó-
|}
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed"
! colspan="28" | Personal pronouns - plural
|-
! rowspan="4" | Case !! colspan="25" | Plural
|-
! colspan="8" | 1st person !! colspan="8" | 2nd person !! colspan="4" rowspan="2" | 3rd person !! colspan="4" rowspan="2" | 4th person (obviative)
|-
! colspan="4" | Inclusive !! colspan="4" | Exclusive !! colspan="4" | Inclusive !! colspan="4" | Exclusive
|-
! Long || Short || Prep. || Verb. !! Long || Short || Prep. || Verb. !! Long || Short || Prep. || Verb. !! Long || Short || Prep. || Verb.
|-
! Nominative
| jûn || colspan="3" | û || jôr || colspan="3" | jô || pál || colspan="3" | pâ || bál || colspan="3" | bâ || rjôn || colspan="3" | rî || géis || colspan="3" | gî
|-
! Genitive
| njái || na || ná- || vr- || rái || ra || rá- || rv- || prái || pa || pá- || pr- || brái || ba || bá- || br- || rjái || ja || já- || gr- || gáu || ga || gá- || šk-
|-
! Dative
| njéu || nø || nǿ- || lj- || réu || rø || rǿ- || rl- || príu || pi || pí- || pl- || bríu || bi || bí- || bv- || rjéu || jø || jǿ- || gl- || géu || gø || gǿ- || št-
|-
! Accusative
| njéi || ne || né- || nj- || réi || re || ré- || rj- || préi || pe || pé- || pj- || bréi || be || bé- || bj- || rjéi || je || jé- || gj- || géi || ge || gé- || šj-
|-
! Locative
| njúi || nu || colspan="2" | nú- || rúi || ru || colspan="2" | rú- || prúi || pu || colspan="2" | pú- || brúi || bu || colspan="2" | bú- || rjúi || ju || colspan="2" | jú- || gúi || gu || colspan="2" | gú-
|-
! Instrumental
| njói || no || colspan="2" | nó- || rói || ro || colspan="2" | ró- || prói || po || colspan="2" | pó- || brói || bo || colspan="2" | bó- || rjói || jo || colspan="2" | jó- || góu || go || colspan="2" | gó-
|}

=== Reflexive and reciprocal pronouns ===

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed"
! colspan="10" | Reflexive and reciprocal pronouns
|-
! rowspan="2" | Case || colspan="4" | '''Reflexive''' || colspan="4" | '''Reciprocal'''
|-
! Long || Short || Prep. || Verb. !! Long || Short || Prep. || Verb.
|-
! Nom.
| colspan="2" | - || nî- || - || colspan="2" | - || nû- || -
|-
! Gen.
| náu || ma || má- || mn- || nûde || dja || djá- || zn-
|-
! Dat.
| néu || mø || mǿ- || ml- || nûdo || djø || djǿ- || zl-
|-
! Acc.
| néi || me || mé- || mj- || nûda || dje || djé- || zj-
|-
! Loc.
| núi || mu || colspan="2" | mú || nûdi || dju || colspan="2" | djú-
|-
! Inst.
| nóu || mo || colspan="2" | mó-|| nûdu || djo || colspan="2" | djó-
|-
|}

=== Other pronouns ===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed"
! colspan="14" | Other pronouns
|-
! rowspan="2" | Case !! colspan="2" | '''Interrogative''' !! colspan="2" | '''Relative''' !! colspan="2" | '''Relative unspecified''' !! colspan="2" | '''Indefinite''' !! colspan="2" | '''Negative''' !! colspan="2" | '''Unspecified'''
|-
! Animate || Inanimate || Animate || Inanimate || Animate || Inanimate || Animate || Inanimate || Animate || Inanimate || Animate || Inanimate
|-
! Nom.
| sél || séi || sól || sós || sóles || sóxes || tél || téi || tól || tóh || sêl || síu
|-
! Gen.
| sái || sák || sói || sók || sóies || sóges || tái || ták || tói || tók || sáu || sâk
|-
! Dat.
| sán || sát || sór || sót || sóres || soðes || tán || tás || tór || tós || sân || sât
|-
! Acc.
| séu || sét || sóu ||sút || sóues || súðes || téu || tés || tóu || tús || sǿn || sǿt
|-
! Loc.
| sén || sém || són || sóm || sóŋes || sôŋes || tén || tém || tón || tóm || sên || sêm
|-
! Inst.
| sín || sím || sún || súm || súŋes || sûŋes || tín || tím || tún || túm || sýn || sým
|-
|}

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed"
! colspan="14" | Other pronouns
|-
! rowspan="3" | Case !! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | '''Total''' !! colspan="8" | '''Manifold'''
|-
! colspan="2" | '''la-''' (many) || colspan="2" | '''xa-''' (many) || colspan="2" | '''ta-''' (few) || colspan="2" | '''ja-''' (rarely)
|-
! Animate || Inanimate || Animate || Inanimate || Animate || Inanimate || Animate || Inanimate || Animate || Inanimate
|-
! Nom.
| fél || féi || lás || lîn || xás || xîn || tás || tîn || jás || jîn
|-
! Gen.
| fái || fâk || lái || lák || xái || xák || tái || ták || jái || ják
|-
! Dat.
| fân || fât || lán || lár || xán || xár || tán || tár || ján || jár
|-
! Acc.
| féu || fét || lýn || lýs || xýn || xýs || týn || týs || jýn || jýs
|-
! Loc.
| fén || fém || lén || lém || xén || xém || tén || tém || jén || jém
|-
! Inst.
| fîn || fím || lûn || lûm || xûn || xûm || tûn || tûm || jûn || jûm
|}

=== Combinations ===
==== Indefinite-relative ====
The combined indefinite-relative pronouns are pronouns made from an indefinite and a relative pronoun. Pronouns are inflected by case and therefore cannot be the object and the subject of two different verbs at the same time. The usual construction is to use two pronouns separated by a comma, thus forming two clauses. With combined indefinite-relative pronouns, it becomes possible to use a single pronoun which is both the object and the subject of two different verbs at the same time.

Example:
* ''How can you miss '''something (that)''' you never had?''
* ''Váj fíllallén '''tés, sók''' énnanaiŋe?''
* ''Váj fíllallén '''téssok''' énnanaiŋe?''

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed"
! colspan="4" | Indefinite-realative combinations
|-
! Cases !! Indefinite !! Relative !! Indefinite-relative
|-
! Nom + Nom
| téi || sós || '''teós'''
|-
! Nom + Gen
| téi || sók || '''teók'''
|-
! Nom + Acc
| téi || sút || '''teút'''
|-
! Acc + Nom
| tés || sós || '''téssos'''
|-
! Acc + Gen
| tés || sók || '''téssok'''
|-
! Acc + Acc
| tés || sút || '''téssut'''
|}

==== Personal-summative ====
This kind of pronouns correspond to English ''we all, you all, they all'' pronouns. In contrary to other personal pronouns, personal-summative pronouns do not have a verbal form.

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed"
! colspan="26" | Personal-summative combinations
|-
! rowspan="4" | Case !! colspan="25" | Personal-summative (plural)
|-
! colspan="8" | 1st person !! colspan="8" | 2nd person !! colspan="4" rowspan="2" | 3rd person !! colspan="4" rowspan="2" | 4th person (obviative)
|-
! colspan="4" | Inclusive !! colspan="4" | Exclusive !! colspan="4" | Inclusive !! colspan="4" | Exclusive
|-
! Long || Short || colspan="2" | Prep. !! Long || Short || colspan="2" | Prep. !! Long || Short || colspan="2" | Prep. !! Long || Short || colspan="2" | Prep. !! Long || Short || colspan="2" | Prep. !! Long || Short || colspan="2" | Prep.
|-
! Nominative
| skjûn || colspan="3" | skû || skjôr || colspan="3" | skjô || stjál || colspan="3" | stjâ || stál || colspan="3" | stâ || kvôn || colspan="3" | kvî || || colspan="3" |
|-
! Genitive
| skjái || skja || colspan="2" | skjá- || skái || ska || colspan="2" | ská- || stjái || stja || colspan="2" | stjá- || stái || sta || colspan="2" | stá-|| kvái || kva || colspan="2" | kvá- || || || colspan="2" |
|-
! Dative
| skjéu || skjø || colspan="2" | skjǿ- || skéu || skø || colspan="2" | skǿ- || stjéu || stjø || colspan="2" | stjǿ- || stíu || sti || colspan="2" | stí- || kvéu || kvø || colspan="2" | kvǿ- || || || colspan="2" |
|-
! Accusative
| skjéi || skje || colspan="2" | skjé- || skéi || ske || colspan="2" | ské- || stjéi || stje || colspan="2" | stjé- || stéi || ste || colspan="2" | sté- || kvéi || kve || colspan="2" | kvé- || || || colspan="2" |
|-
! Locative
| skjúi || skju || colspan="2" | skjú- || skúi || sku || colspan="2" | skú- || stjúi || stju || colspan="2" | stjú- || stúi || stu || colspan="2" | stú- || kvúi || kvu || colspan="2" | kvú- || || || colspan="2" |
|-
! Instrumental
| skjói || skjo || colspan="2" | skjó- || skói || sko || colspan="2" | skó- || stjói || stjo || colspan="2" | stjó- || stói || sto || colspan="2" | stó- || kvói || kvo || colspan="2" | kvó- || || || colspan="2" |
|}

== Adjectival pronouns ==

=== Personal possessive pronouns ===

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed"
! colspan="14" | Alienable possession
|-
! rowspan="3" colspan="2" | Person
! colspan="4" | Singular !! colspan="4" | Dual !! colspan="4" | Plural
|-
! rowspan="2" | Long !! rowspan="2" | Short !! colspan="2" | Clitic !! rowspan="2" | Long !! rowspan="2" | Short !! colspan="2" | Clitic !! rowspan="2" | Long !! rowspan="2" | Short !! colspan="2" | Clitic
|-
! voc. || non-v. || voc. || non-v. || voc. || non-v.
|-
! rowspan="2" | 1st person
! Inclusive
| rowspan="2" | sóiri || rowspan="2" | sóu- || rowspan="2" | sój- || rowspan="2" | sjó- || háiri || háu- || háj- || hjá- || júiri || jóu- || nój- || njó-
|-
! Exclusive
| xáiri || xáu- || xáj- || xjá- || jôiri || jôu- || nôj- || njô-
|-
! rowspan="2" | 2nd person
! Inclusive
| rowspan="2" | séiri || rowspan="2" | séu- || rowspan="2" | séj- || rowspan="2" | sjé- || táiri || táu- || táj- || tjá- || páiri || páu- || páj- || pjá-
|-
! Exclusive
| dáiri || dáu- || dáj- || djá- || báiri || báu- || báj- || bjá-
|-
! colspan="2" | 3rd person
| jáiri || jáu- || náj- || njá- || kóiri || kóu- || kój- || kjó- || rjóiri || rjóu- || rjój- || rjó-
|-
! colspan="2" | 4th person
| léiri || léu- || léj- || ljé- || féiri || féu- || féj- || fjé- || géiri || géu- || géj- || gjé-
|}

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed"
! colspan="14" | Inalienable possession
|-
! rowspan="3" colspan="2" | Person
! colspan="4" | Singular !! colspan="4" | Dual !! colspan="4" | Plural
|-
! rowspan="2" | Long !! rowspan="2" | Short !! colspan="2" | Clitic !! rowspan="2" | Long !! rowspan="2" | Short !! colspan="2" | Clitic !! rowspan="2" | Long !! rowspan="2" | Short !! colspan="2" | Clitic
|-
! Voc. || Non-v. || Voc. || Non-v. || Voc. || Non-v.
|-
! rowspan="2" | 1st person
! Inclusive
| rowspan="2" | sǿiri || rowspan="2" | sǿu- || rowspan="2" | sǿj- || rowspan="2" | sjǿ- || šáiri || šáu- || šáj- || šjá- || núiri || nóu- || nýj- || njý-
|-
! Exclusive
| žáiri || žáu- || žáj- || žjá- || nǿiri || nǿu- || nǿj- || njǿ-
|-
! rowspan="2" | 2nd person
! Inclusive
| rowspan="2" | sĕiri || rowspan="2" | sĕu- || rowspan="2" | sĕj- || rowspan="2" | sjĕ- || cáiri || cáu- || cáj- || cjá- || fáiri || fáu- || fáj- || fjá-
|-
! Exclusive
| ʒáiri || ʒáu- || ʒáj- || ʒjá- || váiri || váu- || váj- || vjá-
|-
! colspan="2" | 3rd person
| máiri || máu- || máj- || mjá- || kǿiri || kǿu- || kǿj- || kjǿ- || rjǿiri || rjǿu- || rjǿj- || rjǿ-
|-
! colspan="2" | 4th person
| lĕiri || lĕu- || lĕj- || ljĕ- || fĕiri || fĕu- || fĕj- || fjĕ- || gĕiri || gĕu- || gĕj- || gjĕ-
|}

=== Reflexive possessive pronoun ===
The forms of the reflexive possessive pronoun are:
* long: '''nîjiri '''
* short: '''nîu-'''
* vocalic: '''nîj-'''
* non-vocalic: '''njî-'''

=== Non-personal adjectival pronouns ===

==== Others ====
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed"
! colspan="17" | Other adjectival pronouns
|-
! rowspan="2" | !! colspan="4" | Qualitative !! colspan="4" | Relational !! colspan="4" | Possessive !! colspan="4" | Quantitative
|-
! Full !! Short !! Clitic !! ''English'' !! Full !! Short !! Clitic !! ''English'' !! Full !! Short !! Clitic !! ''English'' !! Full !! Short !! Clitic !! ''English''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Interrogative
| vréisi || vréi- || - || ''what kind (of)'' || rowspan="2" | vráili || rowspan="2" | vráe- || rowspan="2" | - || rowspan="2" | ''what, which'' || rowspan="2" | lúiri || rowspan="2" | lúu- || rowspan="2" | - || rowspan="2" | ''whose'' || rowspan="2" colspan="2"| þámjē || rowspan="2" | -(n)aþ+GEN || rowspan="2" | ''how much, how many''
|-
| kréisi || kréi- || - || ''to what extent''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Relative
| rowspan="2" | réisi || rowspan="2" | réi- || rowspan="2" | - || rowspan="2" | ''the kind that'' || ráili || ráe- || - || rowspan="2" | ''which, that, who'' || rowspan="2" | lǿiri || rowspan="2" | lǿu- || rowspan="2" | - || rowspan="2" | ''whose'' || rowspan="2" colspan="2" | þĕtjē || rowspan="2" | - || rowspan="2" | ''as much''
|-
| colspan="3" | á
|-
! Unspecified
| vréisi || vréi- || - || ''what kind (of)'' || vráili || vráe- || - || ''what, which'' || lúiri || lúu- || - || ''whose'' || colspan="2" | þámjē || - || ''how much, how many''
|-
! Relative unspecified
| préisi || préi- || - || ''whatever kind'' || práili || práe- || - || ''whichever'' || plúiri || plúu- || - || ''whosever'' || colspan="2" | ƕĕtjē || - || ''however much''
|-
! Indefinite
| tréisi || tréi- || - || ''some kind of'' || nóili || nóe- || - || ''some(one)'' || tréiri || tréu- || - || ''someone's'' || colspan="2" | tǿmjē || - || ''somewhat''
|-
! Negative
| skéisi || skéi- || - || ''of no kind'' || sáili || sáe- || - || ''noöne'' || skéiri || skéu- || - || ''noöne's'' || colspan="4" |
|-
! rowspan="2" | Total
| fréisi || fréi- || -(n)øør ''-(n)ǿr'' || ''of every kind'' || rowspan="2" | fáili || rowspan="2" | fáe- || rowspan="2" | -(n)øøf ''-(n)ǿf'' || rowspan="2" | ''every(one)'' || fréiri || fréu- || - || ''everyone's'' || colspan="2" | [[Celestial_Laefêvëši_pronouns#Demonstrative_and_summative_pronouns|xôl]] || -(n)ooh ''-(n)óh'' || ''all''
|-
| méisi || méi- || - || ''of both kinds'' || míiri || míu- || - || ''of both'' || colspan="2" | mí || - || ''both''
|-
! Manifold
| lavréisi || lavréi- || - || ''of many kinds'' || lavráili || lavráe- || - || ''many a'' || lalúiri || lalúu- || - || - || colspan="4" |
|-
! Differential
| ljáisi || ljái- || - || ''different'' || láili || láe- || - || ''sbd/sth else, another'' || colspan="4" | || colspan="4" |
|-
! Equal
| fáisi || fái- || -(n)aaf ''-(n)áf'' || ''of the same kind'' || táili || táe- || - || ''the same'' || colspan="4" | || colspan="4" |
|-
! rowspan="3" | Demonstrative
| šáisi || šái- || - || ''of this kind'' || colspan="2" | [[Celestial_Laefêvëši_pronouns#Demonstrative_and_summative_pronouns|pól]] || -(n)ool ''-(n)ól'' || ''this'' || póiri || póu- || - || ''of this'' || rowspan="3" colspan="2" | týmjē || rowspan="3" | - || rowspan="3" | ''this much, this many''
|-
| rowspan="2" | čéisi || rowspan="2" | čéi- || rowspan="2" | - || rowspan="2" | ''of that kind'' || colspan="2" | [[Celestial_Laefêvëši_pronouns#Demonstrative_and_summative_pronouns|sól]] || -(n)oos ''-(n)ós'' || ''that'' || rowspan="2" | síiri || rowspan="2" | síu- || rowspan="2" | - || rowspan="2" | ''of that''
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Celestial_Laefêvëši_pronouns#Demonstrative_and_summative_pronouns|kjál]] || -(n)aak ''-(n)ák'' || ''yonder''
|-
|}

The clitic forms are normally pronounced simply as long vowels, even though they are written as two. However, they can also be written as a single vowel with an accute above it - they are pronounced long but unstressed (secondary stress may still apply).

==== Demonstrative and summative pronouns ====
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed"
! colspan="6" | Demonstrative and summative pronouns
|-
! rowspan="2" | Number !! rowspan="2" | Case !! colspan="3" | Demonstratives !! rowspan="2" | Summative
|-
! THIS !! THAT !! YONDER
|-
! rowspan="7" | Singular
|-
! Nom.
| pól(i) || sól(i) || kjál(i) || xôl
|-
! Gen.
| pái || sái || kjáde || xái
|-
! Dat.
| píu || síu || kjádo || xíu
|-
! Acc.
| péi || séi || kjáda || xéi
|-
! Loc.
| púi || súi || kjádi || xúi
|-
! Inst.
| pói || sói || kjádu || xói
|-
! rowspan="7" | Dual
|-
! Nom.
| pél(i) || sél(i) || kján(i) || xêl(i)
|-
! Gen.
| piái || siái || kjánde || xiái
|-
! Dat.
| pýe || sýe || kjándo || xýe
|-
! Acc.
| piéi || siéi || kjánda || xiéi
|-
! Loc.
| piúi || siúi || kjándi || xiúi
|-
! Inst.
| piói || siói || kjándu || xiói
|-
! rowspan="7" | Plural
|-
! Nom.
| pál(i) || sâl(i) || kjân(i) || xál(i)
|-
! Gen.
| pâs(i) || sât(i) || kjâfe || xâs(i)
|-
! Dat.
| pît(i) || sît(i) || kjâfo || xît(i)
|-
! Acc.
| pés(i) || sét(i) || kjâfa || xét(i)
|-
! Loc.
| pût(i) || sût(i) || kjâfi || xût(i)
|-
! Inst.
| pós(i) || sót(i) || kjâfu || xós(i)
|-
! colspan="6" |
|-
! colspan="2" | Clitic forms
| -(n)ool ''-(n)ól'' || -(n)oos ''-(n)ós'' || -(n)aak ''-(n)ák'' || -(n)ooh ''-(n)óh''
|}

[[Category:Laefêvëši]]

Laefêvëši/Pronouns - Revision history

Ashucky: Created page with "'''Laefêvëši''' has many types of pronouns. == Substantival pronoun == === Personal pronouns === {| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" ! colspan="28" |..."