Lesson:Metin/1: Sounds and declarative sentences - Revision history

Chrysophylax: Text replacement - "Category:Conlangs" to "Category:Languages"

2017-01-20T02:28:31Z

Text replacement - "Category:Conlangs" to "Category:Languages"

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:28, 20 January 2017
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	Sometimes in declarative sentences the Dhaa is ommitted, and left to context, so frequently (particularily in informal conversations), you will here sentences like "fïy'oa miji" (the table is wooden) instead of "Dhaa fïy'oa miji".		Sometimes in declarative sentences the Dhaa is ommitted, and left to context, so frequently (particularily in informal conversations), you will here sentences like "fïy'oa miji" (the table is wooden) instead of "Dhaa fïy'oa miji".

	[[Category:~~Conlangs~~]][[Category:Metin]][[Category:Lessons]][[Category:Metin lessons]]		[[Category:Languages]][[Category:Metin]][[Category:Lessons]][[Category:Metin lessons]]

Greatbuddha at 01:03, 9 December 2013

2013-12-09T01:03:39Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:03, 9 December 2013
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	~~{{lesson}}~~

	==The sounds of Metin==		==The sounds of Metin==
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	y is always pronounced as in "yes"		y is always pronounced as in "yes"

	w is pronounced with narrowed lips, sometimes sounding like a v.		w is pronounced with narrowed lips, sometimes sounding like a v.

	l is always pronounced as in "lake", never as in "cold" even at the end of words.		l is always pronounced as in "lake", never as in "cold" even at the end of words.
Line 16:		Line 15:
	s and z sound for the most part like english s and z, but occasionaly the s will be prounounced like the th in "think", and z the th in "the".		s and z sound for the most part like english s and z, but occasionaly the s will be prounounced like the th in "think", and z the th in "the".

	sy and zy sound like the sounds in "shop" and "treasure" respectively.		sy and zy sound like the sounds in "shop" and "treasure" respectively.

	S and Z sound similar to sh and zh, but they are pronounced with the tongue tapping the top of the mouth, like with r.		S and Z sound similar to sh and zh, but they are pronounced with the tongue tapping the top of the mouth, like with r.
Line 38:		Line 37:
	ł is pronounced as in navajo or welsh. It sounds sort of like saying h and l at the same time.		ł is pronounced as in navajo or welsh. It sounds sort of like saying h and l at the same time.

	s', z', ś', , t', c', j', d', dh', jh', zh', n', y' and zyh' are lateral sounds. To pronounce lateral s', place the tip of the tongue at the base of the bottom teeth, and the middle of the tongue against the front teeth, then attempt to make an s sound. t', d', and dh' are pronounced in the same manner, only this time, completely block the airflow with your tongue to make a popping sound. sy' is peonounced like s', except the tongue is also raised in the middle, to make a y sound simultaneously. c', j', y', and their derivations are pronounced in the same manner. If your mouth is forced farther open than is comfortable trying to make these sounds, you're doing it right.		s', z', ś', , t', c', j', d', dh', jh', zh', n', y' and zyh' are lateral sounds. To pronounce lateral s', place the tip of the tongue at the base of the bottom teeth, and the middle of the tongue against the front teeth, then attempt to make an s sound. t', d', and dh' are pronounced in the same manner, only this time, completely block the airflow with your tongue to make a popping sound. sy' is peonounced like s', except the tongue is also raised in the middle, to make a y sound simultaneously. c', j', y', and their derivations are pronounced in the same manner. If your mouth is forced farther open than is comfortable trying to make these sounds, you're doing it right.

	===Vowels===		===Vowels===
Line 53:		Line 52:
	ë is pronounced as in "but"		ë is pronounced as in "but"

	ï is pronounced like the korean "ue",		ï is pronounced like the korean "ue",
	sort of like the english "look."		sort of like the english "look."

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	Vowels with an apostrophe are pronounced like they have a y' after them. aa' could just as easily be written aay'.		Vowels with an apostrophe are pronounced like they have a y' after them. aa' could just as easily be written aay'.

	Vowels written double are pronounced for twice as ~~long~~		Vowels written double are pronounced for twice as long
	"uu" takes twice as log to say as "u"		"uu" takes twice as log to say as "u"

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	==Declarative sentences==		==Declarative sentences==
	Declarative sentences are by far the simplest element of Metin syntax. They are used to state that one noun is another, as in English "That is a fish."		Declarative sentences are by far the simplest element of Metin syntax. They are used to state that one noun is another, as in English "That is a fish."
	To translate such a sentence into Metin, first add "Dhaa", then the two nouns which are the same.		To translate such a sentence into Metin, first add "Dhaa", then the two nouns which are the same.

	Examples:		Examples:
Line 74:		Line 73:
	Dhaa sime sita		Dhaa sime sita

	DEC ~~person~~ this		DEC person this

	This is a person		This is a person
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	Dhaa siZa sibhii': that is Bhii'.		Dhaa siZa sibhii': that is Bhii'.

	fïZa, fïta, fïte are used for nouns in "fï".		fïZa, fïta, fïte are used for nouns in "fï", usually small inanimate objects.

			fïZa: that (thing)

			Dhaa fïZa fïgoon: that is a table.

			sy'aZa, sy'ata, sy'ate are used for nouns starting with sy'a, usually places.

			Dhaa sy'ate sy'amiił: that(by you) is a house.

			miZa, mita, mite are used for "mi"nouns.

			Dhaa mita miji: this is water.



	~~Dhaa fïte fïygoon: that(by you) is a chair.~~

	~~sy'aZa, sy'ata, sy'ate are used for nouns starting with sy'a, etc.~~
	==Practice==		==Practice==
	sime: person ~~sit~~'is: ~~child~~		sime: person sit'is: child
	sitxa: man, boy sibhi: woman, girl		sitxa: man, boy sibhi: woman, girl
	sisuh: friend, fellow sifen: his/ her sister		sisuh: friend, fellow sifen: his/ her sister
	sitlen: his/her brother		sitlen: his/her brother (e.g. sitlen suarbhii': bhii's brother)
	sitxen: a name ~~sibhii~~': a name
			sitxen: a name sibhii': a name
			sy'en suałtxen: Txen's
			sy'en suarbhii': Bhii's

	sy'amiił: house, dwelling sy'aDZao: ~~city~~		sy'amiił: house, dwelling sy'aDZao: city sy'aqum: garden, park
	sy'aqum: garden, park

	fïy'oa: table fïji: branch, stick fïgoon: chair, ~~bench~~		fïy'oa: table fïji: branch, stick fïgoon: chair, bench

	miji: ~~wood~~		miji: wood

	ta, sita, fïta, mita: this (at hand)		ta, sita, fïta, mita: this (at hand)
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	3. This (sy'aZa) is a house		3. This (sy'aZa) is a house

	4.That man (by you) is ~~Txen~~		4.That man (by you) is Txen

	5. This chair is wooden		5. This chair is wooden
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	2.) The friend is not Txen.		2.) The friend is not Txen.

	3.) The table is not ~~wooden~~		3.) The table is not wooden

	4.) That child is not Bhii's sister (sifen ~~suobhii~~'l)		4.) That child is not Bhii's sister (sifen suarbhii'l)

	5.) This house (where we stand) is not Txen's (suootxen)		5.) This house (where we stand) is not Txen's (suootxen)

	I.) mimi sh'amiil Za ~~suoobhii~~'		I.) mimi sy'amiil Za sy'en suarbhii'

	II.) mimi fïte fïji		II.) mimi fïte fïji
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	I.) That person (by you) is a man. II.) The table is wooden. III.) That is wood IV.) That (by you) is a house. V.) This (where we stand) is a city		I.) That person (by you) is a man. II.) The table is wooden. III.) That is wood IV.) That (by you) is a house. V.) This (where we stand) is a city

	1.) mimi sime te sit'is 2.) mimi sisuh sitxen 3.) mimi fïy'oa miji 4.) mimi sit'is Za sifen ~~suoobhii~~' 5.) mimi sy'amiił Za ~~suootxen~~		1.) mimi sime te sit'is 2.) mimi sisuh sitxen 3.) mimi fïy'oa miji 4.) mimi sit'is Za sifen suarbhii' 5.) mimi sy'amiił Za sy'en suałtxen
	I.) This house is not Bhii's. II.) That (by you) is not a branch. III.) The child is not a girl. IV.) That is not Txen V.) The house is not wooden.		I.) This house is not Bhii's. II.) That (by you) is not a branch. III.) The child is not a girl. IV.) That is not Txen V.) The house is not wooden.
	==Final notes==		==Final notes==

Waahlis: Waahlis moved page Lesson:Metin/1: Sounds and declarative sentences. to Lesson:Metin/1: Sounds and declarative sentences without leaving a redirect

2013-12-01T10:30:25Z

Waahlis moved page Lesson:Metin/1: Sounds and declarative sentences. to Lesson:Metin/1: Sounds and declarative sentences without leaving a redirect

← Older revision	Revision as of 10:30, 1 December 2013
(No difference)

Waahlis at 10:17, 1 December 2013

2013-12-01T10:17:49Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:17, 1 December 2013
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			{{lesson}}

	==The sounds of Metin==		==The sounds of Metin==
	Metin is famous among foreign learners for being the language "which knots the tongue and breaks the jaw." This reputation is not entirely undeserved, allthough the language does not confound learners with nonpulmonic consonants, it contains both retroflex, lateral, and palatal sounds, requiring much tongue acrobatics.		Metin is famous among foreign learners for being the language "which knots the tongue and breaks the jaw." This reputation is not entirely undeserved, allthough the language does not confound learners with nonpulmonic consonants, it contains both retroflex, lateral, and palatal sounds, requiring much tongue acrobatics.
Line 6:		Line 8:
	y is always pronounced as in "yes"		y is always pronounced as in "yes"

	w is pronounced with narrowed lips, sometimes sounding like a v.		w is pronounced with narrowed lips, sometimes sounding like a v.

	l is always pronounced as in "lake", never as in "cold" even at the end of words.		l is always pronounced as in "lake", never as in "cold" even at the end of words.
Line 14:		Line 16:
	s and z sound for the most part like english s and z, but occasionaly the s will be prounounced like the th in "think", and z the th in "the".		s and z sound for the most part like english s and z, but occasionaly the s will be prounounced like the th in "think", and z the th in "the".

	sy and zy sound like the sounds in "shop" and "treasure" respectively.		sy and zy sound like the sounds in "shop" and "treasure" respectively.

	S and Z sound similar to sh and zh, but they are pronounced with the tongue tapping the top of the mouth, like with r.		S and Z sound similar to sh and zh, but they are pronounced with the tongue tapping the top of the mouth, like with r.
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	ł is pronounced as in navajo or welsh. It sounds sort of like saying h and l at the same time.		ł is pronounced as in navajo or welsh. It sounds sort of like saying h and l at the same time.

	s', z', ś', , t', c', j', d', dh', jh', zh', n', y' and zyh' are lateral sounds. To pronounce lateral s', place the tip of the tongue at the base of the bottom teeth, and the middle of the tongue against the front teeth, then attempt to make an s sound. t', d', and dh' are pronounced in the same manner, only this time, completely block the airflow with your tongue to make a popping sound. sy' is peonounced like s', except the tongue is also raised in the middle, to make a y sound simultaneously. c', j', y', and their derivations are pronounced in the same manner. If your mouth is forced farther open than is comfortable trying to make these sounds, you're doing it right.		s', z', ś', , t', c', j', d', dh', jh', zh', n', y' and zyh' are lateral sounds. To pronounce lateral s', place the tip of the tongue at the base of the bottom teeth, and the middle of the tongue against the front teeth, then attempt to make an s sound. t', d', and dh' are pronounced in the same manner, only this time, completely block the airflow with your tongue to make a popping sound. sy' is peonounced like s', except the tongue is also raised in the middle, to make a y sound simultaneously. c', j', y', and their derivations are pronounced in the same manner. If your mouth is forced farther open than is comfortable trying to make these sounds, you're doing it right.

	===Vowels===		===Vowels===
Line 51:		Line 53:
	ë is pronounced as in "but"		ë is pronounced as in "but"

	ï is pronounced like the korean "ue",		ï is pronounced like the korean "ue",
	sort of like the english "look."		sort of like the english "look."

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	Vowels with an apostrophe are pronounced like they have a y' after them. aa' could just as easily be written aay'.		Vowels with an apostrophe are pronounced like they have a y' after them. aa' could just as easily be written aay'.

	Vowels written double are pronounced for twice as ~~long~~		Vowels written double are pronounced for twice as long
	"uu" takes twice as log to say as "u"		"uu" takes twice as log to say as "u"

Line 66:		Line 68:
	==Declarative sentences==		==Declarative sentences==
	Declarative sentences are by far the simplest element of Metin syntax. They are used to state that one noun is another, as in English "That is a fish."		Declarative sentences are by far the simplest element of Metin syntax. They are used to state that one noun is another, as in English "That is a fish."
	To translate such a sentence into Metin, first add "Dhaa", then the two nouns which are the same.		To translate such a sentence into Metin, first add "Dhaa", then the two nouns which are the same.

	Examples:		Examples:
Line 72:		Line 74:
	Dhaa sime sita		Dhaa sime sita

	DEC ~~person~~ this		DEC person this

	This is a person		This is a person
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	sy'aZa, sy'ata, sy'ate are used for nouns starting with sy'a, etc.		sy'aZa, sy'ata, sy'ate are used for nouns starting with sy'a, etc.
	==Practice==		==Practice==
	sime: person ~~sit~~'is: ~~child~~		sime: person sit'is: child
	sitxa: man, boy ~~sibhi~~: woman, girl		sitxa: man, boy sibhi: woman, girl
	sisuh: friend, fellow sifen: his/ her sister		sisuh: friend, fellow sifen: his/ her sister
	sitlen: his/her brother		sitlen: his/her brother
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	sy'aqum: garden, park		sy'aqum: garden, park

	fïy'oa: table fïji: branch, stick fïgoon: chair, ~~bench~~		fïy'oa: table fïji: branch, stick fïgoon: chair, bench

	miji: ~~wood~~		miji: wood

	ta, sita, fïta, mita: this (at hand)		ta, sita, fïta, mita: this (at hand)
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	2.) The friend is not Txen.		2.) The friend is not Txen.

	3.) The table is not ~~wooden~~		3.) The table is not wooden

	4.) That child is not Bhii's sister (sifen ~~suobhii~~'l)		4.) That child is not Bhii's sister (sifen suobhii'l)

	5.) This house (where we stand) is not Txen's (suootxen)		5.) This house (where we stand) is not Txen's (suootxen)
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	==Final notes==		==Final notes==
	Sometimes in declarative sentences the Dhaa is ommitted, and left to context, so frequently (particularily in informal conversations), you will here sentences like "fïy'oa miji" (the table is wooden) instead of "Dhaa fïy'oa miji".		Sometimes in declarative sentences the Dhaa is ommitted, and left to context, so frequently (particularily in informal conversations), you will here sentences like "fïy'oa miji" (the table is wooden) instead of "Dhaa fïy'oa miji".

			[[Category:Conlangs]][[Category:Metin]][[Category:Lessons]][[Category:Metin lessons]]

Waahlis: Waahlis moved page Metin lesson 1: Sounds and declarative sentences. to Lesson:Metin/1: Sounds and declarative sentences. without leaving a redirect

2013-12-01T10:15:55Z

Waahlis moved page Metin lesson 1: Sounds and declarative sentences. to Lesson:Metin/1: Sounds and declarative sentences. without leaving a redirect

← Older revision	Revision as of 10:15, 1 December 2013
(No difference)

Greatbuddha at 21:12, 27 November 2013

2013-11-27T21:12:51Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:12, 27 November 2013
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	s and z sound for the most part like english s and z, but occasionaly the s will be prounounced like the th in "think", and z the th in "the".		s and z sound for the most part like english s and z, but occasionaly the s will be prounounced like the th in "think", and z the th in "the".

	ś and ź sound like the sounds in "shop" and "treasure" respectively.		sy and zy sound like the sounds in "shop" and "treasure" respectively.

	S and Z sound similar to sh and zh, but they are pronounced with the tongue tapping the top of the mouth, like with r.		S and Z sound similar to sh and zh, but they are pronounced with the tongue tapping the top of the mouth, like with r.
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	The house is wooden		The house is wooden

	~~Here is some vocabulary:~~		===Demonstratives===
			Demonstratives are words like "this" or "that" in English. In Metin, the demonstratives follow the word.

			sime ta: this person

			sime Za: that person

			sime te: that person by you

			ta means "this", and is used to point out objects right at hand, within a few feet.

			Za means "that", and is used to point out things that though visible, are not nearby. It is also used to refer to the place you are standing in, e.g., sy'aDZao Za: this city (the one we are in), sy'amiil Za: this house (where we are talking).

			te means "by you", and is used to point out things next to the person you are talking to. Dhaa sitxen sitxa te would mean "txen is that man right by you."

			Notice that in declarative sentences, demonstratives must agree with what they describe. siZa, sita, site, are used for nouns starting with "si", which are usually people.

			Dhaa siZa sibhii': that is Bhii'.

			fïZa, fïta, fïte are used for nouns in "fï".

			Dhaa fïte fïygoon: that(by you) is a chair.

			sy'aZa, sy'ata, sy'ate are used for nouns starting with sy'a, etc.
			==Practice==
	sime: person sit'is: child		sime: person sit'is: child
	sitxa: man, boy sibhi: woman, girl		sitxa: man, boy sibhi: woman, girl
	sisuh: friend, fellow sifen: his/ her sister		sisuh: friend, fellow sifen: his/ her sister
	sitlen: his/her brother		sitlen: his/her brother
			sitxen: a name sibhii': a name

	sh'amiił: house, dwelling sh'aDZao: city		sy'amiił: house, dwelling sy'aDZao: city
	sh'aqum: garden, park		sy'aqum: garden, park

	fïy'oa: table fïji: branch, stick fïgoon: chair, bench		fïy'oa: table fïji: branch, stick fïgoon: chair, bench
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	te, site... :That by you		te, site... :That by you

	~~yałta: here~~
	~~yarZa: there~~
	~~yałte: by you~~
	===Translation practice===		===Translation practice===
	1.That ~~is a woman~~		1.That (siZa) is a woman

	~~2. The woman is a friend~~

	~~3. The friend is Bhii'~~ (~~translate as sibhii'~~)

	~~4. That by you~~ is a ~~man.~~

	~~5.The man is Txen (translate as sitxen)~~

	6. ~~The man~~ is Bhii'~~s brother (translate as sitlen suoobhii')~~		2. That woman is Bhii'

	7. ~~The woman is Txen~~'~~s sister.~~		3. This (sy'aZa) is a house
	~~(translate as sifen suootxen.~~)

	8. ~~This~~ is ~~a chair~~		4.That man (by you) is Txen

	9. ~~The~~ chair is wooden		5. This chair is wooden

	I.) Dhaa sime sitxa		I.) Dhaa sime te sitxa

	II.) Dhaa fïy'oa miji		II.) Dhaa fïy'oa miji
Line 149:		Line 161:

	===Translate===		===Translate===
	1.) ~~The~~ person is not a child.		1.) This person is not a child.

	2.) The friend is not Txen.		2.) The friend is not Txen.
Line 155:		Line 167:
	3.) The table is not wooden		3.) The table is not wooden

	4.) ~~The~~ child is not Bhii's sister (sifen suobhii'l		4.) That child is not Bhii's sister (sifen suobhii'l)

	5.) ~~The~~ house is not Txen's (suootxen)		5.) This house (where we stand) is not Txen's (suootxen)

	I.) mimi sh'amiil suoobhii'		I.) mimi sh'amiil Za suoobhii'

	II.) mimi fïte fïji		II.) mimi fïte fïji
Line 168:		Line 180:

	IV.) mimi sh'amiił miji		IV.) mimi sh'amiił miji
			==Answers==
			1.) Dhaa siZa sibhi 2.) Dhaa sibhi Za sibhii' 3.) Dhaa sy'aZa sy'amiił 4.) Dhaa site sitxen 5.) Dhaa fïgoon miji

			I.) That person (by you) is a man. II.) The table is wooden. III.) That is wood IV.) That (by you) is a house. V.) This (where we stand) is a city

			1.) mimi sime te sit'is 2.) mimi sisuh sitxen 3.) mimi fïy'oa miji 4.) mimi sit'is Za sifen suoobhii' 5.) mimi sy'amiił Za suootxen
			I.) This house is not Bhii's. II.) That (by you) is not a branch. III.) The child is not a girl. IV.) That is not Txen V.) The house is not wooden.
			==Final notes==
			Sometimes in declarative sentences the Dhaa is ommitted, and left to context, so frequently (particularily in informal conversations), you will here sentences like "fïy'oa miji" (the table is wooden) instead of "Dhaa fïy'oa miji".

Greatbuddha: Created page with "==The sounds of Metin== Metin is famous among foreign learners for being the language "which knots the tongue and breaks the jaw." This reputation is not entirely undeserved, ..."

2013-11-27T04:07:27Z

Created page with "==The sounds of Metin== Metin is famous among foreign learners for being the language "which knots the tongue and breaks the jaw." This reputation is not entirely undeserved, ..."

New page

==The sounds of Metin==
Metin is famous among foreign learners for being the language "which knots the tongue and breaks the jaw." This reputation is not entirely undeserved, allthough the language does not confound learners with nonpulmonic consonants, it contains both retroflex, lateral, and palatal sounds, requiring much tongue acrobatics.
===The consonants===
k, g, j, and m are the same as their english counterparts, nothing new here. (Allthough g is always pronounced as in "game", never as in "gem". The k is always aspirated as in "key", never unaspirated like in "sky".

y is always pronounced as in "yes"

w is pronounced with narrowed lips, sometimes sounding like a v.

l is always pronounced as in "lake", never as in "cold" even at the end of words.

r is pronounced with the tip of the tongue tapping the top of the mouth.

s and z sound for the most part like english s and z, but occasionaly the s will be prounounced like the th in "think", and z the th in "the".

ś and ź sound like the sounds in "shop" and "treasure" respectively.

S and Z sound similar to sh and zh, but they are pronounced with the tongue tapping the top of the mouth, like with r.

t and d are pronounced like in english , but with the tongue-tip touching the teeth rather than the alveolar ridge. Like k, t is always aspirated.

T and D are pronounced with the tongue touching the roof of the mouth, like in S, Z, and r. These sounds are considered to be retroflex. T is always aspirated, like t and k.

c is pronounced like the english ch in "cheese".

f is pronounced similar to the English f, but with narrowed lips, and no teeth, like if one wanted to blow out a candle.

q is an uvular fricative, like the french r. It sounds like a gargle.

h is always pronounced as in "hat" even if it is at the end of a word, like in "sisuh"

x is pronounced like the spanish j, like the h sound but raspier.

gh, jh, Dh, dh, bh, zh, źh, and Zh are all aspirated sounds. There is no equivalent in English. To pronounce gh, say g and h at the same time, like in "foghorn." bh is b and h at the same time, like in "cabhood" zh is z and h at the same time, etc

ł is pronounced as in navajo or welsh. It sounds sort of like saying h and l at the same time.

s', z', ś', , t', c', j', d', dh', jh', zh', n', y' and zyh' are lateral sounds. To pronounce lateral s', place the tip of the tongue at the base of the bottom teeth, and the middle of the tongue against the front teeth, then attempt to make an s sound. t', d', and dh' are pronounced in the same manner, only this time, completely block the airflow with your tongue to make a popping sound. sy' is peonounced like s', except the tongue is also raised in the middle, to make a y sound simultaneously. c', j', y', and their derivations are pronounced in the same manner. If your mouth is forced farther open than is comfortable trying to make these sounds, you're doing it right.

===Vowels===
i is pronouced as in "see"

a is pronouced as in "lot"

u is pronounced as in "food"

e is pronounced as in "let"

o is prnounced as in "road"

ë is pronounced as in "but"

ï is pronounced like the korean "ue",
sort of like the english "look."

æ is pronounced like the english "cat".

A is pronounced like english "caught" ( at least for some people).

Vowels with an apostrophe are pronounced like they have a y' after them. aa' could just as easily be written aay'.

Vowels written double are pronounced for twice as long
"uu" takes twice as log to say as "u"

There are no dipthongs, every vowel in a sequence is pronounced clearly
==Declarative sentences==
Declarative sentences are by far the simplest element of Metin syntax. They are used to state that one noun is another, as in English "That is a fish."
To translate such a sentence into Metin, first add "Dhaa", then the two nouns which are the same.

Examples:

Dhaa sime sita

DEC person this

This is a person

Dhaa sh'amiił miji

DEC house wood

The house is wooden

Here is some vocabulary:

sime: person sit'is: child
sitxa: man, boy sibhi: woman, girl
sisuh: friend, fellow sifen: his/ her sister
sitlen: his/her brother

sh'amiił: house, dwelling sh'aDZao: city
sh'aqum: garden, park

fïy'oa: table fïji: branch, stick fïgoon: chair, bench

miji: wood

ta, sita, fïta, mita: this (at hand)
Za, siZa, fïZa, miZa: that (nearby)
te, site... :That by you

yałta: here
yarZa: there
yałte: by you
===Translation practice===
1.That is a woman

2. The woman is a friend

3. The friend is Bhii' (translate as sibhii')

4. That by you is a man.

5.The man is Txen (translate as sitxen)

6. The man is Bhii's brother (translate as sitlen suoobhii')

7. The woman is Txen's sister.
(translate as sifen suootxen.)

8. This is a chair

9. The chair is wooden

I.) Dhaa sime sitxa

II.) Dhaa fïy'oa miji

III.) Dhaa miZa miji

IV.) Dhaa sh'ate sh'amiił

V.) Dhaa sh'aZa sh'aDZao

===Negative declarative===
To negate a declaritive, that is to say that something is not something else, replace "dhaa" with "mimi"

mimi fïZa fïy'oa

NEG that table

that is not a table.

mimi sime sisuh

NEG person friend

The person is not a friend.

===Translate===
1.) The person is not a child.

2.) The friend is not Txen.

3.) The table is not wooden

4.) The child is not Bhii's sister (sifen suobhii'l

5.) The house is not Txen's (suootxen)

I.) mimi sh'amiil suoobhii'

II.) mimi fïte fïji

III.) mimi sit'is sibhi

IV.) mimi siZa sitxen

IV.) mimi sh'amiił miji