Logun - Revision history

Jukethatbox at 12:42, 16 February 2026

2026-02-16T12:42:26Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:42, 16 February 2026
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	\| minority = Teš		\| minority = Teš
	}}		}}
	'''Logun'''(~~<small>Logun:</small>~~ ''ijànja logun'' [[IPA for Logun\|[iʑa.nʑa ˈlo.kʊ̃]]]) is an Upé language and the native language of the Logun people(''obela logun'') of Minūrun and Tibirotak. It is one of the official languages of and the most spoken language of Minūrun with 12.3 million speakers, making up around 33.5% of the 36,718,418 strong Minurese population, most of them situated in the north-east of the country. It is also a prominent language of the Minurese vassal of Tibirotak, where it is spoken by around 12.3% of the population primarily in the south-east.		'''Logun''' (''ijànja logun'' [[IPA for Logun\|[iʑa.nʑa ˈlo.kʊ̃]]]) is an Upé language and the native language of the Logun people (''obela logun'') of Minūrun and Tibirotak. It is one of the official languages of and the most spoken language of Minūrun with 12.3 million speakers, making up around 33.5% of the 36,718,418 strong Minurese population, most of them situated in the north-east of the country. It is also a prominent language of the Minurese vassal of Tibirotak, where it is spoken by around 12.3% of the population primarily in the south-east.

	Together, these traditionally Logun lands are called the ''Njalogun'';{{efn\|name=njalogun}} it is estimated that there are around 14,145,670 Logun people with around 78.1% who are monolingual Logun speakers; the highest rate of native monolingualism among all Minurese ethnic groups. Additionally, most bilingual Logun people are [[Teš\|Teški]], and thus only speak Teš, also an Upé language, in addition to Logun.		Together, these traditionally Logun lands are called the ''Njalogun'';{{efn\|name=njalogun}} it is estimated that there are around 14,145,670 Logun people with around 78.1% who are monolingual Logun speakers; the highest rate of native monolingualism among all Minurese ethnic groups. Additionally, most bilingual Logun people are [[Teš\|Teški]], and thus only speak Teš, also an Upé language, in addition to Logun.
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	Logun is part of the Upé language family, one of few remaining truly indigenous language families of Radael. Logun is the most spoken Upé language and the second most spoken language that is indigenous to Radael, after [[Ingdikh]], an Ontic language.		Logun is part of the Upé language family, one of few remaining truly indigenous language families of Radael. Logun is the most spoken Upé language and the second most spoken language that is indigenous to Radael, after [[Ingdikh]], an Ontic language.

	It is an official language of Minūrun(Logun: ''Minùnru'') and Tibirotak(''Idhibla'').		It is an official language of Minūrun (Logun: ''Minùnru'') and Tibirotak (''Idhibla'').
	===Usage in Teš===		===Usage in Teš===
	Logun is the only recognised minority language of the State of Teš; Logun monks make up around 12% of all Teški monks and make up around 60% of new Teški monks due to the high number of Teški Loguns.		Logun is the only recognised minority language of the State of Teš; Logun monks make up around 12% of all Teški monks and make up around 60% of new Teški monks due to the high number of Teški Loguns.

Jukethatbox: /* Noun case */

2025-06-08T12:00:28Z

Noun case

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:00, 8 June 2025
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	\|-		\|-
	! Dative		! Dative
	\| ''-yo'' \|\| ''bojukyo'' \|\| ''ennuyo'' \|\| ''ledenyo''{{efn\|Can be pronounced [[IPA for Logun\|[~~lɛˈdẽ.jo~~]]] or [[IPA for Logun\|[lɛˈdẽɲo]]].}} \|\| to sister/to tree/to afternoon		\| ''-yo'' \|\| ''bojukyo'' \|\| ''ennuyo'' \|\| ''ledenyo''{{efn\|Can be pronounced [[IPA for Logun\|[lɛˈdẽjo]]] or [[IPA for Logun\|[lɛˈdẽɲo]]].}} \|\| to sister/to tree/to afternoon
	\|-		\|-
	! Ablative		! Ablative

Jukethatbox at 11:40, 8 June 2025

2025-06-08T11:40:08Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:40, 8 June 2025
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	\| nativename = ijànja logun		\| nativename = ijànja logun
	\| pronunciation = iʑa.nʑa ˈlo.kʊ̃		\| pronunciation = iʑa.nʑa ˈlo.kʊ̃
			\| pronunciation_key = IPA for Logun
	\| creator = User:Jukethatbox		\| creator = User:Jukethatbox
	\| created = 2025		\| created = 2025
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	\| minority = Teš		\| minority = Teš
	}}		}}
	'''Logun'''(<small>Logun:</small> ''ijànja logun'' [[~~Help:~~IPA\|[iʑa.nʑa ˈlo.kʊ̃]]]) is an Upé language and the native language of the Logun people(''obela logun'') of Minūrun and Tibirotak. It is one of the official languages of and the most spoken language of Minūrun with 12.3 million speakers, making up around 33.5% of the 36,718,418 strong Minurese population, most of them situated in the north-east of the country. It is also a prominent language of the Minurese vassal of Tibirotak, where it is spoken by around 12.3% of the population primarily in the south-east.		'''Logun'''(<small>Logun:</small> ''ijànja logun'' [[IPA for Logun\|[iʑa.nʑa ˈlo.kʊ̃]]]) is an Upé language and the native language of the Logun people(''obela logun'') of Minūrun and Tibirotak. It is one of the official languages of and the most spoken language of Minūrun with 12.3 million speakers, making up around 33.5% of the 36,718,418 strong Minurese population, most of them situated in the north-east of the country. It is also a prominent language of the Minurese vassal of Tibirotak, where it is spoken by around 12.3% of the population primarily in the south-east.

	Together, these traditionally Logun lands are called the ''Njalogun'';{{efn\|name=njalogun}} it is estimated that there are around 14,145,670 Logun people with around 78.1% who are monolingual Logun speakers; the highest rate of native monolingualism among all Minurese ethnic groups. Additionally, most bilingual Logun people are [[Teš\|Teški]], and thus only speak Teš, also an Upé language, in addition to Logun.		Together, these traditionally Logun lands are called the ''Njalogun'';{{efn\|name=njalogun}} it is estimated that there are around 14,145,670 Logun people with around 78.1% who are monolingual Logun speakers; the highest rate of native monolingualism among all Minurese ethnic groups. Additionally, most bilingual Logun people are [[Teš\|Teški]], and thus only speak Teš, also an Upé language, in addition to Logun.
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	The following table shows these discrepancies and how they are pronounced in modern Logun.		The following table shows these discrepancies and how they are pronounced in modern Logun.
	{\| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"		{\| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
	! Graphemes !! [[~~Help:~~IPA\|IPA]] !! Examples		! Graphemes !! [[IPA for Logun\|IPA]] !! Examples
	\|-		\|-
	! k, g, q		! k, g, q
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	It has also been proposed that /ⁿʑ/ and /ⁿɕ/ are separate phonemes, such as in ''-nja'' "genitive case marker" and ''ja'' "what", though generally in these cases they are simply analysed as nasal-obstruent clusters.		It has also been proposed that /ⁿʑ/ and /ⁿɕ/ are separate phonemes, such as in ''-nja'' "genitive case marker" and ''ja'' "what", though generally in these cases they are simply analysed as nasal-obstruent clusters.

	/ɫ/ is an allophone of /l/ after velarised plosives(excluding /k/), as in ''bh'''l'''adh'' [[~~Help:~~IPA\|[pˠɫadˠ]]] "ancient".		/ɫ/ is an allophone of /l/ after velarised plosives(excluding /k/), as in ''bh'''l'''adh'' [[IPA for Logun\|[pˠɫadˠ]]] "ancient".

	===Vowels===		===Vowels===
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	\| a \|\| colspan=2 \|		\| a \|\| colspan=2 \|
	\|}		\|}
	Logun vowels contrast on nasality with oral and nasal vowels. These nasal vowels are generally orthographically represented by a proceeding ⟨n⟩; in the case of an oral vowel-nasal consonant cluster, the vowel is accented with a grave accent, for example ''den'' [[~~Help:~~IPA\|[ˈdẽ]]] "to move" vs ''dèn'' [[~~Help:~~IPA\|[ˈdɛn]]] "very". In the case of a nasal vowel-nasal consonant, the ⟨n⟩ is doubled, as in ''benun'' [[~~Help:~~IPA\|[pɛˈnʊ̃]]] "nut" vs ''bhenunn'' [[~~Help:~~IPA\|[ˈpˠɛnʊ̃n]]] "plateau".		Logun vowels contrast on nasality with oral and nasal vowels. These nasal vowels are generally orthographically represented by a proceeding ⟨n⟩; in the case of an oral vowel-nasal consonant cluster, the vowel is accented with a grave accent, for example ''den'' [[IPA for Logun\|[ˈdẽ]]] "to move" vs ''dèn'' [[IPA for Logun\|[ˈdɛn]]] "very". In the case of a nasal vowel-nasal consonant, the ⟨n⟩ is doubled, as in ''benun'' [[IPA for Logun\|[pɛˈnʊ̃]]] "nut" vs ''bhenunn'' [[IPA for Logun\|[ˈpˠɛnʊ̃n]]] "plateau".
	==Grammar==		==Grammar==
	===Pronouns===		===Pronouns===
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	\|-		\|-
	! Dative		! Dative
	\| ''-yo'' \|\| ''bojukyo'' \|\| ''ennuyo'' \|\| ''ledenyo''{{efn\|Can be pronounced [[~~Help:~~IPA\|[lɛˈdẽ.jo]]] or [[~~Help:~~IPA\|[lɛˈdẽɲo]]].}} \|\| to sister/to tree/to afternoon		\| ''-yo'' \|\| ''bojukyo'' \|\| ''ennuyo'' \|\| ''ledenyo''{{efn\|Can be pronounced [[IPA for Logun\|[lɛˈdẽ.jo]]] or [[IPA for Logun\|[lɛˈdẽɲo]]].}} \|\| to sister/to tree/to afternoon
	\|-		\|-
	! Ablative		! Ablative

Jukethatbox: /* Personal */

2025-06-08T11:30:08Z

Personal

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:30, 8 June 2025
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	\|-		\|-
	! fem.		! fem.
	\| ''mon'' \|\| ''sèna''		\| ''mon'', ''mun'' \|\| ''sèna''
	\|-		\|-
	! neut.		! neut.

Jukethatbox: /* Noun case */

2025-06-08T10:40:55Z

Noun case

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:40, 8 June 2025
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	\|-		\|-
	! Dative		! Dative
	\| ''-yo'' \|\| ''bojukyo'' \|\| ''ennuyo'' \|\| ''ledenyo''{{efn\|Can be pronounced [[Help:IPA\|[lɛˈdẽ.jo]]] or [[Help:IPA\|[~~lɛˈdɛɲo~~]]].}} \|\| to sister/to tree/to afternoon		\| ''-yo'' \|\| ''bojukyo'' \|\| ''ennuyo'' \|\| ''ledenyo''{{efn\|Can be pronounced [[Help:IPA\|[lɛˈdẽ.jo]]] or [[Help:IPA\|[lɛˈdẽɲo]]].}} \|\| to sister/to tree/to afternoon
	\|-		\|-
	! Ablative		! Ablative

Jukethatbox: /* Usage in Teš */

2025-05-27T08:13:02Z

Usage in Teš

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:13, 27 May 2025
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	Logun is the only recognised minority language of the State of Teš; Logun monks make up around 12% of all Teški monks and make up around 60% of new Teški monks due to the high number of Teški Loguns.		Logun is the only recognised minority language of the State of Teš; Logun monks make up around 12% of all Teški monks and make up around 60% of new Teški monks due to the high number of Teški Loguns.

	Within Teš, Logun-language masses~~{{efn\|[[Teš]]: ''Rhiskod'la Qumoq'' [[IPA for Teš\|[r̥iʃkə lə ɡumok]]]; Logun: ''logunja qumoq''}}~~ are held yearly by Logun monks for newer Logun monks who don't speak Teš well enough to understand ordinary Teš masses; however, the liturgical use of Logun is generally discouraged otherwise.		Within Teš, Logun-language masses are held yearly by Logun monks for newer Logun monks who don't speak Teš well enough to understand ordinary Teš masses; however, the liturgical use of Logun is generally discouraged otherwise.

	==Phonology==		==Phonology==

Jukethatbox at 08:12, 27 May 2025

2025-05-27T08:12:23Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:12, 27 May 2025
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	\| ancestor1 = Old Logun		\| ancestor1 = Old Logun
	\| ancestor2 = Bhladh		\| ancestor2 = Bhladh
	\| official = Minūrun, Tibirotak		\| official = [[File:Minūrun.png\|24px]] Minūrun, Tibirotak
	~~\| majority = Minūrun~~
	\| minority = Teš		\| minority = Teš
	}}		}}

Jukethatbox at 09:35, 17 April 2025

2025-04-17T09:35:00Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:35, 17 April 2025
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	\| imagecaption = ''Apisnja Logun''; the Logun flag		\| imagecaption = ''Apisnja Logun''; the Logun flag
	\| name = Logun		\| name = Logun
	\| nativename = ~~ija‘nja~~ logun		\| nativename = ijànja logun
	\| pronunciation = iʑa.nʑa ˈlo.kʊ̃		\| pronunciation = iʑa.nʑa ˈlo.kʊ̃
	\| creator = User:Jukethatbox		\| creator = User:Jukethatbox
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	\| minority = Teš		\| minority = Teš
	}}		}}
	'''Logun'''(<small>Logun:</small> ''~~ija‘nja~~ logun'' [[Help:IPA\|[iʑa.nʑa ˈlo.kʊ̃]]]) is an Upé language and the native language of the Logun people(''obela logun'') of Minūrun and Tibirotak. It is one of the official languages of and the most spoken language of Minūrun with 12.3 million speakers, making up around 33.5% of the 36,718,418 strong Minurese population, most of them situated in the north-east of the country. It is also a prominent language of the Minurese vassal of Tibirotak, where it is spoken by around 12.3% of the population primarily in the south-east.		'''Logun'''(<small>Logun:</small> ''ijànja logun'' [[Help:IPA\|[iʑa.nʑa ˈlo.kʊ̃]]]) is an Upé language and the native language of the Logun people(''obela logun'') of Minūrun and Tibirotak. It is one of the official languages of and the most spoken language of Minūrun with 12.3 million speakers, making up around 33.5% of the 36,718,418 strong Minurese population, most of them situated in the north-east of the country. It is also a prominent language of the Minurese vassal of Tibirotak, where it is spoken by around 12.3% of the population primarily in the south-east.

	Together, these traditionally Logun lands are called the ''Njalogun'';{{efn\|name=njalogun}} it is estimated that there are around 14,145,670 Logun people with around 78.1% who are monolingual Logun speakers; the highest rate of native monolingualism among all Minurese ethnic groups. Additionally, most bilingual Logun people are [[Teš\|Teški]], and thus only speak Teš, also an Upé language, in addition to Logun.		Together, these traditionally Logun lands are called the ''Njalogun'';{{efn\|name=njalogun}} it is estimated that there are around 14,145,670 Logun people with around 78.1% who are monolingual Logun speakers; the highest rate of native monolingualism among all Minurese ethnic groups. Additionally, most bilingual Logun people are [[Teš\|Teški]], and thus only speak Teš, also an Upé language, in addition to Logun.

Jukethatbox: /* Noun case */

2025-04-15T15:05:54Z

Noun case

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:05, 15 April 2025
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	\|-		\|-
	! Genitive		! Genitive
	\| ''-nja'', ''-'nja'', ''-ja'' \|\| ''bojuknja'' \|\| ''~~ennu'nja~~'' \|\| ''ledenja'' \|\| sister's/tree's/afternoon's		\| ''-nja'', ''-'nja'', ''-ja'' \|\| ''bojuknja'' \|\| ''ennùnja'' \|\| ''ledenja'' \|\| sister's/tree's/afternoon's
	\|-		\|-
	! Dative		! Dative
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	\| ''-a'', ''-da'', ''-dan'' \|\| ''bojuka'' \|\| ''ennuda'' \|\| ''ledendan'' \|\| at sister/at tree/at afternoon		\| ''-a'', ''-da'', ''-dan'' \|\| ''bojuka'' \|\| ''ennuda'' \|\| ''ledendan'' \|\| at sister/at tree/at afternoon
	\|}		\|}

	===Word order===		===Word order===
	Logun's word order changes based on the object of the sentence. For example, in nominative-accusative phrases, the word order is SVO:		Logun's word order changes based on the object of the sentence. For example, in nominative-accusative phrases, the word order is SVO:

Jukethatbox at 12:57, 13 April 2025

2025-04-13T12:57:28Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:57, 13 April 2025
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	\| name = Logun		\| name = Logun
	\| nativename = ija‘nja logun		\| nativename = ija‘nja logun
	\| pronunciation = ~~iz̠a~~.~~nz̠a~~ ˈlo.kʊ̃		\| pronunciation = iʑa.nʑa ˈlo.kʊ̃
	\| creator = User:Jukethatbox		\| creator = User:Jukethatbox
	\| created = 2025		\| created = 2025
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	\| minority = Teš		\| minority = Teš
	}}		}}
	'''Logun'''(<small>Logun:</small> ''ija‘nja logun'' [[Help:IPA\|[~~iz̠a~~.~~nz̠a~~ ˈlo.kʊ̃]]]) is an Upé language and the native language of the Logun people(''obela logun'') of Minūrun and Tibirotak. It is one of the official languages of and the most spoken language of Minūrun with 12.3 million speakers, making up around 33.5% of the 36,718,418 strong Minurese population, most of them situated in the north-east of the country. It is also a prominent language of the Minurese vassal of Tibirotak, where it is spoken by around 12.3% of the population primarily in the south-east.		'''Logun'''(<small>Logun:</small> ''ija‘nja logun'' [[Help:IPA\|[iʑa.nʑa ˈlo.kʊ̃]]]) is an Upé language and the native language of the Logun people(''obela logun'') of Minūrun and Tibirotak. It is one of the official languages of and the most spoken language of Minūrun with 12.3 million speakers, making up around 33.5% of the 36,718,418 strong Minurese population, most of them situated in the north-east of the country. It is also a prominent language of the Minurese vassal of Tibirotak, where it is spoken by around 12.3% of the population primarily in the south-east.

	Together, these traditionally Logun lands are called the ''Njalogun'';{{efn\|name=njalogun}} it is estimated that there are around 14,145,670 Logun people with around 78.1% who are monolingual Logun speakers; the highest rate of native monolingualism among all Minurese ethnic groups. Additionally, most bilingual Logun people are [[Teš\|Teški]], and thus only speak Teš, also an Upé language, in addition to Logun.		Together, these traditionally Logun lands are called the ''Njalogun'';{{efn\|name=njalogun}} it is estimated that there are around 14,145,670 Logun people with around 78.1% who are monolingual Logun speakers; the highest rate of native monolingualism among all Minurese ethnic groups. Additionally, most bilingual Logun people are [[Teš\|Teški]], and thus only speak Teš, also an Upé language, in addition to Logun.
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	==Phonology==		==Phonology==
			===Orthography===
			Logun uses an etymological orthography, based primarily on the phonology of Bhladh Logun. Therefore, Logun orthography does not entirely match up to modern Logun phonology; however, this is by grapheme-per-grapheme basis, and the differences are largely consistent.

			The following table shows these discrepancies and how they are pronounced in modern Logun.
			{\| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
			! Graphemes !! [[Help:IPA\|IPA]] !! Examples
			\|-
			! k, g, q
			\| /k/ \|\| ''lo'''g'''un'', '''''k'''a'', '''''q'''umo'''q'''''
			\|-
			! p, b
			\| /p/ \|\| '''''p'''ulùn'', ''enka'''b'''o''
			\|-
			! sh, ch, c
			\| /ɕ/ \|\| ''a'''sh'''i'''sh''''', '''''ch'''làn'', '''''c'''en''
			\|-
			! j, zh
			\| /ʑ/ \|\| ''i'''j'''a'', ''mi'''zh'''man''
			\|-
			! bh, ph
			\| /pˠ/ \|\| '''''bh'''enunn'', ''o'''ph'''ann''
			\|-
			! an, en
			\| /ẽ/ \|\| '''''en'''nu'', ''k'''an'''no''
			\|}
	===Consonants===		===Consonants===
	{\| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"		{\| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
	! colspan=2 \| !! Bilabial !! colspan=2 \| Alveolar !! colspan=2 \| ~~Post~~-~~alveolar~~ !! Palatal !! Velar		! colspan=2 \| !! Bilabial !! colspan=2 \| Alveolar !! colspan=2 \| Alveolo-palatal !! Palatal !! Velar
	\|-		\|-
	! rowspan=2 \| Stop		! rowspan=2 \| Stop
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	\|-		\|-
	! colspan=2 \| Fricative		! colspan=2 \| Fricative
	\| \|\| s \|\| z \|\| s̠ \|\| z̠ \|\| \|\| x		\| \|\| s \|\| z \|\| ɕ \|\| ʑ \|\| \|\| x
	\|-		\|-
	! colspan=2 \| Semivowels/Liquids		! colspan=2 \| Semivowels/Liquids
	\| \|\| colspan=2 \| l \|\| colspan=2 \| \|\| j \|\| (ɫ)		\| \|\| colspan=2 \| l \|\| colspan=2 \| \|\| j \|\| (ɫ)
	\|}		\|}
	It has also been proposed that /~~ⁿz̠~~/ and /~~ⁿs̠~~/ are separate phonemes, such as in ''-nja'' "genitive case marker" and ''ja'' "what", though generally in these cases they are simply analysed as nasal-obstruent clusters.		It has also been proposed that /ⁿʑ/ and /ⁿɕ/ are separate phonemes, such as in ''-nja'' "genitive case marker" and ''ja'' "what", though generally in these cases they are simply analysed as nasal-obstruent clusters.

	/ɫ/ is an allophone of /l/ after velarised plosives(excluding /k/), as in ''bh'''l'''adh'' [[Help:IPA\|[pˠɫadˠ]]] "ancient".		/ɫ/ is an allophone of /l/ after velarised plosives(excluding /k/), as in ''bh'''l'''adh'' [[Help:IPA\|[pˠɫadˠ]]] "ancient".