Modern Manish - Revision history

Andenor at 23:37, 24 February 2020

2020-02-24T23:37:39Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:37, 24 February 2020
Line 26:		Line 26:
	}}		}}

	'''Modern Manish''' (''kîndokâkosthev'' [ˌkɪn.doˌkɑ.kosˈθev]) is a language spoken in the fictional world of [[Verse:Aior\|Aior]]. It is the most widely spoken language on Aior, both by number of native speakers and by total number of speakers. Work on the language began in 2017, and it continues to be updated.		'''Modern Manish''' (''kîndokâkosthev'' [ˌkɪn.doˌkɑ.kosˈθev]) is a [[Manish Languages\|Manish]] language spoken in the fictional world of [[Verse:Aior\|Aior]]. It is the most widely spoken language on Aior, both by number of native speakers and by total number of speakers. Work on the language began in 2017, and it continues to be updated.

	==Introduction==		==Introduction==

	Modern Manish as a native language is spoken primarily in Cartondin and Terithius. In addition, there is a group of Katorian pirates that use it. In addition to its use as a native language, the prominence of Cartondin in the world as a military and economic power has led to the use of Manish as a lingua franca in many interactions by educated people from nearly all nations. Typically, this usage is heavily influenced by the native language of the speaker.		Modern Manish as a native language is spoken primarily in [[Verse:Aior/Cartondin\|Cartondin]] and [[Verse:Aior/Terithius\|Terithius]]. In addition, there is a group of [[Verse:Aior/Katorias\|Katorian]] pirates that use it. In addition to its use as a native language, the prominence of Cartondin in the world as a military and economic power has led to the use of Manish as a lingua franca in many interactions by educated people from nearly all nations. Typically, this usage is heavily influenced by the native language of the speaker.

	===Origin===		===Origin===

	The Modern Manish language as spoken in Cartondin and Terithius traces its origins back to [[Old Manish]], which in turn derives from [[Ancient Manish]], one of the five languages given to Aior by the gods near the time of the creation. Since then, several languages have branched off from the original tongue, but none has such a large group of speakers as Modern Manish.		The Modern Manish language as spoken in Cartondin and Terithius traces its origins back to [[Old Manish]], which in turn derives from [[Ancient Manish]], one of the five languages given to Aior by the gods near the time of the [[Verse:Aior/Creation\|creation]]. Since then, several languages have branched off from the original tongue, but none has such a large group of speakers as Modern Manish.
	Over the course of just over two thousand years, various groups have used Manish either as a native language or even more commonly as a lingua franca. This has led to the simplification of many of the morphological and phonological features of the language.
			Over the course of just over two thousand years, various groups have used Manish either as a native language or even more commonly as a [[w:Lingua franca\|lingua franca]]. This has led to the simplification of many of the morphological and phonological features of the language.

	===Typology===		===Typology===

	Some of the typological features of Modern Manish include:		Some of the typological features of Modern Manish include:
	*The phoneme inventory consists of fifteen consonants and seven vowels.		*The [[w:Phoneme\|phoneme]] inventory consists of fifteen consonants and seven vowels.
	*Syllable structure is fairly simple. Every vowel is considered the nucleus of its own syllable, optionally followed by a consonant and optionally preceded by a consonant or a cluster consisting of a stop, /v/, or /s/ and a liquid.		*[[w:Syllable\|Syllable]] structure is fairly simple. Every [[w:Vowel\|vowel]] is considered the nucleus of its own syllable, optionally followed by a [[w:Consonant\|consonant]] and optionally preceded by a consonant or a cluster consisting of a [[w:Stop consonant\|stop]], /v/, or /s/ and a [[w:Liquid consonant\|liquid]].
	*The basic constituent order is ~~Subject -- Verb -- Object~~. The language is almost entirely head-initial.		*The basic [[w:Word order\|constituent order]] is [[w:subject–verb–object\|subject–verb–object]]. The language is almost entirely [[w:Head-directionality parameter\|head-initial]].
	*The language is mostly agglutinative, but there are also a few fusional aspects.		*The language is mostly [[w:Agglutinative language\|agglutinative]], but there are also a few [[w:Fusional language\|fusional]] aspects.
	*Verbs are inflected for gender of the subject, tense/aspect, mood, and voice. Each element is marked with an agglutinative prefix.		*[[w:Verb\|Verbs]] are [[w:Inflection\|inflected]] for [[w:Grammatical gender\|gender]] of the subject, [[w:Grammatical tense\|tense]]/[[w:Grammatical aspect\|aspect]], [[w:Grammatical mood\|mood]], and [[w:Voice (grammar)\|voice]]. Each element is marked with an agglutinative [[w:Prefix\|prefix]].
	*Nouns and pronouns are marked for gender and number but not for case.		*[[w:Noun\|Nouns]] and [[w:Pronoun\|pronouns]] are marked for gender and [[w:Grammatical number\|number]] but not for [[w:Grammatical case\|case]].

	===Changes since Old Manish===		===Changes since Old Manish===

	Partly due to its usage as an international lingua franca, Modern Manish has lost much of the complexity of the Old Manish verbal and nominal systems. However, it has also innovated various new features. Phonetically, it is one of the more conservative Manish languages. A list of various changes and innovations includes:		Partly due to its usage as an international lingua franca, Modern Manish has lost much of the complexity of the Old Manish verbal and nominal systems. However, it has also innovated various new features. Phonetically, it is one of the more conservative Manish languages. A list of various changes and innovations includes:
	#Change of unmarked constituent order from ~~Subject-Object-Verb~~ to ~~Subject-Verb-Object~~		#Change of unmarked constituent order from [[w:subject–object–verb\|subject–object–verb]] to subject–verb–object
	#Loss of vowel length		#Loss of [[w:vowel length\|vowel length]]
	#Loss of /ə/ in all positions		#Loss of /ə/ in all positions
	#Debuccalization of /f/ to /h/ followed by loss of /h/ in all positions		#[[w:debuccalization\|Debuccalization]] of /f/ to /h/ followed by loss of /h/ in all positions
	#Redistribution of the phonemes /ɾ/ and /l/		#Redistribution of the phonemes /ɾ/ and /l/
	#Simplification of syllable structure		#Simplification of syllable structure
	#Regularization of syntax such that the language is almost entirely head-initial		#Regularization of [[w:Syntax\|syntax]] such that the language is almost entirely head-initial
	#Loss of the dual marker in all but the most formal speech and the Royal dialect		#Loss of the [[w:Dual number\|dual]] marker in all but the most formal speech and the Royal dialect
	#Development of the prepositions ''perte'' and ''perite'' 'of' to replace the older construct state		#Development of the [[w:Preposition and postposition\|prepositions]] ''perte'' and ''perite'' 'of' to replace the older [[w:Construct state\|construct state]]
	#Loss of the construct state except in very formal speech and the Royal dialect		#Loss of the construct state except in very formal speech and the Royal dialect
	#Reanalysis of the definite state marker ''ra-'' as a definite article ''la''		#Reanalysis of the definite state marker ''ra-'' as a definite [[w:Article (grammar)\|article]] ''la''
	#Change of most postpositions to prepositions following loss of the construct state		#Change of most postpositions to prepositions following loss of the construct state
	#Loss of case on nouns and the simplification of case on pronouns		#Loss of case on nouns and the simplification of case on pronouns
	#Change of the remote and recent past tenses into past perfective and past imperfective		#Change of the [[w:Past tense\|remote and recent past tenses]] into past [[w:Perfective aspect\|perfective]] and past [[w:Imperfective aspect\|imperfective]]
	#Reduplication of the past perfective to produce a habitual aspect		#[[w:Reduplication\|Reduplication]] of the past perfective to produce a [[w:Habitual aspect\|habitual aspect]]
	#Change of the middle voice prefix ''pef-'' to mean passive and loss of older ''tôqâ-''		#Change of the middle voice prefix ''pef-'' to mean [[w:Passive voice\|passive]] and loss of older ''tôqâ-''
	#Use of particle ''po'' (from Old Manish ''pô'' 'yes') to ask questions		#Use of [[w:Grammatical particle\|particle]] ''po'' (from Old Manish ''pô'' 'yes') to ask questions

	===Major dialects===		===Major dialects===
Line 74:		Line 75:
	====Cartondish====		====Cartondish====

	The Cartondish dialect (more specifically, the dialect as spoken in Rowesburg and surrounding areas) is typically considered the standard. As such, except when otherwise noted, descriptions of the language in this work refer specifically to the Cartondish dialect. While most common people write the way they pronounce words, scholars and other trained writers typically follow Cartondish orthography.		The Cartondish dialect (more specifically, the dialect as spoken in [[Verse:Aior/Rowesburg\|Rowesburg]] and surrounding areas) is typically considered the standard. As such, except when otherwise noted, descriptions of the language in this work refer specifically to the Cartondish dialect. While most common people write the way they pronounce words, scholars and other trained writers typically follow Cartondish orthography.

	====Royal====		====Royal====
Line 82:		Line 83:
	====Terithian====		====Terithian====

	The Terithian dialect is mostly very similar to the Cartondish dialect, but it has typically been more open to external influences. Relations with Aidenvelle have opened the way for many of the sound changes of Aiden to begin to affect Terithian Manish as well, particularly those that have affected the pronunciation of diphthongs. Some Terithians may not pronounce syllable-final nasals, instead nasalizing and slightly lengthening preceding vowels.		The Terithian dialect is mostly very similar to the Cartondish dialect, but it has typically been more open to external influences. Relations with [[Verse:Aior/Aidenvelle\|Aidenvelle]] have opened the way for many of the sound changes of [[Aiden]] to begin to affect Terithian Manish as well, particularly those that have affected the pronunciation of [[w:Diphthong\|diphthongs]]. Some Terithians may not pronounce syllable-final nasals, instead [[w:Nasalization\|nasalizing]] and slightly lengthening preceding vowels.

	====Southern====		====Southern====

	The Southern dialect is characterized by heavy use of loanwords and calques from other languages, especially the various Manish and Elvish languages of Katorias. This dialect tends to be very innovative, but due to its perceived lack of prestige most of its innovations never carry back to the other dialects, making it at times difficult to understand. Despite this, it is generally still considered to be a dialect of Modern Manish as it has been shown that speakers of Southern Manish can understand the other dialects very well. Phonologically, the Southern dialect is simpler than other dialects. /a/ and /ɑ/ have merged into /a/, and /i/ and /ɪ/ have merged into /i/. /θ/ is pronounced by some speakers as a dental stop, but others pronounce it as [t], losing the phonemic distinction. Speakers who use a dental stop often pronounce /t/ as post-alveolar. In addition, Southern speakers sometimes aspirate voiceless stops.		The Southern dialect is characterized by heavy use of loanwords and calques from other languages, especially the various Manish and Elvish languages of Katorias. This dialect tends to be very innovative, but due to its perceived lack of prestige most of its innovations never carry back to the other dialects, making it at times difficult to understand. Despite this, it is generally still considered to be a dialect of Modern Manish as it has been shown that speakers of Southern Manish can understand the other dialects very well. Phonologically, the Southern dialect is simpler than other dialects. /a/ and /ɑ/ have merged into /a/, and /i/ and /ɪ/ have merged into /i/. /θ/ is pronounced by some speakers as a dental stop, but others pronounce it as [t], losing the phonemic distinction. Speakers who use a dental stop often pronounce /t/ as post-alveolar. In addition, Southern speakers sometimes [[w:Aspirated consonant\|aspirate]] voiceless stops.

	<!-- *Phonology* -->		<!-- *Phonology* -->

Andenor: /* Gender */ Italics added

2020-02-24T23:15:31Z

Gender: Italics added

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:15, 24 February 2020
Line 203:		Line 203:

	====Gender====		====Gender====
	All Manish nouns belong either to the masculine or the feminine gender. On native Manish nouns, this is usually indicated by the presence of a final -o or -i for masculine and feminine, respectively. The gender of a noun ~~does not affect its morphology, but it does require~~ adjective and verb agreement. Nouns borrowed from other languages may or may not end in -o or -i. Typically, if a noun was borrowed that already ended in -o or -i, it simply took the respective gender. Nouns that did not end in -o or -i are unpredictable. Some have since had -o or -i appended, belonging to the respective gender. This is especially common when there was a semantic connection between the word and a masculine or feminine referent. However, in other cases the original ending is kept intact. Most often, these words are considered masculine, but there are many exceptions.		All Manish nouns belong either to the masculine or the feminine gender. On native Manish nouns, this is usually indicated by the presence of a final ''-o'' or ''-i'' for masculine and feminine, respectively. The gender of a noun affects adjective and verb agreement. Nouns borrowed from other languages may or may not end in ''-o'' or ''-i''. Typically, if a noun was borrowed that already ended in ''-o'' or ''-i'', it simply took the respective gender. Nouns that did not end in ''-o'' or ''-i'' are unpredictable. Some have since had ''-o'' or ''-i'' appended, belonging to the respective gender. This is especially common when there was a semantic connection between the word and a masculine or feminine referent. However, in other cases the original ending is kept intact. Most often, these words are considered masculine, but there are many exceptions.

	====Number====		====Number====

Andenor: /* Syllable structure */ Corrected slight mistake

2020-02-24T23:14:17Z

Syllable structure: Corrected slight mistake

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:14, 24 February 2020
Line 193:		Line 193:
	The only allowed consonant clusters in Modern Manish are /s/, /v/, or a plosive followed by a liquid. The only exceptions are the clusters /dl/ and /tl/, which never occur. These clusters are found only in syllable onsets.		The only allowed consonant clusters in Modern Manish are /s/, /v/, or a plosive followed by a liquid. The only exceptions are the clusters /dl/ and /tl/, which never occur. These clusters are found only in syllable onsets.
	====Syllable structure====		====Syllable structure====
	The syllable structure in Modern Manish is simple. Every syllable consists of a vowel or diphthong, optionally preceded by a consonant or allowed cluster and optionally followed by a single non-stop consonant other than /r/.		The syllable structure in Modern Manish is simple. Every syllable consists of a vowel or diphthong, optionally preceded by a consonant or allowed cluster and optionally followed by a single non-stop consonant other than /ɾ/.

	In most cases, a sequence of two vowels is considered to consist of two syllables. However, if one of the two vowels is /ɪ/, it is pronounced as [j], and the sequence is considered a diphthong.		In most cases, a sequence of two vowels is considered to consist of two syllables. However, if one of the two vowels is /ɪ/, it is pronounced as [j], and the sequence is considered a diphthong.

Andenor: /* Number */ Corrected a spelling mistake

2020-02-24T23:13:00Z

Number: Corrected a spelling mistake

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:13, 24 February 2020
Line 206:		Line 206:

	====Number====		====Number====
	Manish nouns without modification are typically singular. In order to pluralize a noun ending in a vowel, it is simply necessary to add the suffix -n. If the word ends in /m/ or a liquid, it is replaced by an -n. If the word ends in a fricative, -en is appended. No words end in stops. Words that already end in -n in the singular have identical singular and plural forms, and context or an explicit number is required to disambiguate it.		Manish nouns without modification are typically singular. In order to pluralize a noun ending in a vowel, it is simply necessary to add the suffix ''-n''. If the word ends in /m/ or a liquid, it is replaced by an ''-n''. If the word ends in a fricative, ''-en'' is appended. No words end in stops. Words that already end in ''-n'' in the singular have identical singular and plural forms, and context or an explicit number is required to disambiguate it.

	Old Manish had a dual marker, ''-qim'', which is reflected in Modern Manish as ''-~~kin~~''. However, it is not commonly used except in the Royal dialect and with a few words that naturally come in pairs, such as eyes. Because the Old Manish form began with a uvular, vowels often undergo ablaut when this suffix is used. Since this form only exists for a few nouns, they are typically considered irregular.		Old Manish had a dual marker, ''-qim'', which is reflected in Modern Manish as ''-kîn''. However, it is not commonly used except in the Royal dialect and with a few words that naturally come in pairs, such as eyes. Because the Old Manish form began with a uvular, vowels often undergo ablaut when this suffix is used. Since this form only exists for a few nouns, they are typically considered irregular.

	Old Manish also had a collective marker ''-kale'', which has fallen out of use in all standard dialects of Modern Manish. However, a few standard Modern Manish words derive historically from this form. For example, ''brîkale'' 'council of gods' from ''brîko'' 'a god'. These forms are typically irregular in meaning.		Old Manish also had a collective marker ''-kale'', which has fallen out of use in all standard dialects of Modern Manish. However, a few standard Modern Manish words derive historically from this form. For example, ''brîkale'' 'council of gods' from ''brîko'' 'a god'. These forms are typically irregular in meaning.

Andenor: /* Syllable Structure */ corrected capitalization

2020-02-24T23:11:32Z

Syllable Structure: corrected capitalization

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:11, 24 February 2020
Line 192:		Line 192:
	====Consonant clusters====		====Consonant clusters====
	The only allowed consonant clusters in Modern Manish are /s/, /v/, or a plosive followed by a liquid. The only exceptions are the clusters /dl/ and /tl/, which never occur. These clusters are found only in syllable onsets.		The only allowed consonant clusters in Modern Manish are /s/, /v/, or a plosive followed by a liquid. The only exceptions are the clusters /dl/ and /tl/, which never occur. These clusters are found only in syllable onsets.
	====Syllable ~~Structure~~====		====Syllable structure====
	The syllable structure in Modern Manish is simple. Every syllable consists of a vowel or diphthong, optionally preceded by a consonant or allowed cluster and optionally followed by a single non-stop consonant other than /r/.		The syllable structure in Modern Manish is simple. Every syllable consists of a vowel or diphthong, optionally preceded by a consonant or allowed cluster and optionally followed by a single non-stop consonant other than /r/.

Andenor: Added section on augmentative and diminutive suffixes. Also corrected capitalization of section titles.

2020-02-24T23:11:06Z

Added section on augmentative and diminutive suffixes. Also corrected capitalization of section titles.

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:11, 24 February 2020
Line 47:		Line 47:
	*Nouns and pronouns are marked for gender and number but not for case.		*Nouns and pronouns are marked for gender and number but not for case.

	===Changes ~~Since~~ Old Manish===		===Changes since Old Manish===

	Partly due to its usage as an international lingua franca, Modern Manish has lost much of the complexity of the Old Manish verbal and nominal systems. However, it has also innovated various new features. Phonetically, it is one of the more conservative Manish languages. A list of various changes and innovations includes:		Partly due to its usage as an international lingua franca, Modern Manish has lost much of the complexity of the Old Manish verbal and nominal systems. However, it has also innovated various new features. Phonetically, it is one of the more conservative Manish languages. A list of various changes and innovations includes:
Line 68:		Line 68:
	#Use of particle ''po'' (from Old Manish ''pô'' 'yes') to ask questions		#Use of particle ''po'' (from Old Manish ''pô'' 'yes') to ask questions

	===Major ~~Dialects~~===		===Major dialects===

	There are four major dialects of Modern Manish. Cartondish, the dialect of the majority of Cartondin, is by far the most spoken, but it is also the most divided. The Royal dialect is the form of the language spoken by the Royal Family of Cartondin as well as the dialect affected by those in the presence of royalty. The Terithian dialect is spoken by the majority of Terithius, the smaller country to the east of Cartondin. The Southern dialect is spoken by pirates from Katorias.		There are four major dialects of Modern Manish. Cartondish, the dialect of the majority of Cartondin, is by far the most spoken, but it is also the most divided. The Royal dialect is the form of the language spoken by the Royal Family of Cartondin as well as the dialect affected by those in the presence of royalty. The Terithian dialect is spoken by the majority of Terithius, the smaller country to the east of Cartondin. The Southern dialect is spoken by pirates from Katorias.
Line 190:		Line 190:

	===Phonotactics===		===Phonotactics===
	====Consonant ~~Clusters~~====		====Consonant clusters====
	The only allowed consonant clusters in Modern Manish are /s/, /v/, or a plosive followed by a liquid. The only exceptions are the clusters /dl/ and /tl/, which never occur. These clusters are found only in syllable onsets.		The only allowed consonant clusters in Modern Manish are /s/, /v/, or a plosive followed by a liquid. The only exceptions are the clusters /dl/ and /tl/, which never occur. These clusters are found only in syllable onsets.
	====Syllable Structure====		====Syllable Structure====
Line 211:		Line 211:

	Old Manish also had a collective marker ''-kale'', which has fallen out of use in all standard dialects of Modern Manish. However, a few standard Modern Manish words derive historically from this form. For example, ''brîkale'' 'council of gods' from ''brîko'' 'a god'. These forms are typically irregular in meaning.		Old Manish also had a collective marker ''-kale'', which has fallen out of use in all standard dialects of Modern Manish. However, a few standard Modern Manish words derive historically from this form. For example, ''brîkale'' 'council of gods' from ''brîko'' 'a god'. These forms are typically irregular in meaning.

			====Augmentative and diminutive suffixes====
			Only one diminutive suffix and one augmentative suffix remain common in every modern dialect of Manish. The endings are dependent on the gender of the noun. Masculine nouns take the suffix ''-rono'' for diminutives and ''-ro'' for augmentatives. Feminine nouns take ''-rini'' for diminutives and ''-ri'' for augmentatives. These suffixes can only be applied to native Manish nouns and loan nouns that have been assimilated with an ''-o'' or ''-i'' ending. There are also some dialect-specific augmentatives and diminutives.

	<!-- Here are some example subcategories:		<!-- Here are some example subcategories:

Andenor: /* Origin */

2020-02-24T23:05:33Z

Origin

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:05, 24 February 2020
Line 34:		Line 34:
	===Origin===		===Origin===

	The Modern Manish language as spoken in Cartondin and Terithius traces its origins back to Old Manish, one of the five languages given to Aior by the gods near the time of the creation. Since then, several languages have branched off from the original tongue, but none has such a large group of speakers as Modern Manish.		The Modern Manish language as spoken in Cartondin and Terithius traces its origins back to [[Old Manish]], which in turn derives from [[Ancient Manish]], one of the five languages given to Aior by the gods near the time of the creation. Since then, several languages have branched off from the original tongue, but none has such a large group of speakers as Modern Manish.
	Over the course of just over two thousand years, various groups have used Manish either as a native language or even more commonly as a lingua franca. This has led to the simplification of many of the morphological and phonological features of the language.		Over the course of just over two thousand years, various groups have used Manish either as a native language or even more commonly as a lingua franca. This has led to the simplification of many of the morphological and phonological features of the language.

Andenor: Added Noun morphology section

2020-02-18T23:09:35Z

Added Noun morphology section

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:09, 18 February 2020
Line 197:		Line 197:
	In most cases, a sequence of two vowels is considered to consist of two syllables. However, if one of the two vowels is /ɪ/, it is pronounced as [j], and the sequence is considered a diphthong.		In most cases, a sequence of two vowels is considered to consist of two syllables. However, if one of the two vowels is /ɪ/, it is pronounced as [j], and the sequence is considered a diphthong.

	~~===Morphophonology===~~
	==Morphology==		==Morphology==
	<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. -->		<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. -->
			===Nouns===
			Compared to the nouns of Old Manish, Modern Manish noun morphology has been heavily simplified over the course of time. The old dual marker has been all but lost in most dialects, and case marking has been lost. The Old Manish collective suffix is no longer productive, but continues to be used on a few nouns. In all but the Royal dialect and a few fixed phrases, the construct state has also been lost. Marking on nouns is now limited to gender, number, and augmentatives or diminutives.

			====Gender====
			All Manish nouns belong either to the masculine or the feminine gender. On native Manish nouns, this is usually indicated by the presence of a final -o or -i for masculine and feminine, respectively. The gender of a noun does not affect its morphology, but it does require adjective and verb agreement. Nouns borrowed from other languages may or may not end in -o or -i. Typically, if a noun was borrowed that already ended in -o or -i, it simply took the respective gender. Nouns that did not end in -o or -i are unpredictable. Some have since had -o or -i appended, belonging to the respective gender. This is especially common when there was a semantic connection between the word and a masculine or feminine referent. However, in other cases the original ending is kept intact. Most often, these words are considered masculine, but there are many exceptions.

			====Number====
			Manish nouns without modification are typically singular. In order to pluralize a noun ending in a vowel, it is simply necessary to add the suffix -n. If the word ends in /m/ or a liquid, it is replaced by an -n. If the word ends in a fricative, -en is appended. No words end in stops. Words that already end in -n in the singular have identical singular and plural forms, and context or an explicit number is required to disambiguate it.

			Old Manish had a dual marker, ''-qim'', which is reflected in Modern Manish as ''-kin''. However, it is not commonly used except in the Royal dialect and with a few words that naturally come in pairs, such as eyes. Because the Old Manish form began with a uvular, vowels often undergo ablaut when this suffix is used. Since this form only exists for a few nouns, they are typically considered irregular.

			Old Manish also had a collective marker ''-kale'', which has fallen out of use in all standard dialects of Modern Manish. However, a few standard Modern Manish words derive historically from this form. For example, ''brîkale'' 'council of gods' from ''brîko'' 'a god'. These forms are typically irregular in meaning.

	<!-- Here are some example subcategories:		<!-- Here are some example subcategories:

Andenor: Added to category 'A priori'

2020-02-18T22:40:59Z

Added to category 'A priori'

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:40, 18 February 2020
Line 231:		Line 231:
	[[Category:Languages]]		[[Category:Languages]]
	[[Category:Conlangs]]		[[Category:Conlangs]]
			[[Category:A priori]]

Andenor: bolded title

2020-02-17T22:54:50Z

bolded title

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:54, 17 February 2020
Line 26:		Line 26:
	}}		}}

	Modern Manish (''kîndokâkosthev'' [ˌkɪn.doˌkɑ.kosˈθev]) is a language spoken in the fictional world of [[Verse:Aior\|Aior]]. It is the most widely spoken language on Aior, both by number of native speakers and by total number of speakers. Work on the language began in 2017, and it continues to be updated.		'''Modern Manish''' (''kîndokâkosthev'' [ˌkɪn.doˌkɑ.kosˈθev]) is a language spoken in the fictional world of [[Verse:Aior\|Aior]]. It is the most widely spoken language on Aior, both by number of native speakers and by total number of speakers. Work on the language began in 2017, and it continues to be updated.

	==Introduction==		==Introduction==