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wikt>Sinonquoi at 18:39, 13 August 2025

2025-08-13T18:39:07Z

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-- TODO: long í support
-- TODO: sort out short e vs palatalisation
-- TODO: add rule for CẹC = CyaC

local u = require("Module:string/char")
local gsub = mw.ustring.gsub

local export = {}

-- defined below
local invalid_vowel_combination

local khatma = '۔'
local question_mark = '؟'

local vav = 'و'
local ye = 'ی'
local alif = 'ا'
local he = 'ہ'
local docheshm = u(0x06BE)

local re = 'ر'
local nun = 'ن'

local vw_s_cfu = u(0x0650) -- pesh (i)
local vw_s_ccu = u(0x0655) -- hamza below
local vw_s_cbr = u(0x064F) -- zer (u)
local vw_s_mcu = u(0x0654) -- hamza above
local vw_s_ocu = u(0x064E) -- zabar (a)

local vw_l_cbr = u(0x0657) -- inverted zer
local vw_l_cfu = u(0x0656) -- subscript alif

local hat = u(0x065A) -- V
local inverted_hat = u(0x065B) -- inverted V
local hats = hat .. inverted_hat

local short_vowels_list = vw_s_cfu .. vw_s_ccu .. vw_s_cbr .. vw_s_mcu .. vw_s_ocu

-- carrier + diacritic combos
local long_u = vav .. vw_l_cbr
local short_o = vav .. inverted_hat
local long_i = ye .. vw_l_cfu
local short_ye = ye .. inverted_hat

local vocalised_carrier = long_u .. short_o .. long_i .. short_ye .. 'ێ' .. 'ۆ' .. 'اٟ' .. 'ۄ'
local standalone_carrier = long_u .. short_o .. long_i .. short_ye .. 'ۆ' .. 'ێ' .. 'ۆ' .. 'اٟ' .. 'ۄ'
local palatalisers = "ۍؠ"

local consonants = "بپتٹجچدڈرڑزژسشفکگلمنهھےثحخذصضطظعغقۍۄیٲآ"
local consonants_latn = "bptṭsjchxdḍzrċsśzʿġfqkglmnhv"

local conv = {
-- consonants
['ب'] = 'b', ['پ'] = 'p', ['ت'] = 't', ['ٹ'] = 'ṭ', ['ث'] = 's',
['ج'] = 'j', ['چ'] = 'c', ['ح'] = 'h', ['خ'] = 'kh',
['د'] = 'd', ['ڈ'] = 'ḍ', ['ذ'] = 'z',
['ر'] = 'r', ['ڑ'] = 'ḍ', ['ز'] = 'z', ['ژ'] = 'ċ',
['س'] = 's', ['ش'] = 'ś', ['ص'] = 's', ['ض'] = 'z',
['ط'] = 't', ['ظ'] = 'z',
['ع'] = 'ʿ', ['غ'] = 'ġ',
['ف'] = 'f', ['ق'] = 'q',
['ک'] = 'k', ['گ'] = 'g',
['ل'] = 'l', ['م'] = 'm', ['ن'] = 'n',
['ہ'] = 'h', ['ھ'] = 'h',

-- Why is this separate?
['خ'] = 'kh',

-- always word-final
['ے'] = 'y',

-- short e to be treated separately

-- incorrect palatalisation marker
['ۍ'] = '\'',

-- broken/open vowels
-- confirm if there are other use cases for these two
['ۄ'] = 'ọ', ['ؠ'] = 'ẹ', -- optionally ẹ = ya or used at the end to indicate palatalisation

-- a carries long vowels
['ٲ'] = 'ạ̄', ['آ'] = 'ā',

['یٖ'] = 'ī', ['اٟ'] = 'ụ̄',

-- vowels
['ۆ'] = 'o', ['ێ'] = 'e', ['أ'] = 'ạ',

-- numerals
['۰'] = '0', ['۱'] = '1', ['۲'] = '2', ['۳'] = '3', ['۴'] = '4', ['۵'] = '5', ['۶'] = '6', ['۷'] = '7', ['۸'] = '8', ['۹'] = '9',

}

local short_vowels = {
-- high vowels
[u(0x0650)] = 'i', [u(0x0655)] = 'ụ', [u(0x064F)] = 'u', [u(0x065F)] = 'ụ̄',

-- central vowels
[u(0x0654)] = 'ạ',

-- low vowels
[u(0x064E)] = 'a',
}

local hardcoded_conv = {
[u(0x0624)] = 'vạ',
}

local alif = 'ا'
local waw = 'و'
local ye = 'ی'

function export.tr(text, lang, sc)
if invalid_vowel_combination(text) then
-- require("Module:debug").track("ks-Arab-translit/invalid vowel combination")
return nil
end

text = gsub(text, khatma, '.')
text = gsub(text, question_mark, '?')

text = gsub(text, '([' .. palatalisers .. ']%f[%s%z])', '\'')

-- short e at the end of words is ē with V sign
text = gsub(text, 'ے' .. hat, "e")

-- ye with inverted hat is /j/
-- ? always occurs after a consonant
text = gsub(text, "([" .. consonants .. "])" .. ye .. inverted_hat .. "([" .. short_vowels_list .. "])", "%1y%2")
text = gsub(text, "([" .. consonants .. "])" .. short_ye .. alif, "%1yā")
text = gsub(text, "([" .. consonants .. "])" .. short_ye, "%1y")

-- nun with hat
text = gsub(text, nun .. "[" .. hats.. "]", nun)

-- ye with hat = short e
-- only when not final?
text = gsub(text, ye .. "[" .. hats.. "]", "e")

-- re with inverted hat followed by short vowel is re + short vowel
-- text = gsub(text, "([" .. consonants .. "])" .. re .. inverted_hat .. "([" .. short_vowels_list .. "])", "%1r%2")

-- re with inverted hat is re
text = gsub(text, re .. inverted_hat, re)

-- interconsonantal vav is a long ō sound
text = gsub(text,
'([' .. consonants .. ']' .. docheshm .. '?)' .. vav .. '([' .. consonants .. '])',
"%1ō%2")

-- intervocalic alif is a long a sound
text = gsub(text, '([' .. consonants .. 'و ' .. '])' .. alif .. '([' .. consonants .. 'و' .. '])', "%1ā%2")

-- consonant + short vowel + he disregards the he and transliterates the vowel
text = gsub(text, '([' .. consonants .. '])([' .. short_vowels_list .. '])' .. he .. '(%s)', "%1%2%3")
text = gsub(text, '([' .. consonants .. '])([' .. short_vowels_list .. '])' .. he .. '^', "%1%2")

-- final he + short vowel disregards the he and transliterates the vowel
-- should return NIL
text = gsub(text, he .. '([' .. short_vowels_list .. '])$', short_vowels)

-- word-initial alif + vowelled carrier drops the alif
text = gsub(text, '^' .. alif .. '([' .. vocalised_carrier .. '])', "%1")

-- word-initial alif + short vowel diacritic drops the alif
text = gsub(text, '^' .. alif .. '([' .. short_vowels_list .. '])', "%1")

-- word-initial alif + vowelled carrier drops the alif
text = gsub(text, '(%s)' .. alif .. '([' .. vocalised_carrier .. '])', "%1%2")

-- word-initial alif + short vowel diacritic drops the alif
text = gsub(text, '(%s)' .. alif .. '([' .. short_vowels_list .. '])', "%1%2")

-- re with inverted hat is just re
text = gsub(text, re .. inverted_hat, re)

-- long /u:/ and /i:/
text = gsub(text, vav .. vw_s_cbr .. vav .. "([" .. consonants .. "])", vav .. "ū%1")
text = gsub(text, "([" .. consonants .. "])" .. vw_s_cfu .. ye .. "([" .. consonants .. "])", "%1ī%2")

-- vav with hat = short o
text = gsub(text, vav .. "[" .. hats .. "]", "o")

-- vav with short vowel
text = gsub(text,
vav .. "([" .. short_vowels_list .. "])",
function(c)
return "v" .. short_vowels[c]
end)

-- vav with inverted pish = long u
text = gsub(text, long_u, "ū")

-- long i
text = gsub(text, ye .. vw_l_cfu, 'ī')

-- intervocalic ye is a long a sound
text = gsub(text, '([' .. consonants .. '])' .. ye .. '([' .. consonants .. '])', "%1ē%2")

-- word-final alif and ye
text = gsub(text, '([' .. consonants .. '])' .. ye .. '$', "%1ī")
text = gsub(text, '([' .. consonants .. '])' .. alif .. '$', "%1ā")

-- regard the consonant + short vowel combinations throughout
text = gsub(text, '.', short_vowels)

text = gsub(text, '[أإبپتٹجچدڈرڑزژسشفکگلمنهھےثحخذصضطظعغقۍۄؠٲآۆۆێ]', conv)

-- normal consonants left over
text = gsub(text, vav, 'v')
text = gsub(text, 'ہ', 'h')
text = gsub(text, "ی", "y")

-- hardcoded consonants left over
-- Seems to be auto-subbed?
text = gsub(text, '[ؤ]', hardcoded_conv)

-- CẹC = CyaC
text = gsub(text, "([" .. consonants_latn .. "])ẹ([" .. consonants_latn .. "])", "%1ya%2")

return text
end

function invalid_vowel_combination(text)
-- if a vowel carrier or a standalone vowel has another vowel on top it should not
local orig_text = text
local count
text, count = gsub(text, "[" .. standalone_carrier .. short_vowels_list .. "]", "")
if count > 0 then
return nil
end
return #text == 0
end

return export

Module:ks-Arab-translit - Revision history

Sware: 1 revision imported

wikt>Sinonquoi at 18:39, 13 August 2025