Nawuhu - Revision history

Sware at 15:33, 19 May 2026

2026-05-19T15:33:52Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:33, 19 May 2026
Line 462:		Line 462:
	==References==		==References==
	<references />		<references />
	[[Category:Nawuhu]] [[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Conlangs]] [[Category:A priori]]		[[Category:Nawuhu language]] [[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Conlangs]] [[Category:A priori]]

Jukethatbox: /* Swadesh list */

2026-04-03T22:39:05Z

Swadesh list

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:39, 3 April 2026
Line 256:		Line 256:
	\|heavy=duku		\|heavy=duku
	\|small=lhí		\|small=lhí
	\|short=~~buta~~		\|short=lhí
	\|narrow=sisi		\|narrow=sisi
	\|thin=ehe		\|thin=ehe
Line 270:		Line 270:
	\|fish=sempe		\|fish=sempe
	\|bird=pina		\|bird=pina
	\|dog=~~báubau~~		\|dog=bau
	\|louse=ñe’e		\|louse=ñe’e
	\|snake=cangú		\|snake=cangú
Line 387:		Line 387:
	\|sky=paha		\|sky=paha
	\|wind=hez		\|wind=hez
	\|snow=		\|snow=lukuhéka
	\|ice=~~lukutu~~		\|ice=luku
	\|smoke=wumu		\|smoke=wumu
	\|fire=wuno		\|fire=wuno

Jukethatbox: /* Variations */

2026-03-29T17:54:41Z

Variations

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:54, 29 March 2026
Line 52:		Line 52:
	Indeed, the system itself was built quickly out of necessity by Mark Mii as a way to transliterate ancient Nawuhu writing, and he himself admitted he did not take verbal transcription into account when making the system. Nevertheless, it was the first serious attempt of its time, and thus it was rapidly adopted by most of the Wuhu Island archaeologist community, many members of which were personal friends or acquaintances of Mark Mii himself.		Indeed, the system itself was built quickly out of necessity by Mark Mii as a way to transliterate ancient Nawuhu writing, and he himself admitted he did not take verbal transcription into account when making the system. Nevertheless, it was the first serious attempt of its time, and thus it was rapidly adopted by most of the Wuhu Island archaeologist community, many members of which were personal friends or acquaintances of Mark Mii himself.

	Since its establishment as the official romanisation of Nawuhu, some other systems have tried to replace the Mark Mii system. One strong competitor is the ''Apakeaka'' system. This system, created by an actual native Nawuhu speaker, is quite different from the Mark Mii system; for example, /ɕ ʑ/ are written ⟨sh zh⟩, /ʉ/ is written ~~⟨ü⟩~~ and the identical vocalic syllable separation is marked with a [[w:Diaeresis\|diaeresis]] on the second vowel with stress generally not being marked unless contrastive , so ''na'a wúhu'' becomes ''naä wuhu''. This system is mostly used by Nawuhu native political exiles, with its creator also being a political exile currently residing in Hawaii due to his opposition towards the Almondrian regime. Thus, this romanisation system is not used officially on the island, though it still appears overseas in research papers of the island.		Since its establishment as the official romanisation of Nawuhu, some other systems have tried to replace the Mark Mii system. One strong competitor is the ''Apakeaka'' system. This system, created by an actual native Nawuhu speaker, is quite different from the Mark Mii system; for example, /ɕ ʑ/ are written ⟨sh zh⟩, /ʉ/ and /ʉ.ʉ/ are written ⟨ụ⟩ and ⟨ṳ⟩ and the identical vocalic syllable separation is marked with a [[w:Diaeresis\|diaeresis]] on the second vowel with stress generally not being marked unless contrastive , so ''na'a wúhu'' becomes ''naä wuhu''. This system is mostly used by Nawuhu native political exiles, with its creator also being a political exile currently residing in Hawaii due to his opposition towards the Almondrian regime. Thus, this romanisation system is not used officially on the island, though it still appears overseas in research papers of the island.

	===Consonants===		===Consonants===

Jukethatbox at 00:47, 29 March 2026

2026-03-29T00:47:10Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:47, 29 March 2026
Line 121:		Line 121:
	===Pronouns===		===Pronouns===
	====Personal====		====Personal====
	{\| class="wikitable ~~mw-collapsible mw-collapsed~~" style="text-align: center;"		{\| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
	~~! colspan=6 \| Nawuhu personal pronouns~~
	\|-
	! colspan=2 \| !! Singular !! Dual !! Paucal !! Plural		! colspan=2 \| !! Singular !! Dual !! Paucal !! Plural
	\|-		\|-

Jukethatbox at 00:46, 29 March 2026

2026-03-29T00:46:51Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:46, 29 March 2026
Line 121:		Line 121:
	===Pronouns===		===Pronouns===
	====Personal====		====Personal====
	{\| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"		{\| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
			! colspan=6 \| Nawuhu personal pronouns
			\|-
	! colspan=2 \| !! Singular !! Dual !! Paucal !! Plural		! colspan=2 \| !! Singular !! Dual !! Paucal !! Plural
	\|-		\|-
	! rowspan=2 \| First</br>person		! rowspan=2 \| First</br>person
	! personal		! personal
	\| ''ja'' \|\| ''jan'' \|\| ''jvn'' \|\| ''jon''		\| {{term\|ja}} \|\| {{term\|jan}} \|\| {{term\|jvn}} \|\| {{term\|jon}}
	\|-		\|-
	! possessive		! possessive
	\| ''jo'' \|\| ''janu'' \|\| ''jun'' \|\| ''jonu''		\| {{term\|jo}} \|\| {{term\|janu}} \|\| {{term\|jun}} \|\| {{term\|jonu}}
	\|-		\|-
	! rowspan=2 \| Second</br>person		! rowspan=2 \| Second</br>person
	! personal		! personal
	\| ''ádo'' \|\| ''ádon'' \|\| ''wín'' \|\| ''né''		\| {{term\|ádo}} \|\| {{term\|ádon}} \|\| {{term\|wín}} \|\| {{term\|né}}
	\|-		\|-
	! possessive		! possessive
	\| ''ádu'' \|\| ''ádun'' \|\| ''ínu'' \|\| ''néyu''		\| {{term\|ádu}} \|\| {{term\|ádun}} \|\| {{term\|ínu}} \|\| {{term\|néyu}}
	\|-		\|-
	! rowspan=2 \| Third</br>person		! rowspan=2 \| Third</br>person
	! personal		! personal
	\| ''ain'' \|\| ''aina'' \|\| ''avni'' \|\| ''enawe''		\| {{term\|ain}} \|\| {{term\|aina}} \|\| {{term\|avni}} \|\| {{term\|enawe}}
	\|-		\|-
	! possessive		! possessive
	\| ''añu'' \|\| ''año'' \|\| ''avñu'' \|\| ''enau''		\| {{term\|añu}} \|\| {{term\|año}} \|\| {{term\|avñu}} \|\| {{term\|enau}}
	\|}		\|}
	There are no gendered third person pronouns in Nawuhu, though some older translations of excavated texts translated the third person pronoun as "he". Today, most translators translate the ''ain'' pronoun as "they".		There are no gendered third person pronouns in Nawuhu, though some older translations of excavated texts translated the third person pronoun as "he". Today, most translators translate the ''ain'' pronoun as "they".

Jukethatbox: /* Personal */

2026-03-28T23:47:48Z

Personal

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:47, 28 March 2026
Line 122:		Line 122:
	====Personal====		====Personal====
	{\| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"		{\| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
	! ~~rowspan~~=2 \| !! ~~colspan=2 \|~~ Singular !! ~~colspan=2 \|~~ Dual !! ~~colspan=2 \|~~ Paucal !! ~~colspan=2 \|~~ Plural		! colspan=2 \| !! Singular !! Dual !! Paucal !! Plural
	\|-		\|-
	! ~~nom.~~ !~~! gen. !! nom. !! gen. !! nom. !! gen. !! nom. !! gen.~~		! rowspan=2 \| First</br>person
			! personal
			\| ''ja'' \|\| ''jan'' \|\| ''jvn'' \|\| ''jon''
	\|-		\|-
	! ~~First~~		! possessive
	~~\| ''ja'' \|~~\| ''jo~~'' \|\| ''jan~~'' \|\| ''janu~~'' \|\| ''jvn~~'' \|\| '' jun~~'' \|\| ''jon~~'' \|\| ''jonu''		\| ''jo'' \|\| ''janu'' \|\| ''jun'' \|\| ''jonu''
	\|-		\|-
	! Second		! rowspan=2 \| Second</br>person
	\| ''ádo~~'' \|\| ''ádu~~'' \|\| ''ádon~~'' \|\| ''ádun~~'' \|\| ''wín~~'' \|\| ''ínu~~'' \|\| ''né~~'' \|\| ''néyu~~''		! personal
			\| ''ádo'' \|\| ''ádon'' \|\| ''wín'' \|\| ''né''
	\|-		\|-
	! Third		! possessive
	\| ''ain'' \|\| ''~~añu~~'' \|\| ''~~aina~~'' \|\| ''~~año~~'' \|\| ''~~avni~~'' \|\| ''~~avñu~~'' \|\| ''~~enawe~~'' \|\| ''enau''		\| ''ádu'' \|\| ''ádun'' \|\| ''ínu'' \|\| ''néyu''
			\|-
			! rowspan=2 \| Third</br>person
			! personal
			\| ''ain'' \|\| ''aina'' \|\| ''avni'' \|\| ''enawe''
			\|-
			! possessive
			\| ''añu'' \|\| ''año'' \|\| ''avñu'' \|\| ''enau''
	\|}		\|}
	There are no gendered third person pronouns in Nawuhu, though some older translations of excavated texts translated the third person pronoun as "he". Today, most translators translate the ''ain'' pronoun as "they".		There are no gendered third person pronouns in Nawuhu, though some older translations of excavated texts translated the third person pronoun as "he". Today, most translators translate the ''ain'' pronoun as "they".

	Like adjectives, ~~genitive~~ pronouns are placed after the possessee, so "my car" is ''jido jo'' lit. "car my".		Like adjectives, possessive pronouns are placed after the possessee, so "my car" is ''jido jo'' lit. "car my".

	====Demonstrative====		====Demonstrative====

Jukethatbox: /* Interrogative */

2026-03-28T20:16:09Z

Interrogative

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:16, 28 March 2026
Line 158:		Line 158:
	Interrogative pronouns in Nawuhu are quite distinct from demonstrative and personal pronouns. They do not agree with grammatical number, and instead mostly follow the English pattern of "what, why, who, when and how", although "when" has variations based on tense.		Interrogative pronouns in Nawuhu are quite distinct from demonstrative and personal pronouns. They do not agree with grammatical number, and instead mostly follow the English pattern of "what, why, who, when and how", although "when" has variations based on tense.
	{\| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"		{\| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
	! rowspan=2 \| What !! rowspan=2 \| Why !! rowspan=2 \| Who !! colspan=4 \| When !! rowspan=2 \| How		! rowspan=2 \| What !! rowspan=2 \| Where !! rowspan=2 \| Why !! rowspan=2 \| Who !! colspan=4 \| When !! rowspan=2 \| How
	\|-		\|-
	! Far Past !! Near Past !! Near Future !! General Future		! Far Past !! Near Past !! Near Future !! General Future
	\|-		\|-
	\| ''lim'' \|\| ''ley'' \|\| ''lou'' \|\| ''i’ilam'' \|\| ''ilam'' \|\| ''ewil'' \|\| ''ewe’el'' \|\| ''li’i''		\| ''lim'' \|\| ''lio'' \|\| ''ley'' \|\| ''lou'' \|\| ''i’ilam'' \|\| ''ilam'' \|\| ''ewil'' \|\| ''ewe’el'' \|\| ''li’i''
	\|}		\|}
	Here are some examples on how to use the variations of 'when':		Here are some examples on how to use the variations of 'when':

Jukethatbox: /* Consonants */

2026-03-28T18:43:41Z

Consonants

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:43, 28 March 2026
Line 68:		Line 68:
	\|-		\|-
	! Semivowel		! Semivowel
	\| \|\| \|\| j \|\| w \|\|		\| (ẅ) \|\| \|\| j \|\| w \|\|
	\|-		\|-
	! Lateral		! Lateral

Jukethatbox: /* Swadesh list */

2026-03-28T16:39:01Z

Swadesh list

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:39, 28 March 2026
Line 231:		Line 231:
	\|not=ago		\|not=ago
	\|all=ana		\|all=ana
	\|many=~~nyenye~~		\|many=ñeñe
	\|some=~~nye~~		\|some=ñe
	\|few=~~nyago~~		\|few=ñago
	\|other=aya		\|other=aya
	\|one=a		\|one=a

Jukethatbox: /* Swadesh list */

2026-03-28T16:24:14Z

Swadesh list

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:24, 28 March 2026
Line 321:		Line 321:
	\|fear=megu		\|fear=megu
	\|sleep=azv		\|sleep=azv
	\|live=		\|live=janá
	\|die=		\|die=tejá
	\|kill=		\|kill=tejáku
	\|fight=		\|fight=kudu
	\|hunt=		\|hunt=maba
	\|hit=		\|hit=kudu
	\|cut=		\|cut=sekya
	\|split=		\|split=sekya
	\|stab=		\|stab=ñopa
	\|scratch=		\|scratch=kizi
	\|dig=		\|dig=bóku
	\|swim=		\|swim=wahe
	\|fly=		\|fly=pine
	\|walk=		\|walk=apá
	\|come=		\|come=apá
	\|lie=		\|lie=azv
	\|sit=		\|sit=isú
	\|stand=		\|stand=na
	\|turn=		\|turn=kené
	\|fall=		\|fall=hoba
	\|give=		\|give=du
	\|hold=		\|hold=de
	\|squeeze=		\|squeeze=dede
	\|rub=		\|rub=zitu
	\|wash=		\|wash=basvk
	\|wipe=		\|wipe=vdu
	\|pull=		\|pull=tohok
	\|push=		\|push=hok
	\|throw=		\|throw=hok
	\|tie=		\|tie=dede
	\|sew=		\|sew=zunki
	\|count=		\|count=esakv
	\|say=		\|say=nana
	\|sing=		\|sing=nañv
	\|play=		\|play=tuku
	\|float=		\|float=ogoh
	\|flow=		\|flow=pukdu
	\|freeze=		\|freeze=lukut
	\|swell=		\|swell=dibo
	\|sun=		\|sun=tupi
	\|moon=		\|moon=píwu
	\|star=		\|star=i’iki
	\|water=		\|water=wahi
	\|rain=		\|rain=ihé
	\|river=		\|river=waha
	\|lake=		\|lake=ewa
	\|sea=		\|sea=yalma
	\|salt=		\|salt=dozin
	\|stone=		\|stone=mon
	\|sand=		\|sand=samak
	\|dust=		\|dust=samak
	\|earth=		\|earth=tote
	\|cloud=		\|cloud=nui
	\|fog=		\|fog=nuñui
	\|sky=		\|sky=paha
	\|wind=		\|wind=hez
	\|snow=		\|snow=
	\|ice=		\|ice=lukutu
	\|smoke=		\|smoke=wumu
	\|fire=		\|fire=wuno
	\|~~ashes~~=		\|ash=ho’ó
	\|burn=		\|burn=wuno
	\|road=		\|road=dolo
	\|mountain=		\|mountain=maka
	\|red=		\|red=homi
	\|green=		\|green=cvpa
	\|yellow=		\|yellow=tupi
	\|white=		\|white=haga
	\|black=		\|black=kela
	\|night=		\|night=kela
	\|day=		\|day=tupi
	\|year=		\|year=toci
	\|warm=		\|warm=ono
	\|cold=		\|cold=luku
	\|full=		\|full=tengen
	\|new=		\|new=pai
	\|old=		\|old=alhá
	\|good=		\|good=eme
	\|bad=		\|bad=doyo
	\|rotten=		\|rotten=ubete
	\|dirty=		\|dirty=beto
	\|straight=		\|straight=hepí
	\|round=		\|round=zoko
	\|sharp=		\|sharp=ceci
	\|dull=		\|dull=cecago
	\|smooth=		\|smooth=melhao
	\|wet=		\|wet=wahia
	\|dry=		\|dry=siuk
	\|correct=		\|correct=kenelé
	\|near=		\|near=papao
	\|far=		\|far=nipao
	\|right=		\|right=svnga
	\|left=		\|left=hvmpopo
	\|at=		\|at=o
	\|in=		\|in=ya
	\|with=		\|with=nuku
	\|and=		\|and=te
	\|if=		\|if=neá
	\|because=		\|because=wa
	\|name=		\|name=suhu
	}}		}}

	===Conversation===		===Conversation===
	{\| class=wikitable		{\| class=wikitable