Pangali - Revision history

Kóði: /* Phoneme Inventory */

2019-09-12T12:39:00Z

Phoneme Inventory

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:39, 12 September 2019
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	\|w {{angbr\|w}}		\|w {{angbr\|w}}
	\|h {{angbr\|h,hj}}		\|h {{angbr\|h,hj}}
	\|
	\|-		\|-

Kóði: /* Phoneme Inventory */

2019-09-12T12:37:43Z

Phoneme Inventory

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:37, 12 September 2019
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	\|		\|
	\|ɹ {{angbr\|r}}		\|ɹ {{angbr\|r}}
	\|
	\|j {{angbr\|j}}		\|j {{angbr\|j}}
	\|w {{angbr\|w}}		\|w {{angbr\|w}}
	\|h {{angbr\|h,hj}}		\|h {{angbr\|h,hj}}
			\|
	\|-		\|-

Kóði: /* Phoneme Inventory */

2019-09-12T12:36:55Z

Phoneme Inventory

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:36, 12 September 2019
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	In spite of its status as a language isolate, the phonological system of Pangali isn't terribly special in comparison to its neighbors in the Philippines or Australia. A simple syllable structure, few (phonemic) vowels, a fair amount of consonants, and stable vowel quality make this language both interesting and soundly (''ha, pun!'') mundane all at the same time.		In spite of its status as a language isolate, the phonological system of Pangali isn't terribly special in comparison to its neighbors in the Philippines or Australia. A simple syllable structure, few (phonemic) vowels, a fair amount of consonants, and stable vowel quality make this language both interesting and soundly (''ha, pun!'') mundane all at the same time.
	=== Phoneme Inventory ===		=== Phoneme Inventory ===
	Pangali's consonant inventory weighs in at a respectable 21 phonemic consonants. A unique feature that may be noted is the presence of phonemic prenasalized stops.		Pangali's consonant inventory weighs in at a respectable 14 phonemic consonants. A unique feature that may be noted is the presence of phonemic prenasalized stops.

	The vowels, on the other hand, number only three in terms of phonemic units. As with many languages with small vowel inventories, what vowels that Pangali does have are subject to significant allophonic variation.		The vowels, on the other hand, number only three in terms of phonemic units. As with many languages with small vowel inventories, what vowels that Pangali does have are subject to significant allophonic variation.

	{\| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"		{\| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
	\|+Pangali Consonant Inventory		\|+Pangali Consonant Inventory
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	\|-		\|-
	! colspan=2\|Nasal		! colspan=2\|Nasal
	\| m {{angbr\|m}}		\|m {{angbr\|m}}
	\| n {{angbr\|n}}		\|n {{angbr\|n}}
	\|		\|
	\| ŋ {{angbr\|ń}}		\|ŋ {{angbr\|ń}}
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	! rowspan=2 \| Plosive		! rowspan=2 \| Plosive
	! Plain		! Plain
	\| p {{angbr\|p}}		\|p {{angbr\|p}}
	\| t {{angbr\|t}}		\|t {{angbr\|t}}
	\|		\|
	\| k {{angbr\|k}}		\|k {{angbr\|k}}
	\| ʔ {{angbr\|ˆ}}		\|ʔ {{angbr\|ˆ}}
	\|-		\|-
	! Prenasalized		! Prenasalized
	\| ᵐp {{angbr\|b}}		\|ᵐp {{angbr\|b}}
	\| ⁿt {{angbr\|d}}		\|ⁿt {{angbr\|d}}
	\|		\|
	\| ᵑk {{angbr\|g}}		\|ᵑk {{angbr\|g}}
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	! colspan=2\|~~Fricative~~		! colspan=2\|Approximant
	\|
	\|
	\|
	\|		\|
	\| h {{angbr \|~~h,hj~~}}		\|ɹ {{angbr\|r}}
	\|-
	~~! colspan=2\|Approximant~~
	\|		\|
	\| ɹ {{angbr\|r}}		\|j {{angbr\|j}}
	\| j {{angbr\|j}}		\|w {{angbr\|w}}
	\| w {{angbr\|w}}		\|h {{angbr\|h,hj}}
	\|
	\|-		\|-

	Notes:		Notes:
	*The alveolar plosives /t/ and /ⁿt/ are laminal.		*The alveolar plosives /t/ and /ⁿt/ are laminal.
	*/h/ is a true fricative.

	{\| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"		{\| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
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	\|-		\|-
	! Close		! Close
	\| i {{angbr \|i}}		\|i {{angbr\|i}}
	\| u {{angbr \|u}}		\|u {{angbr\|u}}
	\|-		\|-
	! Open		! Open
	\| a {{angbr \|a}}		\|a {{angbr\|a}}
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-

Kóði: /* Phoneme Inventory */

2019-09-12T10:43:10Z

Phoneme Inventory

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:43, 12 September 2019
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			Notes:
			*The alveolar plosives /t/ and /ⁿt/ are laminal.
			*/h/ is a true fricative.

	{\| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"		{\| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"

Kóði: /* Syllable Structure */

2019-09-12T06:44:06Z

Syllable Structure

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:44, 12 September 2019
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	==== Syllable Structure ====		==== Syllable Structure ====
	Pangali has a (C)V structure, where a syllable can only contain one vowel, which may or may not be preceded by a consonant. Word initial syllables may occur with either a null onset or with any single consonant except for /ɹ/ and /j/~~, while word~~ internal syllables may only occur with single consonant onsets, with the exception of /h/, which may only appear word initially. Codas are forbidden in any context, with all syllables being open.		Pangali has a (C)V structure, where a syllable can only contain one vowel, which may or may not be preceded by a consonant. Word initial syllables may occur with either a null onset or with any single consonant except for /ɹ/ and /j/.

			Word internal syllables may only occur with single consonant onsets, with the exception of /h/, which may only appear word initially. Codas are forbidden in any context, with all syllables being open.

	==== Epenthesis ====		==== Epenthesis ====

Kóði: /* Vowels */

2019-09-12T06:42:45Z

Vowels

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:42, 12 September 2019
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	Notes:		Notes:
	*Southern speakers do not raise /a/, but rather retract it to /ɑ/.		*Southern speakers do not raise /a/, but rather retract it to [ɑ]
	*For many speakers, [ɨ] and [ʉ] may be in free variation with [ɪ] and [ʊ], respectively.		*For many speakers, [ɨ] and [ʉ] may be in free variation with [ɪ] and [ʊ], respectively.

Kóði: /* Allophonic Variation */

2019-09-12T06:34:22Z

Allophonic Variation

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:34, 12 September 2019
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	\|}		\|}

			Notes:
			*A minority of speakers only voice /p t k/ in unstressed syllables, primarily in the more southern islands.

	===== <small>Dissimilation</small> =====		===== <small>Dissimilation</small> =====
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	\|}		\|}

	It is theorized that /p t k/ originally affricated in all positions but later spirantized word initially.		Notes:
			*It is theorized that /p t k/ originally affricated in all positions but later spirantized word initially.
			*For the speakers from the island of ''Batawutarjikuri'' affricates continue to occur both word intially and intervocalically.

	==== Approximants ====		==== Approximants ====
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	==== Vowels ====		==== Vowels ====

	==== <small>Centralization</small> ====		===== <small>Centralization</small> =====
	Vowels preceding /ʔ/ are centralized. /a/ is both centralized and raised:		Vowels preceding /ʔ/ are centralized. /a/ is both centralized and raised:

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	\|}		\|}

	==== <small>Lowering</small> ====		Notes:
			*Southern speakers do not raise /a/, but rather retract it to /ɑ/.
			*For many speakers, [ɨ] and [ʉ] may be in free variation with [ɪ] and [ʊ], respectively.

			===== <small>Lowering</small> =====
	/i/ and /u/ are lowered to [ɛ] and [ɔ], respectively, when preceding nasals and prenasalized consonants:		/i/ and /u/ are lowered to [ɛ] and [ɔ], respectively, when preceding nasals and prenasalized consonants:

Kóði: /* Fortition */

2019-09-12T06:10:03Z

Fortition

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:10, 12 September 2019
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	==== Approximants ====		==== Approximants ====
	==== <small>Fortition</small> ====		===== <small>Fortition</small> =====
	/ɹ j w/ fortify to [ð̠ ʝ ɣʷ] when occurring in a stressed syllable:		/ɹ j w/ fortify to [ð̠ ʝ ɣʷ] when occurring in a stressed syllable:

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	Notes:		Notes:
	*The most common realization of /ɹ/ is [ð̠], a voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative, but some speakers may realize it as the sibilant counterpart [z] or even postalveolar [ʒ].		*The most common realization of /ɹ/ is [ð̠], a voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative, but some speakers may realize it as the sibilant counterpart [z] or even postalveolar [ʒ].
	*Speakers who ~~realized~~ /ɹ/ as [ʒ] typically merge [ʒ] and [ʝ] to [ʒ].		*Speakers who realize /ɹ/ as [ʒ] typically merge [ʒ] and [ʝ] to [ʒ].
	*Technically, /w/ would be better transcribed as [ɣʷ~ɣ] due to notable free variation, however [ɣʷ] is more commonly encountered and thus the more common transcription.		*Technically, /w/ would be better transcribed as [ɣʷ~ɣ] due to notable free variation, however [ɣʷ] is more commonly encountered and thus the more common transcription.

Kóði: /* Fortition */

2019-09-12T06:08:16Z

Fortition

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:08, 12 September 2019
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	Notes:		Notes:
	The most common realization of /ɹ/ is [ð̠], a voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative, but some speakers may realize it as the sibilant counterpart [z] or [.		*The most common realization of /ɹ/ is [ð̠], a voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative, but some speakers may realize it as the sibilant counterpart [z] or even postalveolar [ʒ].
			*Speakers who realized /ɹ/ as [ʒ] typically merge [ʒ] and [ʝ] to [ʒ].
			*Technically, /w/ would be better transcribed as [ɣʷ~ɣ] due to notable free variation, however [ɣʷ] is more commonly encountered and thus the more common transcription.

	==== Vowels ====		==== Vowels ====

Kóði: /* Fortition */

2019-09-12T05:15:42Z

Fortition

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:15, 12 September 2019
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	==== Approximants ====		==== Approximants ====
	==== <small>Fortition</small> ====		==== <small>Fortition</small> ====
	/ɹ j w/ fortify to [ð ʝ ɣʷ] when occurring in a stressed syllable:		/ɹ j w/ fortify to [ð̠ ʝ ɣʷ] when occurring in a stressed syllable:

	{\|class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"		{\|class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
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	! colspan=2 \| Examples		! colspan=2 \| Examples
	\|-		\|-
	! rowspan=2 \| ɹ → ð		! rowspan=2 \| ɹ → ð̠
	\|/pa'''ɹ'''a/ → [paˈ'''ð'''a]		\|/pa'''ɹ'''a/ → [paˈ'''ð̠'''a]
	\|-		\|-
	\|/ki'''ɹ'''i/ → [kiˈ'''ð'''i]		\|/ki'''ɹ'''i/ → [kiˈ'''ð̠'''i]
	\|-		\|-
	! rowspan=2 \| j → ʝ		! rowspan=2 \| j → ʝ
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	Notes:		Notes:
	The most common realization of /ɹ/ ~~in stressed syllables~~ is ~~actually~~ [ð̠], a voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative, but ~~for convenience is typically transcribed~~ as ~~simply~~ [ð].		The most common realization of /ɹ/ is [ð̠], a voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative, but some speakers may realize it as the sibilant counterpart [z] or [.

	==== Vowels ====		==== Vowels ====

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:37, 12 September 2019
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	\|		\|
	\|ɹ {{angbr\|r}}		\|ɹ {{angbr\|r}}
	\|
	\|j {{angbr\|j}}		\|j {{angbr\|j}}
	\|w {{angbr\|w}}		\|w {{angbr\|w}}
	\|h {{angbr\|h,hj}}		\|h {{angbr\|h,hj}}
			\|
	\|-		\|-