Pokht - Revision history

Jukethatbox at 15:24, 25 June 2025

2025-06-25T15:24:20Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:24, 25 June 2025
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	\| nativename = bokhtjoeğ		\| nativename = bokhtjoeğ
	\| pronunciation = ˈb̥ɔxddʒøːw]<br>[ˈb̥ɔxddʒøːj		\| pronunciation = ˈb̥ɔxddʒøːw]<br>[ˈb̥ɔxddʒøːj
			\| pronunciation_key = IPA for Pokht
	\| creator = User:Jukethatbox		\| creator = User:Jukethatbox
	\| created = 2024		\| created = 2024
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	\| notice = ipa		\| notice = ipa
	}}		}}
	'''Pokht''' (Pokht: ''bokhtjoeğ'', <small>pronounced:</small> [[~~Help:~~IPA\|[ˈb̥ɔxddʒøːw, ˈb̥ɔxddʒøːj]]]; [[Izhkut]]: ''jënn pokht'') is a [[Taskaric languages\|Taskaric]] language or group of languages spoken by various Pokht peoples in the region of Pokhtreg, namely in southern [[Izhkut\|Izhkutrëa]] and parts of northern [[Ingdikh]]. It is also spoken by a significant [[w:Diaspora\|diasporic]] community on the island of [[Etzeá\|Etzeán]], especially in [[Néekh]] territories such as Arkhûz and the greater Tûznam Basin.		'''Pokht''' (Pokht: ''bokhtjoeğ'', <small>pronounced</small> [[IPA for Pokht\|[ˈb̥ɔxddʒøːw, ˈb̥ɔxddʒøːj]]]; [[Izhkut]]: ''jënn pokht'') is a [[Taskaric languages\|Taskaric]] language or group of languages spoken by various Pokht peoples in the region of Pokhtreg, namely in southern [[Izhkut\|Izhkutrëa]] and parts of northern [[Ingdikh]]. It is also spoken by a significant [[w:Diaspora\|diasporic]] community on the island of [[Etzeá\|Etzeán]], especially in [[Néekh]] territories such as Arkhûz and the greater Tûznam Basin.

	Linguistically, Pokht is a descendant of [[Old Izhkut]], making it a sister language of [[Izhkut]] and the now-extinct [[Ilyod]] language. However, unlike other Old Izhkut descendants and its ancestor itself, Pokht is much more [[w:Inflectional language\|inflectional]] than the more [[w:Isolating language\|isolating]] [[Izhkut]], and incorporates a rich verbal paradigm that conjugates on [[w:Grammatical person\|person]], [[w:Grammatical tense\|tense]] and [[w:Grammatical aspect\|aspect]]. Pokht also retains the masculine-feminine [[w:Grammatical gender\|gender]] of [[Old Izhkut]], which Izhkut dropped.		Linguistically, Pokht is a descendant of [[Old Izhkut]], making it a sister language of [[Izhkut]] and the now-extinct [[Ilyod]] language. However, unlike other Old Izhkut descendants and its ancestor itself, Pokht is much more [[w:Inflectional language\|inflectional]] than the more [[w:Isolating language\|isolating]] [[Izhkut]], and incorporates a rich verbal paradigm that conjugates on [[w:Grammatical person\|person]], [[w:Grammatical tense\|tense]] and [[w:Grammatical aspect\|aspect]]. Pokht also retains the masculine-feminine [[w:Grammatical gender\|gender]] of [[Old Izhkut]], which Izhkut dropped.
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	/f v/ vary between [[w:Bilabial fricative\|bilabial]] and [[w:Labiodental fricative\|labiodental]] depending on the dialect.		/f v/ vary between [[w:Bilabial fricative\|bilabial]] and [[w:Labiodental fricative\|labiodental]] depending on the dialect.

	/j w ɣ/ are all allophones of the phoneme /ɣ/; its pronunciation varies on position. After vowels /u ɔ ø/ at the end of a word, it extends the vowel and alternates between /j~w/ depending on the speaker, as in ''bokhtjoe'''ğ'''''. In the medial position of a compound word, it typically only extends the vowel and is unwritten, as in ''bokhtj'''oe'''srenyeğ'' [[~~Help:~~IPA\|[ˈb̥ɔxddʒøːˌsɽeɲə]]]. After word-final /e/, it simply turns /e/ into /ə/, as in ''srenye'''ğ''''' [[~~Help:~~IPA\|[ˈsɽeɲə]]], though in some dialects it may also be pronounced with a /w/, hence the preservation of the letter. Before voiceless plosives it becomes /k/; before voiced, it becomes /g/. In either way, it is written ⟨g⟩. In all other places, it is pronounced as [[w:Voiced velar fricative\|velar fricative]] /ɣ/.		/j w ɣ/ are all allophones of the phoneme /ɣ/; its pronunciation varies on position. After vowels /u ɔ ø/ at the end of a word, it extends the vowel and alternates between /j~w/ depending on the speaker, as in ''bokhtjoe'''ğ'''''. In the medial position of a compound word, it typically only extends the vowel and is unwritten, as in ''bokhtj'''oe'''srenyeğ'' [[IPA for Pokht\|[ˈb̥ɔxddʒøːˌsɽeɲə]]]. After word-final /e/, it simply turns /e/ into /ə/, as in ''srenye'''ğ''''' [[IPA for Pokht\|[ˈsɽeɲə]]], though in some dialects it may also be pronounced with a /w/, hence the preservation of the letter. Before voiceless plosives it becomes /k/; before voiced, it becomes /g/. In either way, it is written ⟨g⟩. In all other places, it is pronounced as [[w:Voiced velar fricative\|velar fricative]] /ɣ/.

	/dʒ/ is devoiced in word-initial and word-final positions, such as '''''tj'''oell'' [[~~Help:~~IPA\|[ˈtʃøɫ]]] "blue" or ''mala'''tj''''' [[~~Help:~~IPA\|[ˈmɑlɑtʃ]]] "gourd". In word-medial places, it is always voiced and additionally typically geminated, specifically after [[w:Velar consonant\|velar]] [[w:Obstruent consonant\|obstruents]] /k g x ɣ/ and the nasal /n/ (which is always palatalised before /c dʒ/), such as in ''brihṇdag'''tj'''eğ'' [[~~Help:~~IPA\|[ˈb̥ɽihn̩dɑgddʒə(w)]]] "euphemistic" and ''bin'''tj'''im'' [[~~Help:~~IPA\|[ˈb̥iɲddʒim]]] "he hops".		/dʒ/ is devoiced in word-initial and word-final positions, such as '''''tj'''oell'' [[IPA for Pokht\|[ˈtʃøɫ]]] "blue" or ''mala'''tj''''' [[IPA for Pokht\|[ˈmɑlɑtʃ]]] "gourd". In word-medial places, it is always voiced and additionally typically geminated, specifically after [[w:Velar consonant\|velar]] [[w:Obstruent consonant\|obstruents]] /k g x ɣ/ and the nasal /n/ (which is always palatalised before /c dʒ/), such as in ''brihṇdag'''tj'''eğ'' [[IPA for Pokht\|[ˈb̥ɽihn̩dɑgddʒə(w)]]] "euphemistic" and ''bin'''tj'''im'' [[IPA for Pokht\|[ˈb̥iɲddʒim]]] "he hops".

	/l ɫ/ are contrastive everywhere except initial positions where only /l/ occurs, so ''tjoe'''l''''' [[~~Help:~~IPA\|[ˈtʃøl]]] "while" contrasts with ''tjoe'''ll''''' [[~~Help:~~IPA\|[ˈtʃøɫ]]] "blue".		/l ɫ/ are contrastive everywhere except initial positions where only /l/ occurs, so ''tjoe'''l''''' [[IPA for Pokht\|[ˈtʃøl]]] "while" contrasts with ''tjoe'''ll''''' [[IPA for Pokht\|[ˈtʃøɫ]]] "blue".

	===Vowels===		===Vowels===

Jukethatbox: /* Consonants */

2025-06-25T13:32:02Z

Consonants

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:32, 25 June 2025
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	/f v/ vary between [[w:Bilabial fricative\|bilabial]] and [[w:Labiodental fricative\|labiodental]] depending on the dialect.		/f v/ vary between [[w:Bilabial fricative\|bilabial]] and [[w:Labiodental fricative\|labiodental]] depending on the dialect.

	/j w ɣ/ are all allophones of the phoneme /ɣ/; its pronunciation varies on position. After vowels /u o ø/ at the end of a word, it extends the vowel and alternates between /j~w/ depending on the speaker, as in ''bokhtjoe'''ğ'''''. In the medial position of a compound word, it typically only extends the vowel and is unwritten, as in ''bokhtj'''oe'''srenyeğ'' [[Help:IPA\|[ˈb̥ɔxddʒøːˌsɽeɲə]]]. After word-final /e/, it simply turns /e/ into /ə/, as in ''srenye'''ğ''''' [[Help:IPA\|[ˈsɽeɲə]]], though in some dialects it may also be pronounced with a /w/, hence the preservation of the letter. Before voiceless plosives it becomes /k/; before voiced, it becomes /g/. In either way, it is written ⟨g⟩. In all other places, it is pronounced as [[w:Voiced velar fricative\|velar fricative]] /ɣ/.		/j w ɣ/ are all allophones of the phoneme /ɣ/; its pronunciation varies on position. After vowels /u ɔ ø/ at the end of a word, it extends the vowel and alternates between /j~w/ depending on the speaker, as in ''bokhtjoe'''ğ'''''. In the medial position of a compound word, it typically only extends the vowel and is unwritten, as in ''bokhtj'''oe'''srenyeğ'' [[Help:IPA\|[ˈb̥ɔxddʒøːˌsɽeɲə]]]. After word-final /e/, it simply turns /e/ into /ə/, as in ''srenye'''ğ''''' [[Help:IPA\|[ˈsɽeɲə]]], though in some dialects it may also be pronounced with a /w/, hence the preservation of the letter. Before voiceless plosives it becomes /k/; before voiced, it becomes /g/. In either way, it is written ⟨g⟩. In all other places, it is pronounced as [[w:Voiced velar fricative\|velar fricative]] /ɣ/.

	/dʒ/ is devoiced in word-initial and word-final positions, such as '''''tj'''oell'' [[Help:IPA\|[ˈtʃøɫ]]] "blue" or ''mala'''tj''''' [[Help:IPA\|[ˈmɑlɑtʃ]]] "gourd". In word-medial places, it is always voiced and additionally typically geminated, specifically after [[w:Velar consonant\|velar]] [[w:Obstruent consonant\|obstruents]] /k g x ɣ/ and the nasal /n/ (which is always palatalised before /c dʒ/), such as in ''brihṇdag'''tj'''eğ'' [[Help:IPA\|[ˈb̥ɽihn̩dɑgddʒə(w)]]] "euphemistic" and ''bin'''tj'''im'' [[Help:IPA\|[ˈb̥iɲddʒim]]] "he hops".		/dʒ/ is devoiced in word-initial and word-final positions, such as '''''tj'''oell'' [[Help:IPA\|[ˈtʃøɫ]]] "blue" or ''mala'''tj''''' [[Help:IPA\|[ˈmɑlɑtʃ]]] "gourd". In word-medial places, it is always voiced and additionally typically geminated, specifically after [[w:Velar consonant\|velar]] [[w:Obstruent consonant\|obstruents]] /k g x ɣ/ and the nasal /n/ (which is always palatalised before /c dʒ/), such as in ''brihṇdag'''tj'''eğ'' [[Help:IPA\|[ˈb̥ɽihn̩dɑgddʒə(w)]]] "euphemistic" and ''bin'''tj'''im'' [[Help:IPA\|[ˈb̥iɲddʒim]]] "he hops".

Jukethatbox at 21:28, 24 June 2025

2025-06-24T21:28:28Z

@@ Line 89: / Line 89: @@
 |}
 Pokht preserved all Old Izhkut vowels apart from /ɛ/, which merged with /e/. Additionally the originally close-mid /[[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]]/ of Old Izhkut was lowered to an open-mid /[[w:Open-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]]/.
 [[Category:Pokht]] [[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Conlangs]] [[Category:Radael]] [[Category:Taskaric languages]]

Jukethatbox: /* Consonants */

2025-06-16T17:39:22Z

Consonants

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:39, 16 June 2025
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	/dʒ/ is devoiced in word-initial and word-final positions, such as '''''tj'''oell'' [[Help:IPA\|[ˈtʃøɫ]]] "blue" or ''mala'''tj''''' [[Help:IPA\|[ˈmɑlɑtʃ]]] "gourd". In word-medial places, it is always voiced and additionally typically geminated, specifically after [[w:Velar consonant\|velar]] [[w:Obstruent consonant\|obstruents]] /k g x ɣ/ and the nasal /n/ (which is always palatalised before /c dʒ/), such as in ''brihṇdag'''tj'''eğ'' [[Help:IPA\|[ˈb̥ɽihn̩dɑgddʒə(w)]]] "euphemistic" and ''bin'''tj'''im'' [[Help:IPA\|[ˈb̥iɲddʒim]]] "he hops".		/dʒ/ is devoiced in word-initial and word-final positions, such as '''''tj'''oell'' [[Help:IPA\|[ˈtʃøɫ]]] "blue" or ''mala'''tj''''' [[Help:IPA\|[ˈmɑlɑtʃ]]] "gourd". In word-medial places, it is always voiced and additionally typically geminated, specifically after [[w:Velar consonant\|velar]] [[w:Obstruent consonant\|obstruents]] /k g x ɣ/ and the nasal /n/ (which is always palatalised before /c dʒ/), such as in ''brihṇdag'''tj'''eğ'' [[Help:IPA\|[ˈb̥ɽihn̩dɑgddʒə(w)]]] "euphemistic" and ''bin'''tj'''im'' [[Help:IPA\|[ˈb̥iɲddʒim]]] "he hops".

	/l ɫ/ are contrastive everywhere except initial positions where only /l/ occurs, so ''tjoe'''l''''' [[Help:IPA\|[ˈtʃøl]]] "while" contrasts with ''tjoe'''ll''''' [[Help:IPA\|[ˈtʃøɫ]]] "blue" ~~but ''lareğ'' [[Help:IPA\|[ˈlɑɽə(w)]]] "finished" doesn't contrast with *[[Help:IPA\|[ˈɫɑɽə(w)]]]~~.		/l ɫ/ are contrastive everywhere except initial positions where only /l/ occurs, so ''tjoe'''l''''' [[Help:IPA\|[ˈtʃøl]]] "while" contrasts with ''tjoe'''ll''''' [[Help:IPA\|[ˈtʃøɫ]]] "blue".

	===Vowels===		===Vowels===

Jukethatbox: /* Consonants */

2025-06-16T17:25:31Z

Consonants

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:25, 16 June 2025
Line 72:		Line 72:

	/dʒ/ is devoiced in word-initial and word-final positions, such as '''''tj'''oell'' [[Help:IPA\|[ˈtʃøɫ]]] "blue" or ''mala'''tj''''' [[Help:IPA\|[ˈmɑlɑtʃ]]] "gourd". In word-medial places, it is always voiced and additionally typically geminated, specifically after [[w:Velar consonant\|velar]] [[w:Obstruent consonant\|obstruents]] /k g x ɣ/ and the nasal /n/ (which is always palatalised before /c dʒ/), such as in ''brihṇdag'''tj'''eğ'' [[Help:IPA\|[ˈb̥ɽihn̩dɑgddʒə(w)]]] "euphemistic" and ''bin'''tj'''im'' [[Help:IPA\|[ˈb̥iɲddʒim]]] "he hops".		/dʒ/ is devoiced in word-initial and word-final positions, such as '''''tj'''oell'' [[Help:IPA\|[ˈtʃøɫ]]] "blue" or ''mala'''tj''''' [[Help:IPA\|[ˈmɑlɑtʃ]]] "gourd". In word-medial places, it is always voiced and additionally typically geminated, specifically after [[w:Velar consonant\|velar]] [[w:Obstruent consonant\|obstruents]] /k g x ɣ/ and the nasal /n/ (which is always palatalised before /c dʒ/), such as in ''brihṇdag'''tj'''eğ'' [[Help:IPA\|[ˈb̥ɽihn̩dɑgddʒə(w)]]] "euphemistic" and ''bin'''tj'''im'' [[Help:IPA\|[ˈb̥iɲddʒim]]] "he hops".

			/l ɫ/ are contrastive everywhere except initial positions where only /l/ occurs, so ''tjoe'''l''''' [[Help:IPA\|[ˈtʃøl]]] "while" contrasts with ''tjoe'''ll''''' [[Help:IPA\|[ˈtʃøɫ]]] "blue" but ''lareğ'' [[Help:IPA\|[ˈlɑɽə(w)]]] "finished" doesn't contrast with *[[Help:IPA\|[ˈɫɑɽə(w)]]].

	===Vowels===		===Vowels===

Jukethatbox: /* Consonants */

2025-05-29T14:40:53Z

Consonants

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:40, 29 May 2025
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	\|-		\|-
	! Affricate		! Affricate
	\| \|\| \|\| dʒ \|\| \|\| \|\|		\| \|\| \|\| (tʃ) dʒ \|\| \|\| \|\|
	\|-		\|-
	! Nasal		! Nasal
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	/f v/ vary between [[w:Bilabial fricative\|bilabial]] and [[w:Labiodental fricative\|labiodental]] depending on the dialect.		/f v/ vary between [[w:Bilabial fricative\|bilabial]] and [[w:Labiodental fricative\|labiodental]] depending on the dialect.

	/j w ɣ/ are all allophones of the phoneme /ğ/; its pronunciation varies on position. After vowels /u o ø/ at the end of a word, it extends the vowel and alternates between /j~w/ depending on the speaker, as in ''bokhtjoe'''ğ'''''. In the medial position of a compound word, it typically only extends the vowel and is unwritten, as in ''bokhtj'''oe'''srenyeğ'' [[Help:IPA\|[ˈb̥ɔxddʒøːˌsɽeɲə]]]. After word-final /e/, it simply turns /e/ into /ə/, as in ''srenye'''ğ''''' [[Help:IPA\|[ˈsɽeɲə]]], though in some dialects it may also be pronounced with a /w/, hence the preservation of the letter. Before voiceless plosives it becomes /k/; before voiced, it becomes /g/. In either way, it is written ⟨g⟩. In all other places, it is pronounced as [[w:Voiced velar fricative\|velar fricative]] /ɣ/.		/j w ɣ/ are all allophones of the phoneme /ɣ/; its pronunciation varies on position. After vowels /u o ø/ at the end of a word, it extends the vowel and alternates between /j~w/ depending on the speaker, as in ''bokhtjoe'''ğ'''''. In the medial position of a compound word, it typically only extends the vowel and is unwritten, as in ''bokhtj'''oe'''srenyeğ'' [[Help:IPA\|[ˈb̥ɔxddʒøːˌsɽeɲə]]]. After word-final /e/, it simply turns /e/ into /ə/, as in ''srenye'''ğ''''' [[Help:IPA\|[ˈsɽeɲə]]], though in some dialects it may also be pronounced with a /w/, hence the preservation of the letter. Before voiceless plosives it becomes /k/; before voiced, it becomes /g/. In either way, it is written ⟨g⟩. In all other places, it is pronounced as [[w:Voiced velar fricative\|velar fricative]] /ɣ/.

			/dʒ/ is devoiced in word-initial and word-final positions, such as '''''tj'''oell'' [[Help:IPA\|[ˈtʃøɫ]]] "blue" or ''mala'''tj''''' [[Help:IPA\|[ˈmɑlɑtʃ]]] "gourd". In word-medial places, it is always voiced and additionally typically geminated, specifically after [[w:Velar consonant\|velar]] [[w:Obstruent consonant\|obstruents]] /k g x ɣ/ and the nasal /n/ (which is always palatalised before /c dʒ/), such as in ''brihṇdag'''tj'''eğ'' [[Help:IPA\|[ˈb̥ɽihn̩dɑgddʒə(w)]]] "euphemistic" and ''bin'''tj'''im'' [[Help:IPA\|[ˈb̥iɲddʒim]]] "he hops".

	===Vowels===		===Vowels===

Jukethatbox at 12:23, 29 May 2025

2025-05-29T12:23:56Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:23, 29 May 2025
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	\| ancestor4 = [[Old Izhkut]]		\| ancestor4 = [[Old Izhkut]]
	\| minority = [[Ingdikh]]		\| minority = [[Ingdikh]]
			\| dia1 = Western<br>
			** Nağtjur
			** Vizhnall
			\| dia2 = Southern<br>
			** Yamuzeğ
			** Fasnakhi
			\| dia3 = Eastern †<br>
			** [[Mokhtjen]] †
	\| agency = Bokhtjoesrenyeğ (''unofficial'')		\| agency = Bokhtjoesrenyeğ (''unofficial'')
	\| notice = ipa		\| notice = ipa

Jukethatbox at 12:13, 29 May 2025

2025-05-29T12:13:10Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:13, 29 May 2025
Line 19:		Line 19:
	\| ancestor4 = [[Old Izhkut]]		\| ancestor4 = [[Old Izhkut]]
	\| minority = [[Ingdikh]]		\| minority = [[Ingdikh]]
	\| agency = ~~Pokhtjoesrenyeğ~~ (''unofficial'')		\| agency = Bokhtjoesrenyeğ (''unofficial'')
	\| notice = ipa		\| notice = ipa
	}}		}}
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	/f v/ vary between [[w:Bilabial fricative\|bilabial]] and [[w:Labiodental fricative\|labiodental]] depending on the dialect.		/f v/ vary between [[w:Bilabial fricative\|bilabial]] and [[w:Labiodental fricative\|labiodental]] depending on the dialect.

	/j w ɣ/ are all allophones of the phoneme /ğ/; its pronunciation varies on position. After vowels /u o ø/ at the end of a word, it extends the vowel and alternates between /j~w/ depending on the speaker, as in ''bokhtjoe'''ğ'''''. In the medial position of a compound word, it typically only extends the vowel and is unwritten, as in ''~~Pokhtj~~'''oe'''srenyeğ'' [[Help:IPA\|[ˈb̥ɔxddʒøːˌsɽeɲə]]]. After word-final /e/, it simply turns /e/ into /ə/, as in ''srenye'''ğ''''' [[Help:IPA\|[ˈsɽeɲə]]], though in some dialects it may also be pronounced with a /w/, hence the preservation of the letter. Before voiceless plosives it becomes /k/; before voiced, it becomes /g/. In either way, it is written ⟨g⟩. In all other places, it is pronounced as [[w:Voiced velar fricative\|velar fricative]] /ɣ/.		/j w ɣ/ are all allophones of the phoneme /ğ/; its pronunciation varies on position. After vowels /u o ø/ at the end of a word, it extends the vowel and alternates between /j~w/ depending on the speaker, as in ''bokhtjoe'''ğ'''''. In the medial position of a compound word, it typically only extends the vowel and is unwritten, as in ''bokhtj'''oe'''srenyeğ'' [[Help:IPA\|[ˈb̥ɔxddʒøːˌsɽeɲə]]]. After word-final /e/, it simply turns /e/ into /ə/, as in ''srenye'''ğ''''' [[Help:IPA\|[ˈsɽeɲə]]], though in some dialects it may also be pronounced with a /w/, hence the preservation of the letter. Before voiceless plosives it becomes /k/; before voiced, it becomes /g/. In either way, it is written ⟨g⟩. In all other places, it is pronounced as [[w:Voiced velar fricative\|velar fricative]] /ɣ/.

	===Vowels===		===Vowels===

Jukethatbox: /* Consonants */

2025-05-28T16:26:04Z

Consonants

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:26, 28 May 2025
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	! Nasal		! Nasal
	\| m \|\| colspan=2 \| n \|\| ɲ \|\| ŋ \|\|		\| m \|\| colspan=2 \| n \|\| ɲ \|\| ŋ \|\|
			\|-
			! Fricative
			\| f v \|\| s z \|\| ʃ ʒ \|\| \|\| x ɣ \|\| h
	\|-		\|-
	! Tap or flap		! Tap or flap
	\| \|\| \|\| ɽ \|\| \|\| \|\|		\| \|\| \|\| ɽ \|\| \|\| \|\|
	\|-
	~~! Fricative~~
	~~\| f v \|\| s z \|\| ʃ ʒ \|\| \|\| x ɣ \|\| h~~
	\|-		\|-
	! Semivowel		! Semivowel
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	/j w ɣ/ are all allophones of the phoneme /ğ/; its pronunciation varies on position. After vowels /u o ø/ at the end of a word, it extends the vowel and alternates between /j~w/ depending on the speaker, as in ''bokhtjoe'''ğ'''''. In the medial position of a compound word, it typically only extends the vowel and is unwritten, as in ''Pokhtj'''oe'''srenyeğ'' [[Help:IPA\|[ˈb̥ɔxddʒøːˌsɽeɲə]]]. After word-final /e/, it simply turns /e/ into /ə/, as in ''srenye'''ğ''''' [[Help:IPA\|[ˈsɽeɲə]]], though in some dialects it may also be pronounced with a /w/, hence the preservation of the letter. Before voiceless plosives it becomes /k/; before voiced, it becomes /g/. In either way, it is written ⟨g⟩. In all other places, it is pronounced as [[w:Voiced velar fricative\|velar fricative]] /ɣ/.		/j w ɣ/ are all allophones of the phoneme /ğ/; its pronunciation varies on position. After vowels /u o ø/ at the end of a word, it extends the vowel and alternates between /j~w/ depending on the speaker, as in ''bokhtjoe'''ğ'''''. In the medial position of a compound word, it typically only extends the vowel and is unwritten, as in ''Pokhtj'''oe'''srenyeğ'' [[Help:IPA\|[ˈb̥ɔxddʒøːˌsɽeɲə]]]. After word-final /e/, it simply turns /e/ into /ə/, as in ''srenye'''ğ''''' [[Help:IPA\|[ˈsɽeɲə]]], though in some dialects it may also be pronounced with a /w/, hence the preservation of the letter. Before voiceless plosives it becomes /k/; before voiced, it becomes /g/. In either way, it is written ⟨g⟩. In all other places, it is pronounced as [[w:Voiced velar fricative\|velar fricative]] /ɣ/.

	===Vowels===		===Vowels===
	{\| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"		{\| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"

Jukethatbox at 16:25, 28 May 2025

2025-05-28T16:25:02Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:25, 28 May 2025
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	Linguistically, Pokht is a descendant of [[Old Izhkut]], making it a sister language of [[Izhkut]] and the now-extinct [[Ilyod]] language. However, unlike other Old Izhkut descendants and its ancestor itself, Pokht is much more [[w:Inflectional language\|inflectional]] than the more [[w:Isolating language\|isolating]] [[Izhkut]], and incorporates a rich verbal paradigm that conjugates on [[w:Grammatical person\|person]], [[w:Grammatical tense\|tense]] and [[w:Grammatical aspect\|aspect]]. Pokht also retains the masculine-feminine [[w:Grammatical gender\|gender]] of [[Old Izhkut]], which Izhkut dropped.		Linguistically, Pokht is a descendant of [[Old Izhkut]], making it a sister language of [[Izhkut]] and the now-extinct [[Ilyod]] language. However, unlike other Old Izhkut descendants and its ancestor itself, Pokht is much more [[w:Inflectional language\|inflectional]] than the more [[w:Isolating language\|isolating]] [[Izhkut]], and incorporates a rich verbal paradigm that conjugates on [[w:Grammatical person\|person]], [[w:Grammatical tense\|tense]] and [[w:Grammatical aspect\|aspect]]. Pokht also retains the masculine-feminine [[w:Grammatical gender\|gender]] of [[Old Izhkut]], which Izhkut dropped.
			==Dialectology==
			Pokht varieties historically constitute a [[w:Dialect continuum\|dialect continuum]], which once encompassed the entire Pokhtreg; the notion of a singular Pokht language was primarily introduced by [[Izhkut]] colonial segregatory practices which distinguished the Pokht peoples(hitherto not recognised as a single people) as different from the supposedly superior Izhkut. As such, the contemporary classification of Pokht is incredibly controversial among the Pokht peoples, as its classification as one language evokes the lingering effects of Izhkut colonialism but also contradictingly evokes the antithetical Pokht independence movement, which has advocated for unity among Pokht peoples against a common Izhkut aggressor.
			===Historical extent===
			Pokht was historically divided into three dialectal phyla, named the '''Western''' (''damzin''), '''Eastern'''(''ranyeğ'') and '''Southern''' (''meğshella'') phyla. The Eastern dialects were historically the most spoken and documented; Eastern dialects such as [[Mokhtjen]] (MOHŢEM; modern Pokht: ''muğtjoela'') developed their own literary tradition centuries before modern [[Izhkut]] itself, and even in tandem with the existing [[Old Izhkut]] literary tradition of the time. Notably, Pokht was not considered a single language at this time, and neither were the various Pokht peoples. Instead, the various closely related peoples living in Pokhtreg identified themselves via their city-state of origin.
			===Izhkut colonialism===
			After the turn of the BH, the era of city-states in Petrum and Pokhtreg very quickly disappeared as larger nation-states began to rise; most notably, the [[Ilyod]] and [[Izhkut]] in Petrum. However, due to the more mountainous terrain of Pokhtreg, coordination on the scale of nation-states akin to Ilyod and Izhkutrëa, who resided on flatter terrain, was effectively impossible. Thus, though many city-states expanded physically and various wars were wrought, none achieved the size and power of the early Petruic nation-states.

	~~Pokht varieties historically constitute~~ a [[~~w:Dialect continuum~~\|~~dialect continuum~~]]~~, which once encompassed the entire Pokhtreg~~; the ~~notion of~~ a ~~singular Pokht language was primarily introduced by [[Izhkut]] colonial segregatory practices which distinguished~~ the Pokht ~~peoples(hitherto not recognised as a single people) as different from~~ the ~~supposedly superior~~ Izhkut. ~~As such~~, ~~the contemporary classification of Pokht is incredibly controversial among the Pokht peoples~~, ~~as its classification as one language evokes~~ the ~~lingering effects~~ of ~~Izhkut colonialism but also contradictingly evokes~~ the ~~antithetical~~ Pokht ~~independence movement~~, ~~which has advocated~~ for ~~unity among Pokht peoples against a common Izhkut aggressor~~.		In 100 BH, Ilyod and Izhkutrëa went to the war for the final time as a considerably weakened Ilyod finally surrendered to an equally devastated Izhkutrëa, who, after 20 years of continuous war, was none too kind to the finally occupied Ilyod. By 150 BH, the indigenous Ilyod people and [[Ilyod\|language]] were all but annihilated; the immense violence required to complete this genocide in such a short time frame greatly alarmed the Pokht nation-states, who had been at peace for several years while the Ilyod and Izhkut fought. This alarm was warranted, as by 200 BH, the Izhkut were already planning a land invasion of the Pokht city-states, and by 205 BH Pokhtreg had been plunged into war for the first time in 17 years.
	~~==Dialectology==~~
	~~WIP~~
	==Phonology==		==Phonology==
	===Consonants===		===Consonants===
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	\| colspan=2 \| \|\| colspan=2 \| ɑ		\| colspan=2 \| \|\| colspan=2 \| ɑ
	\|}		\|}
			Pokht preserved all Old Izhkut vowels apart from /ɛ/, which merged with /e/. Additionally the originally close-mid /[[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel\|o]]/ of Old Izhkut was lowered to an open-mid /[[w:Open-mid back rounded vowel\|ɔ]]/.
	[[Category:Pokht]] [[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Conlangs]] [[Category:Radael]] [[Category:Taskaric languages]]		[[Category:Pokht]] [[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Conlangs]] [[Category:Radael]] [[Category:Taskaric languages]]

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	/f v/ vary between [[w:Bilabial fricative\|bilabial]] and [[w:Labiodental fricative\|labiodental]] depending on the dialect.		/f v/ vary between [[w:Bilabial fricative\|bilabial]] and [[w:Labiodental fricative\|labiodental]] depending on the dialect.

	/j w ɣ/ are all allophones of the phoneme /ɣ/; its pronunciation varies on position. After vowels /u o ø/ at the end of a word, it extends the vowel and alternates between /j~w/ depending on the speaker, as in ''bokhtjoe'''ğ'''''. In the medial position of a compound word, it typically only extends the vowel and is unwritten, as in ''bokhtj'''oe'''srenyeğ'' [[Help:IPA\|[ˈb̥ɔxddʒøːˌsɽeɲə]]]. After word-final /e/, it simply turns /e/ into /ə/, as in ''srenye'''ğ''''' [[Help:IPA\|[ˈsɽeɲə]]], though in some dialects it may also be pronounced with a /w/, hence the preservation of the letter. Before voiceless plosives it becomes /k/; before voiced, it becomes /g/. In either way, it is written ⟨g⟩. In all other places, it is pronounced as [[w:Voiced velar fricative\|velar fricative]] /ɣ/.		/j w ɣ/ are all allophones of the phoneme /ɣ/; its pronunciation varies on position. After vowels /u ɔ ø/ at the end of a word, it extends the vowel and alternates between /j~w/ depending on the speaker, as in ''bokhtjoe'''ğ'''''. In the medial position of a compound word, it typically only extends the vowel and is unwritten, as in ''bokhtj'''oe'''srenyeğ'' [[Help:IPA\|[ˈb̥ɔxddʒøːˌsɽeɲə]]]. After word-final /e/, it simply turns /e/ into /ə/, as in ''srenye'''ğ''''' [[Help:IPA\|[ˈsɽeɲə]]], though in some dialects it may also be pronounced with a /w/, hence the preservation of the letter. Before voiceless plosives it becomes /k/; before voiced, it becomes /g/. In either way, it is written ⟨g⟩. In all other places, it is pronounced as [[w:Voiced velar fricative\|velar fricative]] /ɣ/.

	/dʒ/ is devoiced in word-initial and word-final positions, such as '''''tj'''oell'' [[Help:IPA\|[ˈtʃøɫ]]] "blue" or ''mala'''tj''''' [[Help:IPA\|[ˈmɑlɑtʃ]]] "gourd". In word-medial places, it is always voiced and additionally typically geminated, specifically after [[w:Velar consonant\|velar]] [[w:Obstruent consonant\|obstruents]] /k g x ɣ/ and the nasal /n/ (which is always palatalised before /c dʒ/), such as in ''brihṇdag'''tj'''eğ'' [[Help:IPA\|[ˈb̥ɽihn̩dɑgddʒə(w)]]] "euphemistic" and ''bin'''tj'''im'' [[Help:IPA\|[ˈb̥iɲddʒim]]] "he hops".		/dʒ/ is devoiced in word-initial and word-final positions, such as '''''tj'''oell'' [[Help:IPA\|[ˈtʃøɫ]]] "blue" or ''mala'''tj''''' [[Help:IPA\|[ˈmɑlɑtʃ]]] "gourd". In word-medial places, it is always voiced and additionally typically geminated, specifically after [[w:Velar consonant\|velar]] [[w:Obstruent consonant\|obstruents]] /k g x ɣ/ and the nasal /n/ (which is always palatalised before /c dʒ/), such as in ''brihṇdag'''tj'''eğ'' [[Help:IPA\|[ˈb̥ɽihn̩dɑgddʒə(w)]]] "euphemistic" and ''bin'''tj'''im'' [[Help:IPA\|[ˈb̥iɲddʒim]]] "he hops".