Proto-Almaic - Revision history

Sware: Added infobox

2022-04-14T19:02:56Z

Added infobox

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:02, 14 April 2022
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{Infobox language		{{Infobox proto-language
	\|name = Proto-Almaic		\| name = Proto-Almaic
	\|~~altname~~ =		\| creator = [[User:MIGUELbM\|Miguel Bartelsman]]
	\|~~nativename~~ = Rapa'i		\| altname = Rapa'i
	\|~~pronunciation~~ = ~~/ʀaˈpa.ʔi/~~		\| target = Almaic
	\|region = Almaic plains; Hassjic mountains.		\| region = Almaic plains; Hassjic mountains
	\|~~extinct~~ = ~~ca. 3500~~ a.E.		\| era = 5000–3500 a.E. (Lithic)
	~~\|era =~~ Lithic ~~period~~		\| familycolor =
	\|familycolor =		\| child1 = [[Angaran]]
	\|~~fam1~~ = ~~Almeic~~		\| child2 = [[Yohari]]
	\|~~family = Proto-Almaic~~
	~~\|creator = Miguel Bartelsman~~
	~~\|created = 2020~~
	~~\|setting = Conworld Angara~~
	~~\|script = Latin~~
	~~\|iso3 = none~~
	~~\|image =~~
	~~\|imagesize =~~
	~~\|imagealt~~ =
	~~\|imagecaption =~~
	~~\|imageheader =~~
	~~\|map =~~
	~~\|mapsize =~~
	~~\|mapalt =~~
	~~\|mapcaption =~~
	~~\|map2 =~~
	~~\|mapalt2 =~~
	~~\|mapcaption2 =~~
	~~\|boxsize =~~
	~~\|notice = IPA~~
	}}		}}

MIGUELbM: /* Syntax */

2020-03-01T12:28:09Z

Syntax

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:28, 1 March 2020
Line 248:		Line 248:

	{{rellink\|For examples: [[Proto-Almaic/Test Sentences]]}}		{{rellink\|For examples: [[Proto-Almaic/Test Sentences]]}}

			Proto-Angaric is a specifier-initial, adjunct-mixed, head-final language.

	XP → (YP) X'		XP → (YP) X'

	X' → (ZP) X'&~~emsp~~;or&~~emsp~~;X' (ZP)		X' → (ZP) X'&ensp;''or''&ensp;X' (ZP)

	X' → (WP) X		X' → (WP) X

	~~Proto-Angaric is a specifier-initial, adjunct-mixed, head-final language.~~		=== Structure rules ===

	~~NP → N'~~

	~~N' → (PP) N&emsp;or&emsp;N (PP)~~

	~~N' → (PP\|AdjP) N~~

	=== ~~Main clause~~ ===

	~~(Subject) Verb Phrase~~

	~~Primary word order is SOV. A clause can be embedded into another clause by moving its subject to the end of the clause. Thus~~

	~~: sheep wool have not~~

	~~becomes~~

	~~: wool have not sheep~~

	~~CHANGES: Determiners should go after the noun.~~		Phrase heads are in '''bold''', adjuncts are in {{color\|gray\|gray}}, optional elements are surrounded by (parentheses) or, if they can be repeated, by {curly braces}

	=== ~~Main clause~~ ===		==== Sentence ====
			* CP

	~~Proto-Almaic is primarily a VSO language, with alternate orders such as SVO, employed for topic introduction, and VOS, a result of pragmatic marking, being less common.~~		==== Complement Phrase (CP) ====
			* (NP) VP ('''C''')
			* VP '''NP''' — Subject backing

	=== ~~The verb phrase~~ ===		==== Verb Phrase (VP) ====
			* (NP/DP/CP) (NP/DP/CP) '''V''' {{color\|gray\|{PP/AdvP} }} (Aux)

	~~The verb phrase is, maximally, as follows:~~		==== Noun Phrase (NP) ====
			* {{color\|gray\|{PP} }} (PP/AdjP) '''N''' {{color\|gray\|{Adj} }}

	: (~~Preposition~~) '''~~Verb~~''' (~~Adverbs~~) (~~Auxiliary Verb~~)		==== Determiner phrase (DP) ====
			* (NP) '''D'''
			* (NP)<sub>{{glossabb\|s\|Subject, possessor, specifier}}</sub> (NP)<sub>{{glossabb\|o\|Object, possessee, complement}}</sub> '''D''' — Possessive construction

	Preverbal adpositions are valency increasing operators. These are usually applied before intransitive verbs to have them take a locative object, though they might also serve to form dative or causative constructions. Only a small subset of adpositions is allowed in this role.		==== Postposition Phrase (PP) ====
	~~Adverbs are usually located directly after the main verb, when multiple adverbs are used they obey the following order:~~		* (NP/DP/CP) '''PP'''

	~~: Time – Manner – Place~~		==== Adverb Phrase (AdvP) ====
			* (AdvP) '''AdvP'''

	~~Some functional adverbs, such as questions and conditionals will be located in other positions, such as at the beginning of the clause or at the end.~~		==== Adjective Phrase (AdjP) ====
			* (AdvP/PP) '''AdjP'''

	Auxiliary verbs are used to express certain tenses and aspects that main verbs have no inflections for, such as the future tense and the progressive aspect. When an auxiliary is used, the main verb takes no inflections, other than preverbal adpositions.		==== Conjunction Phrase (ConjP) ====
			* XP/ConjP XP '''Conj'''

	== Grammar ==		== Grammar ==

MIGUELbM: /* Syntax */

2020-02-26T08:01:02Z

Syntax

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:01, 26 February 2020
Line 248:		Line 248:

	{{rellink\|For examples: [[Proto-Almaic/Test Sentences]]}}		{{rellink\|For examples: [[Proto-Almaic/Test Sentences]]}}

			XP → (YP) X'

			X' → (ZP) X'&emsp;or&emsp;X' (ZP)

			X' → (WP) X

			Proto-Angaric is a specifier-initial, adjunct-mixed, head-final language.

			NP → N'

			N' → (PP) N&emsp;or&emsp;N (PP)

			N' → (PP\|AdjP) N

			=== Main clause ===

			(Subject) Verb Phrase

	Primary word order is SOV. A clause can be embedded into another clause by moving its subject to the end of the clause. Thus		Primary word order is SOV. A clause can be embedded into another clause by moving its subject to the end of the clause. Thus

MIGUELbM: /* Syntax */

2020-02-23T21:41:58Z

Syntax

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:41, 23 February 2020
Line 248:		Line 248:

	{{rellink\|For examples: [[Proto-Almaic/Test Sentences]]}}		{{rellink\|For examples: [[Proto-Almaic/Test Sentences]]}}

			Primary word order is SOV. A clause can be embedded into another clause by moving its subject to the end of the clause. Thus

			: sheep wool have not

			becomes

			: wool have not sheep

			CHANGES: Determiners should go after the noun.

	=== Main clause ===		=== Main clause ===

MIGUELbM: /* Syntax */

2020-02-16T14:43:49Z

Syntax

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:43, 16 February 2020
Line 246:		Line 246:

	== Syntax ==		== Syntax ==

			{{rellink\|For examples: [[Proto-Almaic/Test Sentences]]}}

	=== Main clause ===		=== Main clause ===

MIGUELbM: /* Syntax */

2020-02-16T14:36:19Z

Syntax

@@ Line 247: / Line 247: @@
 == Syntax ==
-{| {{Table/bluetable}}
+=== Main clause ===
-=== Relative constructions ===
+Proto-Almaic is primarily a VSO language, with alternate orders such as SVO, employed for topic introduction, and VOS, a result of pragmatic marking, being less common.
-Proto-angaran builds relative constructions with the help of demonstratives. Generally speaking, a correlative construction with a demonstrative in the relative and main clauses is the most versatile, but Passive-relative constructions can drop the demonstrative from the main clause, and Active-relative constructions can drop all the demonstratives and fully rely in word order instead.
+=== The verb phrase ===
-; Active (sheep)
+The verb phrase is, maximally, as follows:
-:; Regular clause
-:: The sheep wool not has.
+: (Preposition) '''Verb''' (Adverbs) (Auxiliary Verb)
-:::''The sheep had no wool.''
-:; Gapping
+Preverbal adpositions are valency increasing operators. These are usually applied before intransitive verbs to have them take a locative object, though they might also serve to form dative or causative constructions. Only a small subset of adpositions is allowed in this role.
-:: The sheep [wool not has] horses saw.
+Adverbs are usually located directly after the main verb, when multiple adverbs are used they obey the following order:
-::: ''The sheep (who) had no wool saw horses.''
-:: A horse sheep [wool not has] saw.
+: Time – Manner – Place
-::: ''A horse saw the sheep (who) had no wool.''
-:; Demonstrative
+Some functional adverbs, such as questions and conditionals will be located in other positions, such as at the beginning of the clause or at the end.
-:: The sheep [that wool not has] horses saw.
-::: ''The sheep that had no wool saw horses.''
+Auxiliary verbs are used to express certain tenses and aspects that main verbs have no inflections for, such as the future tense and the progressive aspect. When an auxiliary is used, the main verb takes no inflections, other than preverbal adpositions.
 == Grammar ==

MIGUELbM at 14:31, 16 February 2020

2020-02-16T14:31:16Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:31, 16 February 2020
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{Infobox language		{{Infobox language
	\|name = Proto-~~Almean~~		\|name = Proto-Almaic
	\|altname =		\|altname =
	\|nativename = Rapa'i		\|nativename = Rapa'i
	\|pronunciation = /ʀaˈpa.ʔi/		\|pronunciation = /ʀaˈpa.ʔi/
	\|region = ~~Almean~~ plains; Hassjic mountains.		\|region = Almaic plains; Hassjic mountains.
	\|extinct = ca. 3500 a.E.		\|extinct = ca. 3500 a.E.
	\|era = Lithic period		\|era = Lithic period
	\|familycolor =		\|familycolor =
	\|fam1 = Almeic		\|fam1 = Almeic
	\|family = Proto-~~Almean~~		\|family = Proto-Almaic
	\|creator = Miguel Bartelsman		\|creator = Miguel Bartelsman
	\|created = 2020		\|created = 2020
Line 31:		Line 31:
	}}		}}

	'''Proto-~~Almean~~''' is the common ancestor of all the ~~Almean~~ languages, a family of languages widespread in the Yolder and Ausmiran continents.		'''Proto-Almaic''' is the common ancestor of all the Almaic languages, a family of languages widespread in the Yolder and Ausmiran continents.

	Proto-~~Almean~~ is estimated to have been spoken from around 5000 to 3500 a.E., and it's original homeland may have been the Almeran plains from which the language derives its name. Its descendant languages include [[Angaran]] and [[Yohari]].		Proto-Almaic is estimated to have been spoken from around 5000 to 3500 a.E., and it's original homeland may have been the Almeran plains from which the language derives its name. Its descendant languages include [[Angaran]] and [[Yohari]].

	== Orthography ==		== Orthography ==

MIGUELbM: MIGUELbM moved page Proto-Almean to Proto-Almaic: Almea was already in use...

2020-02-16T14:18:34Z

MIGUELbM moved page Proto-Almean to Proto-Almaic: Almea was already in use...

← Older revision	Revision as of 14:18, 16 February 2020
(No difference)

MIGUELbM: /* Schleicher's fable */

2020-02-14T19:41:47Z

Schleicher's fable

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:41, 14 February 2020
Line 433:		Line 433:
	{\| style="font-size: smaller; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0; border-left: 5px solid #00000022; padding-left: 0.5em;"		{\| style="font-size: smaller; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0; border-left: 5px solid #00000022; padding-left: 0.5em;"
	\|- style="font-weight: bold;"		\|- style="font-weight: bold;"
	\| sa=mi \|\| anke \|\| ikado \|\| 'e \|\| atuza \|\| oh=nagoh \|\| 'e \|\| sin-sa \|\| to \|\| emon \|\| 'e \|\| ~~manttasa~~		\| sa=mi \|\| anke \|\| ikado \|\| 'e \|\| atuza \|\| oh=nagoh \|\| 'e \|\| sin-sa \|\| to \|\| emon \|\| 'e \|\| mantta-sa
	\|-		\|-
	\| {{glossabb\|1s\|First person singular}}={{glossabb\|gen}} \|\| heart \|\| {{glossabb\|2p\|Second person plural}} \|\| {{glossabb\|pat}} \|\| hurt \|\| {{glossabb\|indf}}=man \|\| {{glossabb\|pat}} \|\| see-{{glossabb\|ger}} \|\| {{glossabb\|pl}} \|\| horse \|\| {{glossabb\|pat}} \|\| drive={{glossabb\|ger}}		\| {{glossabb\|1s\|First person singular}}={{glossabb\|gen}} \|\| heart \|\| {{glossabb\|2p\|Second person plural}} \|\| {{glossabb\|pat}} \|\| hurt \|\| {{glossabb\|indf}}=man \|\| {{glossabb\|pat}} \|\| see-{{glossabb\|ger}} \|\| {{glossabb\|pl}} \|\| horse \|\| {{glossabb\|pat}} \|\| drive={{glossabb\|ger}}

MIGUELbM: /* Schleicher's fable */

2020-02-14T19:15:25Z

Schleicher's fable

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:15, 14 February 2020
Line 418:		Line 418:


	'''''~~“…Ahagi~~ emon 'e vanza mo: …”'''''<br>		'''''“…Agahi emon 'e vanza mo: …”'''''<br>
	/aˈga.hi eˈmõ ʔe ˈvan.za mõ/		/aˈga.hi eˈmõ ʔe ˈvan.za mo/
	{\| style="font-size: smaller; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0; border-left: 5px solid #00000022; padding-left: 0.5em;"		{\| style="font-size: smaller; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0; border-left: 5px solid #00000022; padding-left: 0.5em;"
	\|- style="font-weight: bold;"		\|- style="font-weight: bold;"
	\| ~~ahagi~~ \|\| to \|\| emon \|\| 'e \|\| vanza \|\| mo		\| agahi \|\| to \|\| emon \|\| 'e \|\| vanza \|\| mo
	\|-		\|-
	\| sheep \|\| {{glossabb\|pl}} \|\| horses \|\| {{glossabb\|pat}} \|\| say \|\| {{glossabb\|pst}}		\| sheep \|\| {{glossabb\|pl}} \|\| horses \|\| {{glossabb\|pat}} \|\| say \|\| {{glossabb\|pst}}
Line 441:		Line 441:

	'''''“…To emon vanza mo:…”'''''<br>		'''''“…To emon vanza mo:…”'''''<br>
	/to eˈmõ ˈvan.za mõ/		/to eˈmõ ˈvan.za mo/
	{\| style="font-size: smaller; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0; border-left: 5px solid #00000022; padding-left: 0.5em;"		{\| style="font-size: smaller; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0; border-left: 5px solid #00000022; padding-left: 0.5em;"
	\|- style="font-weight: bold;"		\|- style="font-weight: bold;"
Line 451:		Line 451:


	'''''~~“…«ahagi~~ 'e ~~???~~ sadomi anke atuza ~~???~~ 'e ~~???~~ sin:…”'''''<br>		'''''“…«agahi 'e mihe sadomi anke atuza la 'e mahulo sin:…”'''''<br>
	/~~???~~/		/aˈga.hi ʔe ˈmi.he saˈdo.mi ˈaŋ.ke aˈtu.za la ʔe maˈhu.lo sĩ/
	{\| style="font-size: smaller; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0; border-left: 5px solid #00000022; padding-left: 0.5em;"		{\| style="font-size: smaller; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0; border-left: 5px solid #00000022; padding-left: 0.5em;"
	\|- style="font-weight: bold;"		\|- style="font-weight: bold;"
	\| ~~ahagi~~ \|\| 'e \|\| ~~???~~ \|\| sado=mi \|\| anke \|\| atuza \|\| ~~???~~ \|\| 'e \|\| ~~???~~ \|\| sin		\| agahi \|\| 'e \|\| mihe \|\| sado=mi \|\| anke \|\| atuza \|\| la \|\| 'e \|\| mahulo \|\| sin
	\|-		\|-
	\| sheep \|\| {{glossabb\|pat}} \|\| listen \|\| {{glossabb\|1px\|First person plural exclusive}}={{glossabb\|gen}} \|\| heart \|\| hurt \|\| {{glossabb\|det}} \|\| {{glossabb\|pat}} \|\| when \|\| see		\| sheep \|\| {{glossabb\|pat}} \|\| listen \|\| {{glossabb\|1px\|First person plural exclusive}}={{glossabb\|gen}} \|\| heart \|\| hurt \|\| {{glossabb\|det}} \|\| {{glossabb\|pat}} \|\| when \|\| see