Proto-Haïdic - Revision history

Gaffney.flancer: /* Consonants */

2020-06-05T21:52:33Z

Consonants

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:52, 5 June 2020
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	\| *m		\| *m
	\|		\|
			\|
	\| *n		\| *n
	\|
	\|		\|
	\|		\|

Gaffney.flancer: /* Phonology */

2020-06-05T17:34:52Z

Phonology

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 '''Proto-Haïdic''' is the reconstructed ancestor to the Haïdic language family.
 ==Phonology==
 ===Consonants===
 {| class="wikitable"  style="margin:autmargin:auto;"

Gaffney.flancer: /* Verbs */

2020-06-05T17:27:55Z

Verbs

Show changes

Gaffney.flancer: /* Principle parts */

2020-06-04T15:54:18Z

Principle parts

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:54, 4 June 2020
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	=== Principle parts ===		=== Principle parts ===

	There are three principle verb forms for each derivational stem; the '''adnominal''', '''conclusive''', and '''infinitive'''. Different forms are used in different environments. The adnominal modifies a noun, much in the way an English relative clause does. It agrees with the case of the noun. The conclusive comes sentence finally and signals the completion of a thought or action. The infinitive is used before other verbs to modify them, or to signal sequential or complimentary action. It is the only form that takes auxiliaries, such as the negative marker '''''*~~ɬan~~'''''.		There are three principle verb forms for each derivational stem; the '''adnominal''', '''conclusive''', and '''infinitive'''. Different forms are used in different environments. The adnominal modifies a noun, much in the way an English relative clause does. It agrees with the case of the noun. The conclusive comes sentence finally and signals the completion of a thought or action. The infinitive is used before other verbs to modify them, or to signal sequential or complimentary action. It is the only form that takes auxiliaries, such as the negative marker '''''*ɮan'''''.

	~~:{{interlinear\|box=yes~~
	~~\| *sakir-i ðamɮ’an~~
	~~\| ADN/bloom-NOM flower~~
	~~\| 'The flower that blooms'}}~~

	~~:{{interlinear\|box=yes~~
	~~\| *ðamɮ’an-i ya-skir~~
	~~\| flower-NOM 3SG-CONCL/bloom~~
	~~\| 'The flower blooms'}}~~

	~~:{{interlinear\|box=yes~~
	~~\| *ðamɮ’an-i ya-skuru<nowiki>=</nowiki>ɮan~~
	~~\| flower-NOM 3SG-INF/bloom<nowiki>=</nowiki>CONCL/NEG~~
	~~\| 'The flower doesn't bloom'}}~~

	~~:{{interlinear\|box=yes~~
	~~\| *i-skuru<nowiki>=</nowiki>ɮan-i ðamɮ’an~~
	~~\| STAT-INF/bloom<nowiki>=</nowiki>ADN/NEG-NOM flower~~
	~~\| 'The flower that doesn't bloom}}~~

Gaffney.flancer: /* Alignment */

2020-06-04T15:52:41Z

Alignment

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:52, 4 June 2020
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	Broadly speaking, Proto-Haïdic is reconstructed as having a nominative-accusative morphosyntactic alignment system, as opposed to the Bäladiri alignment system of [[Proto-Maro-Ephenian]]. Nouns in Proto-Haïdic decline for three cases; the [[w:Nominative case\|nominative]], [[w:Oblique case\|oblique]], and [[w:Genitive case\|genitive]]. The verb agrees with its subject in person and number.		Broadly speaking, Proto-Haïdic is reconstructed as having a nominative-accusative morphosyntactic alignment system, as opposed to the Bäladiri alignment system of [[Proto-Maro-Ephenian]]. Nouns in Proto-Haïdic decline for three cases; the [[w:Nominative case\|nominative]], [[w:Oblique case\|oblique]], and [[w:Genitive case\|genitive]]. The verb agrees with its subject in person and number.
			:{{interlinear\|box=yes
	{{interlinear\|box=yes
	\| *t’īnu ʔaʕzāk’		\| *t’īnu ʔaʕzāk’
	\| tea-~~ACC~~ 1SG-CONCL/IPFV/drink		\| tea-OBL 1SG-CONCL/IPFV/drink
	\| 'I'm drinking tea'}}		\| 'I'm drinking tea'}}
			The oblique case may serve as an accusative or dative case in polyvalent words. In addition, the bare stem of a noun may be incorporated into the verb as an object, especially in embedded clauses.
			:{{interlinear\|box=yes
			\| *magīzu t’īnu ʔasiʕzak’
			\| friend-OBL tea-OBL 1SG-CONCL/PFV/make_drink
			\| 'I made my friends drink tea'}}

			:{{interlinear\|box=yes
			\| *t’īn ʕazak’ ʔamagīzīn
			\| tea INF/PFV/drink 1SG-friend-PL
			\| 'My friends who drink tea'}}

	=== Derived stems ===		=== Derived stems ===

Gaffney.flancer: /* Alignment */

2020-06-04T15:37:11Z

Alignment

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:37, 4 June 2020
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	\|}		\|}

	Broadly speaking, Proto-Haïdic is reconstructed as having a nominative-accusative morphosyntactic alignment system, as opposed to the Bäladiri alignment system of [[Proto-Maro-Ephenian]]. Nouns in Proto-Haïdic decline for three cases; the [[w:Nominative case\|nominative]], [[w:~~Accusative~~ case\|~~accusative~~]], and [[w:Genitive case\|genitive]]. The verb agrees with its subject in person and number.		Broadly speaking, Proto-Haïdic is reconstructed as having a nominative-accusative morphosyntactic alignment system, as opposed to the Bäladiri alignment system of [[Proto-Maro-Ephenian]]. Nouns in Proto-Haïdic decline for three cases; the [[w:Nominative case\|nominative]], [[w:Oblique case\|oblique]], and [[w:Genitive case\|genitive]]. The verb agrees with its subject in person and number.

	:{{interlinear\|box=yes		{{interlinear\|box=yes
	\| *~~aẓ̌āma ṣinžīna wig‘u ayyithām~~		\| *t’īnu ʔaʕzāk’
	\| ~~person-GEN.SG cat-NOM.PL milk~~-ACC~~.SG 3PL~~-CONCL/IPFV/drink		\| tea-ACC 1SG-CONCL/IPFV/drink
	\| '~~The person~~'~~s cats are~~ drinking ~~the milk'}}~~		\| 'I'm drinking tea'}}

	~~The genitive can also serve as a general oblique case, used for the indirect object with verbs like ''*nadi’'' ('to give').~~

	~~:{{interlinear\|box=yes~~
	~~\| *ṣinžūna wig‘u ’a-ndi’~~
	~~\| cat-GEN.PL milk-ACC.SG 1SG-CONCL/PFV/give~~
	~~\| 'I gave the cats milk'}}~~

	~~:{{interlinear\|box=yes~~
	~~\| *ṣinžūna wagu‘ ’asithumu ndi’~~
	~~\| cat-ACC.PL milk 1SG-INF/make_drink <nowiki>=</nowiki>CONCL/give~~
	~~\| 'I let the cats drink the milk~~'}}

	=== Derived stems ===		=== Derived stems ===

Gaffney.flancer: /* Alignment */

2020-06-04T15:11:26Z

Alignment

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:11, 4 June 2020
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	:{{interlinear\|box=yes		:{{interlinear\|box=yes
	\| *ṣinžūna ~~wagi‘~~ ’asithumu ndi’		\| *ṣinžūna wagu‘ ’asithumu ndi’
	\| cat-ACC.PL milk 1SG-INF/make_drink <nowiki>=</nowiki>CONCL/give		\| cat-ACC.PL milk 1SG-INF/make_drink <nowiki>=</nowiki>CONCL/give
	\| 'I let the cats drink the milk'}}		\| 'I let the cats drink the milk'}}

Gaffney.flancer: /* Alignment */

2020-06-04T15:10:55Z

Alignment

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:10, 4 June 2020
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	:{{interlinear\|box=yes		:{{interlinear\|box=yes
	\| *aẓ̌āma ṣinžīna ~~wig`u~~ ayyithām		\| *aẓ̌āma ṣinžīna wig‘u ayyithām
	\| person-GEN.SG cat-NOM.PL milk-ACC.SG 3PL-CONCL/IPFV/drink		\| person-GEN.SG cat-NOM.PL milk-ACC.SG 3PL-CONCL/IPFV/drink
	\| 'The person's cats are drinking the milk'}}		\| 'The person's cats are drinking the milk'}}

	The genitive can also serve as a general oblique case, used for the indirect object with verbs like ''*~~nadiʔ~~'' ('to give').		The genitive can also serve as a general oblique case, used for the indirect object with verbs like ''*nadi’'' ('to give').

	:{{interlinear\|box=yes		:{{interlinear\|box=yes
	\| *ṣinžūna ~~wig`u~~ ’a-ndi’		\| *ṣinžūna wig‘u ’a-ndi’
	\| cat-GEN.PL milk-ACC.SG 1SG-CONCL/PFV/give		\| cat-GEN.PL milk-ACC.SG 1SG-CONCL/PFV/give
	\| 'I gave the cats milk'}}		\| 'I gave the cats milk'}}

	:{{interlinear\|box=yes		:{{interlinear\|box=yes
	\| *ṣinžūna ~~wagi`~~ ’asithumu ndi’		\| *ṣinžūna wagi‘ ’asithumu ndi’
	\| cat-ACC.PL milk 1SG-INF/make_drink <nowiki>=</nowiki>CONCL/give		\| cat-ACC.PL milk 1SG-INF/make_drink <nowiki>=</nowiki>CONCL/give
	\| 'I let the cats drink the milk'}}		\| 'I let the cats drink the milk'}}

Gaffney.flancer: /* Alignment */

2020-06-04T15:10:14Z

Alignment

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:10, 4 June 2020
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	:{{interlinear\|box=yes		:{{interlinear\|box=yes
	\| *~~aɮ’ām-a s’inɮ-īna wilʕ-~~u ~~ayyi-thām~~		\| *aẓ̌āma ṣinžīna wig`u ayyithām
	\| person-GEN.SG cat-NOM.PL milk-ACC.SG 3PL-CONCL/IPFV/drink		\| person-GEN.SG cat-NOM.PL milk-ACC.SG 3PL-CONCL/IPFV/drink
	\| 'The person's cats are drinking the milk'}}		\| 'The person's cats are drinking the milk'}}
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	:{{interlinear\|box=yes		:{{interlinear\|box=yes
	\| *~~s’inɮ-ūna wilʕ-~~u ʔa-~~ndiʔ~~		\| *ṣinžūna wig`u ’a-ndi’
	\| cat-GEN.PL milk-ACC.SG 1SG-CONCL/PFV/give		\| cat-GEN.PL milk-ACC.SG 1SG-CONCL/PFV/give
	\| 'I gave the cats milk'}}		\| 'I gave the cats milk'}}

	:{{interlinear\|box=yes		:{{interlinear\|box=yes
	\| *~~s’inɮ-ūna waliʕ ʔa-sithumu <nowiki>=</nowiki>ndiʔ~~		\| *ṣinžūna wagi` ’asithumu ndi’
	\| cat-ACC.PL milk 1SG-INF/make_drink <nowiki>=</nowiki>CONCL/give		\| cat-ACC.PL milk 1SG-INF/make_drink <nowiki>=</nowiki>CONCL/give
	\| 'I let the cats drink the milk'}}		\| 'I let the cats drink the milk'}}

	~~{\| class="wikitable" style="margin:autmargin:auto;"~~
	~~\|+caption \| Helper clitics~~
	\|-
	~~! Case~~
	~~! Clitic~~
	~~! Source~~
	~~! Example~~
	\|-
	~~\| Genitive~~
	~~\| ''*-bay''~~
	~~\| ''*bayiħ'' ('hand')~~
	~~\| ''*ʔa-''bay-''a s’inɮ'' ('my cat')~~
	\|-
	~~\| Accusative~~
	~~\| ''*-māt''~~
	~~\| ''*māt'' ('stuff')~~
	~~\| ''*ʔa-''māt''-u ya-ptah'' ('they struck me')~~
	\|-
	~~\| Allative~~
	~~\| ''*-(a)daɮ''~~
	~~\| ''*ʔadaɮ'' ('to go')~~
	~~\| ''*ʔa-bit’-a-''daɮ''-a ya-ʕmād'' ('they are walking towards my house')~~
	\|-
	~~\| Ablative~~
	~~\| ''*-(u)θawz''~~
	~~\| ''*θawaz'' ('to leave')~~
	~~\| ''*ʔa-bit’-u-''θawz''-a ya-ksiħ'' ('they came from my house')~~
	\|}

	=== Derived stems ===		=== Derived stems ===

Gaffney.flancer: /* Principle parts */

2020-06-04T11:31:25Z

Principle parts

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:31, 4 June 2020
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	:{{interlinear\|box=yes		:{{interlinear\|box=yes
	\| *ðamɮ’an-i ya-skuru<nowiki>=</nowiki>~~ɬan~~		\| *ðamɮ’an-i ya-skuru<nowiki>=</nowiki>ɮan
	\| flower-NOM 3SG-INF/bloom<nowiki>=</nowiki>CONCL/NEG		\| flower-NOM 3SG-INF/bloom<nowiki>=</nowiki>CONCL/NEG
	\| 'The flower doesn't bloom'}}		\| 'The flower doesn't bloom'}}

	:{{interlinear\|box=yes		:{{interlinear\|box=yes
	\| *i-skuru<nowiki>=</nowiki>~~ɬan~~-i ðamɮ’an		\| *i-skuru<nowiki>=</nowiki>ɮan-i ðamɮ’an
	\| STAT-INF/bloom<nowiki>=</nowiki>ADN/NEG-NOM flower		\| STAT-INF/bloom<nowiki>=</nowiki>ADN/NEG-NOM flower
	\| 'The flower that doesn't bloom}}		\| 'The flower that doesn't bloom}}

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:54, 4 June 2020
Line 301:		Line 301:
	=== Principle parts ===		=== Principle parts ===

	There are three principle verb forms for each derivational stem; the '''adnominal''', '''conclusive''', and '''infinitive'''. Different forms are used in different environments. The adnominal modifies a noun, much in the way an English relative clause does. It agrees with the case of the noun. The conclusive comes sentence finally and signals the completion of a thought or action. The infinitive is used before other verbs to modify them, or to signal sequential or complimentary action. It is the only form that takes auxiliaries, such as the negative marker '''''*~~ɬan~~'''''.		There are three principle verb forms for each derivational stem; the '''adnominal''', '''conclusive''', and '''infinitive'''. Different forms are used in different environments. The adnominal modifies a noun, much in the way an English relative clause does. It agrees with the case of the noun. The conclusive comes sentence finally and signals the completion of a thought or action. The infinitive is used before other verbs to modify them, or to signal sequential or complimentary action. It is the only form that takes auxiliaries, such as the negative marker '''''*ɮan'''''.

	~~:{{interlinear\|box=yes~~
	~~\| *sakir-i ðamɮ’an~~
	~~\| ADN/bloom-NOM flower~~
	~~\| 'The flower that blooms'}}~~

	~~:{{interlinear\|box=yes~~
	~~\| *ðamɮ’an-i ya-skir~~
	~~\| flower-NOM 3SG-CONCL/bloom~~
	~~\| 'The flower blooms'}}~~

	~~:{{interlinear\|box=yes~~
	~~\| *ðamɮ’an-i ya-skuru<nowiki>=</nowiki>ɮan~~
	~~\| flower-NOM 3SG-INF/bloom<nowiki>=</nowiki>CONCL/NEG~~
	~~\| 'The flower doesn't bloom'}}~~

	~~:{{interlinear\|box=yes~~
	~~\| *i-skuru<nowiki>=</nowiki>ɮan-i ðamɮ’an~~
	~~\| STAT-INF/bloom<nowiki>=</nowiki>ADN/NEG-NOM flower~~
	~~\| 'The flower that doesn't bloom}}~~